Future oncology最新文献

Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials to compare the effectiveness and safety of eribulin versus paclitaxel for patients with breast cancer.

Methods: We systematically searched multiple databases including Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and Embase. The primary outcomes analyzed were overall survival (OS), complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and adverse events (AEs). These outcomes were evaluated using RevMan5.3 software.

Results: A total of 5 studies were included in the analysis. Compared to paclitaxel plus other chemotherapy drugs, eribulin plus other chemotherapy drugs not only extended the overall survival of patients but also improved the disease control rate (DCR) [risk ratio (RR) 0.98, (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.70, 1.38), p = 0.92]. Hematological system diseases [RR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.31), p = 0.002] were the most frequently observed adverse event with eribulin, while paclitaxel was more likely to cause nervous system lesion [RR 0.66 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.80), p < 0.0001].

Conclusion: Compared with paclitaxel plus other chemotherapy drugs, eribulin plus other chemotherapy drugs can also prolong the PFS and OS of BC patients. Our recommendation is to use eribulin plus other chemotherapy drugs to treat advanced BC and to continuously monitor and manage the drug-related adverse events.

Objective: To investigate the application value of multimodality ultrasound in the evaluation of lymphoma.

Methods: The regression models were performed to determine whether there were differences in differentiating lymphoma from benign lymph nodes. Receiver operator curves were drawn to evaluate the diagnostic performance of three ultrasound modalities.

Results: Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in the long to short axes ratio, visibility of the hilum, Adler grade of blood flow, cortical echo, maximum elasticity, elastic color pattern, enhancement distribution, and Area. The combination of three modalities achieved a sensitivity of 95.6%, specificity of 87.5%, accuracy of 93.5%, positive predicted value of 97.0%, and negative predicted value of 82.4%.

Conclusion: Multimodal ultrasound can provide valuable differential diagnosis and improve the diagnostic performance.

Background: Previous studies on brain tumors have been performed on the nuclear genome, but limited studies have been reported on the mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial sirtuin (SIRT3/SIRT4/SIRT5) has been mutated in different cancers. Limited studies have been performed on brain tumors. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an important marker, and polymorphism in the IDH gene has been reported to differentiate the brain tumor subtypes.

Aim: The present study was designed to screen mitochondrial sirtuins and IDH polymorphisms in brain tumor patients.

Methodology: One thousand blood samples were collected (500 brain tumor patients and 500 controls). Two SNPs for each gene SIRT3 (rs12226697, rs570591), SIRT4 (rs184496260, 1925909), SIRT5 (rs2841522, rs2841523), and one SNP for IDH (rs11554137) was screened using Tetra-ARMS PCR.

Results: Logistic regression showed that the mutant genotype of selected SNPs was associated with increased disease incidence compared to wild type. Haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium (LD) showed a strong LD in brain tumor patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that mutant allele frequency was found to be associated with a significant decrease in the survival of brain tumor patients.

Conclusion: The present study showed that the mutant allele of selected mitochondrial sirtuins' SNP was associated with increased brain tumor risk.

Background: Bevacizumab induces muscle atrophy by changing the gene expression level of muscle tissue. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) enables precise measurement of various body compositions, including muscle area.

Materials & methods: A total of 102 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) undergoing first-line chemotherapy based on bevacizumab were enrolled at thirst Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China. Their body compositions were measured respectively 1 month before and 1 month after the treatment.

Results: Treatment-related decline in skeletal muscle index and visceral fat infiltration significantly affect patient prognosis.

Conclusion: A predictive model constructed by integrating changes in body composition with patient clinical characteristics effectively predicts the 9-month progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with mCRC.

Aim: To understand physicians' attitudes and behaviors regarding EGFR testing and retesting strategies in newly diagnosed metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients.Materials & methods: Oncologists and pathologists completed an online, cross-sectional survey.Results: Most oncologists (73.3%) and pathologists (53.4%) agreed that concurrent testing increases sensitivity for detecting EGFR mutations. Upon tissue insufficiency, oncologists and pathologists reported using liquid biopsy 77.0% and 39.0% of the time, respectively. Tumor accessibility, smoking status, patient willingness and age were key drivers of tissue re-biopsy. Most oncologists reported high confidence in proceeding to first-line therapy based solely on liquid biopsy (60.7-80.0%); fewer pathologists (37.9%) were comfortable with this decision.Conclusion: Variation in physicians' perceptions of testing and retesting highlights the need for greater stakeholder consensus.

While suppressing testosterone to castration levels is the aim of androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, studies have shown that prolonged low testosterone levels can have negative effects on patients' overall health and quality of life. This podcast covers two recently published papers that examined testosterone recovery in different ways. One real-world study assessed the impact of delayed testosterone recovery on clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer. A second subgroup analysis of the HERO trial assessed rates of testosterone recovery in patients receiving the long-acting, injectable gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist, leuprolide or the oral, once-daily gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, relugolix.

In this podcast discussion, we review the landscape of androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Prior to 2020, available ADT options to achieve chemical castration included gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonists (e.g., leuprolide) and antagonists (e.g., degarelix) administered via muscular or subcutaneous injection. In 2020, the once-daily oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, relugolix, received US regulatory approval for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer based on results from the Phase III HERO trial. In this podcast, we also discuss the primary efficacy and safety results of this trial, and key points for providers and patients to consider as they discuss the different ADT options.

Introduction: Physical activity is associated with improved functionality, independence and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing active treatment. Exercises can be prescribed to improve patient outcomes.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of applied exercise protocols on functional capacity, quality of life, fatigue and muscle strength in hospitalized onco-hematological patients compared to conventional treatment.

Method: Systematic literature review carried out in PUBMED, EMBASE and Scopus databases with the following descriptors: Hematological neoplasms AND Exercise Therapy AND Hospitalization, in November 2023. Studies with adult inpatients with hematological neoplasms who performed an exercise protocol in the intervention group were included.

Results: After applying the eligibility criteria, 9 articles were included in the review, 7 of which were randomized clinical trials and 6 were carried out on transplant patients. The most commonly assessed outcome was functional capacity, followed by muscle strength and quality of life, and ending with an assessment of fatigue. Studies have shown positive results for patients, especially those that combine resistance and aerobic exercise protocols.

Conclusion: An exercise protocol for patients with onco-hematological diseases can improve the outcomes analyzed. Aerobic and resistance exercises should be performed, but more studies are needed to assess the time and doses required for each activity.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of CALM intervention on cancer-related fatigue (CRF), quality of life (QOL), and heart rate variability (HRV) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: A total of 153 NSCLC patients were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the CALM group and usual care (UC) group. Patients in the CALM group were received 6 CALM intervention sessions over a 12-week period and evaluated using CRF, QOL and HRV at baseline (T0) and after 2, 4, and 6 intervention sessions.

Results: The CALM group showed significant differences in total CRF, behavioral/daily life CRF, emotional/affective CRF, sensory/physical CRF, cognitive CRF and QOL before and after CALM intervention sessions (F = 643.47, F = 208.34, F = 354.52, F = 285.69, F = 334.29, F = 245.77, p < 0.001). The CALM group showed significant increases in standard deviation of normal R-R interval (SDNN) and high-frequency power (HF) (z = -4.94, p < 0.001,z = -4.30, p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were observed between CRF and SDNN, HF and QOL across all participants.

Conclusions: The CALM intervention had a positive impact on overall physical and mental health, fatigue reduction, quality of life and autonomic dysfunction in NSCLC patients. Heart rate variability may serve as an observational indicator of physical and mental health.

Treatment of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) has evolved over the last decade. According to studies, the use of targeted therapies has significantly increased the life expectancy of patients. Moreover, ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) have improved clinical outcomes. In Lebanon, translating recommendations into clinical practice remains challenging. A Lebanese expert panel of oncologists was convened to describe the management paradigm and the clinical evidence supporting the optimal use of next-generation TKIs in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC and to provide an expert overview of local challenges and recommendations for optimizing the management of advanced NSCLC in Lebanese patients. The experts agreed that these recommendations should be part of a healthcare strategy to be implemented at the national level.