Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-38-43
N. Kozhuhova, V. Strokova, M. Kozhuhova, I. Zhernovskiy
the efficiency of traditional raw materials using as well as expanding of potential uses for non-conventional and alternative raw materials with different origin is the tasks exiting interest among material scientists and manufacture stuff. Investigation of the above is oriented on solution of such scientific problem as more deep understanding of structure and features of material. The results obtained also allow solution of some technological, technical and economical tasks. Greatly, it is actual when using of new types of raw materials as well as when synthesis of new composites. Concerning the construction material science field, the classic problem is the looking for ways to study the reactivity of raw components under different conditions, its control and, generally, its increasing to produce higher performance materials. Among the popular and widely-used construction materials are alkali-activated binders and relevant composites. In this study the results of granulometric analysis of suspension based on alkali-activated aluminosilicate with different crystallinity degree are presented. It was found, when treatment of aluminosilicate grain by alkali activator leads to the grain solubilizing (but differently depending on crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate) and formation of alkali-aluminosilicate gel that reacts with unreacted part of the grain according to structure affinity principle. It was also determined the crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate component is inversely proportional to its solubility in highly-alkali environment. The model of structure formation for geopolymer system under alkali effect is offered.
{"title":"STRUCTURE FORMATION IN ALKALI ACTIVATED ALUMINOSILICATE BINDING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL RAW MATERIALS WITH DIFFERENT CRYSTALLINITY DEGREE","authors":"N. Kozhuhova, V. Strokova, M. Kozhuhova, I. Zhernovskiy","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-38-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-38-43","url":null,"abstract":"the efficiency of traditional raw materials using as well as expanding of potential uses for non-conventional and alternative raw materials with different origin is the tasks exiting interest among material scientists and manufacture stuff. Investigation of the above is oriented on solution of such scientific problem as more deep understanding of structure and features of material. The results obtained also allow solution of some technological, technical and economical tasks. \u0000Greatly, it is actual when using of new types of raw materials as well as when synthesis of new composites. Concerning the construction material science field, the classic problem is the looking for ways to study the reactivity of raw components under different conditions, its control and, generally, its increasing to produce higher performance materials. \u0000Among the popular and widely-used construction materials are alkali-activated binders and relevant composites. \u0000In this study the results of granulometric analysis of suspension based on alkali-activated aluminosilicate with different crystallinity degree are presented. It was found, when treatment of aluminosilicate grain by alkali activator leads to the grain solubilizing (but differently depending on crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate) and formation of alkali-aluminosilicate gel that reacts with unreacted part of the grain according to structure affinity principle. It was also determined the crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate component is inversely proportional to its solubility in highly-alkali environment. The model of structure formation for geopolymer system under alkali effect is offered.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130174606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-37-44
A. Yur'ev, V. Zin'kova, Ata El'-Karim Soliman
the completeness of the truss design calculation is its configuration and dimensions when specifying the type of loading, material characteristics and directive dimensions. The problem of equilibrium stability with an unknown location of compressed rods hindered the optimization of the topology and geometry of the truss. The proposed variational method of truss synthesis is based on the principle of possible operation and generalization of the variational principles of Lagrange and Castigliano by expanding the functional space of geometric parameters. The solution of a physically linear isoperimetric problem for a given volume of the truss material allowed to establish its quasi-equal stress, which became the design criterion for the formulation of the geometry optimization problem. Its condition is the stationarity of the functional with respect to variable geometric parameters for a given flexibility of compressed rods. The iterative procedure, caused by a change in the initially accepted signs of longitudinal forces, is based both on their direct adjustment and on the change in the flexibility of individual rods. The global minimum of potential strain energy of the optimal truss is accompanied by a global minimum of material consumption. The proposed software allows to conduct automated design calculation of the truss. An example of designing a mechanical truss is considered.
{"title":"TRUSS DESIGN CALCULATION","authors":"A. Yur'ev, V. Zin'kova, Ata El'-Karim Soliman","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-37-44","url":null,"abstract":"the completeness of the truss design calculation is its configuration and dimensions when specifying the type of loading, material characteristics and directive dimensions. The problem of equilibrium stability with an unknown location of compressed rods hindered the optimization of the topology and geometry of the truss. The proposed variational method of truss synthesis is based on the principle of possible operation and generalization of the variational principles of Lagrange and Castigliano by expanding the functional space of geometric parameters. The solution of a physically linear isoperimetric problem for a given volume of the truss material allowed to establish its quasi-equal stress, which became the design criterion for the formulation of the geometry optimization problem. Its condition is the stationarity of the functional with respect to variable geometric parameters for a given flexibility of compressed rods. The iterative procedure, caused by a change in the initially accepted signs of longitudinal forces, is based both on their direct adjustment and on the change in the flexibility of individual rods. The global minimum of potential strain energy of the optimal truss is accompanied by a global minimum of material consumption. The proposed software allows to conduct automated design calculation of the truss. An example of designing a mechanical truss is considered.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125222596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-1-32-39
A. Pogromskiy, Tat'yana Anikanova
construction, repair and reconstruction of roads require high costs of mineral raw materials in the form of sand, gravel, mineral powder. However, its reserves on the territory of our country are distributed unevenly, which causes significant transportation costs for the delivery of mineral resources to construction sites. In addition, mineral resources are inevitably reduced over time, which requires extensive involvement in the construction of roads of non-traditional types of raw materials, as well as industrial waste. The paper presents the results of studies of the properties of electric steel slag, the current output and stored in the dumps for several years. The main component of electric steel-smelting slags, both fresh and dumped, lying in dumps for about 20 years, is shannonite or γ-modification of calcium orthosilicate C2S. It has been established that the mineralogical composition of the Oskol Electrometallurgical Combine's slag is represented by hematite, wuistite, calcite, periclase, and also portlandite, formed during quenching of lime. Analysis of diffractograms of slags of different shelf life shows that in the initial periods of slag storage in the dumps there is a final quenching of lime and its carbonization with the formation of calcite. The results of the determination of the granulometric composition of the slag of different storage periods showed a decrease with time of the number of fine fractions and an increase in large fractions. It is established that when using electric steel-smelting slags in the construction and repair of highways, it is necessary to take into account changes in the physical and mechanical properties of materials. The processes that take place during the maintenance of slags in dumps determine the suitability of the use of slag mineral materials in road construction.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM STORAGE OF ELECTRIC STEEL SMELTING SLAGS IN DUMPS ON THEIR PROPERTIES","authors":"A. Pogromskiy, Tat'yana Anikanova","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-1-32-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-1-32-39","url":null,"abstract":"construction, repair and reconstruction of roads require high costs of mineral raw materials in the form of sand, gravel, mineral powder. However, its reserves on the territory of our country are distributed unevenly, which causes significant transportation costs for the delivery of mineral resources to construction sites. In addition, mineral resources are inevitably reduced over time, which requires extensive involvement in the construction of roads of non-traditional types of raw materials, as well as industrial waste. \u0000The paper presents the results of studies of the properties of electric steel slag, the current output and stored in the dumps for several years. The main component of electric steel-smelting slags, both fresh and dumped, lying in dumps for about 20 years, is shannonite or γ-modification of calcium orthosilicate C2S. It has been established that the mineralogical composition of the Oskol Electrometallurgical Combine's slag is represented by hematite, wuistite, calcite, periclase, and also portlandite, formed during quenching of lime. Analysis of diffractograms of slags of different shelf life shows that in the initial periods of slag storage in the dumps there is a final quenching of lime and its carbonization with the formation of calcite. The results of the determination of the granulometric composition of the slag of different storage periods showed a decrease with time of the number of fine fractions and an increase in large fractions. It is established that when using electric steel-smelting slags in the construction and repair of highways, it is necessary to take into account changes in the physical and mechanical properties of materials. The processes that take place during the maintenance of slags in dumps determine the suitability of the use of slag mineral materials in road construction.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127030022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-13-20
M. Nikitina, A. Erygina, T. I. Timoshenko
now a top trend of technical development in the cement industry of Russia, is optimization of all technological repartitions of production. Obtaining the quality portlandtsement is multiple-factor process. It is influenced not only by the physical and chemical transformations of raw materials occurring during the firing of cement clinker, but also what will be the composition of the raw mixture and whether this mixture is prepared qualitatively. Work consists in a research and selection of an optimum compounding of raw mix, with the purpose to receive cement with high rates of quality. This direction will allow: first, to expand a source of raw materials, to process raw materials which go to dumps because in it is mute a large amount of quartz and impurity connections contains; secondly, to make small reconstruction of the line of preparation of raw mix. At the moment, the plant works on mixed mixtures of aluminosilicate raw materials, i.e. two types of aluminosilicate raw materials which are previously mixed in certain ratios therefore it affects on the accuracy of dispensing of components are used. Accuracy of dispensing of modern batchers, a component ± (1 … 2) %, is often insufficient. In this regard, the new option of optimum composition of mix is offered and investigated. This option of a "clean" mixing of components, will allow to improve process of mixing of initial raw materials, to operate process of drawing up proportions of mixes in a supply line of materials. And also it will allow to eliminate long-term deviations, guaranteeing the solution of problems at the earliest stage of their emergence. Receiving a qualitative ready-made product, reduction of costs for energy resources and cost efficiency of the proposed solution is result of this work
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF RAW MIX COMPOSITION OF SEREBRYANSKY CEMENT PLANT","authors":"M. Nikitina, A. Erygina, T. I. Timoshenko","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-13-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-13-20","url":null,"abstract":"now a top trend of technical development in the cement industry of Russia, is optimization of all technological repartitions of production. Obtaining the quality portlandtsement is multiple-factor process. It is influenced not only by the physical and chemical transformations of raw materials occurring during the firing of cement clinker, but also what will be the composition of the raw mixture and whether this mixture is prepared qualitatively. Work consists in a research and selection of an optimum compounding of raw mix, with the purpose to receive cement with high rates of quality. This direction will allow: first, to expand a source of raw materials, to process raw materials which go to dumps because in it is mute a large amount of quartz and impurity connections contains; secondly, to make small reconstruction of the line of preparation of raw mix. At the moment, the plant works on mixed mixtures of aluminosilicate raw materials, i.e. two types of aluminosilicate raw materials which are previously mixed in certain ratios therefore it affects on the accuracy of dispensing of components are used. Accuracy of dispensing of modern batchers, a component ± (1 … 2) %, is often insufficient. In this regard, the new option of optimum composition of mix is offered and investigated. This option of a \"clean\" mixing of components, will allow to improve process of mixing of initial raw materials, to operate process of drawing up proportions of mixes in a supply line of materials. And also it will allow to eliminate long-term deviations, guaranteeing the solution of problems at the earliest stage of their emergence. Receiving a qualitative ready-made product, reduction of costs for energy resources and cost efficiency of the proposed solution is result of this work","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115737835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-4-10
Vasiliy Bessmertnyy, D. Kochurin, D. Bondarenko, L. Bragina
scientific and technological principles of alternative plasma technology for the production of two-layer heat-resistant glass-like decorative coating were developed. The compositions of the intermediate heat-resistant layer and the technology of its application to the surface of the enclosing block of foam glass are proposed. The optimal parameters of plasma melting of heat-resistant and decorative coating layers were determined. The influence of high-speed characteristics of plasma jet thermal melting on the formation of texture and performance of two-layer heat-resistant coating is established. The features of the formation of amorphous vitreous and glass-crystalline phases of a two-layer heat-resistant coating are presented. Using x-ray phase analysis, the features of the phase composition of different layers of heat-resistant coating, as well as the laws of formation of its structural elements are studied. Based on the analysis of significant experimental material, it was concluded that the formation of the upper amorphous layer with liquating regions and minor gas inclusions. The conducted researches allowed to reveal and justify the features of the structure of the layers lying under the amorphous liquating. It was found that the two-layer protective and decorative coating had high physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties: adhesion strength to the matrix of the foam glass block-1.25 ± 0.05 MPa, microhardness-785 HV, heat resistance-122°C, acid resistance – 98.5%, alkali resistance – 95.4%.
{"title":"A BLOCK OF THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS WITH PROTECTIVE AND DECORATIVE COATINGS","authors":"Vasiliy Bessmertnyy, D. Kochurin, D. Bondarenko, L. Bragina","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-4-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-4-10","url":null,"abstract":"scientific and technological principles of alternative plasma technology for the production of two-layer heat-resistant glass-like decorative coating were developed. The compositions of the intermediate heat-resistant layer and the technology of its application to the surface of the enclosing block of foam glass are proposed. The optimal parameters of plasma melting of heat-resistant and decorative coating layers were determined. The influence of high-speed characteristics of plasma jet thermal melting on the formation of texture and performance of two-layer heat-resistant coating is established. The features of the formation of amorphous vitreous and glass-crystalline phases of a two-layer heat-resistant coating are presented. Using x-ray phase analysis, the features of the phase composition of different layers of heat-resistant coating, as well as the laws of formation of its structural elements are studied. Based on the analysis of significant experimental material, it was concluded that the formation of the upper amorphous layer with liquating regions and minor gas inclusions. The conducted researches allowed to reveal and justify the features of the structure of the layers lying under the amorphous liquating. It was found that the two-layer protective and decorative coating had high physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties: adhesion strength to the matrix of the foam glass block-1.25 ± 0.05 MPa, microhardness-785 HV, heat resistance-122°C, acid resistance – 98.5%, alkali resistance – 95.4%.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133956200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-30-37
O. Gavshina, S. Yashkina, A. Yashkin, V. Doroganov, I. Moreva
the paper is devoted to a full-scale study of corundum modifying dispersed additives (reactive, tabular, dispersing alumina) and artificial ceramic binder, their impact on high-alumina cement microstructure and setting time. Artificial ceramic binders are characterized by similar chemical, phase and grain composition with modifying corundum additives and characterized by the presence of particles less than 100 nm (up to 0.5%). The studied materials are finely dispersed polyfractional systems from 0.1 to 13 μm with a prevailing grading fraction of 2-10 μm. In this case, dispersing and reactive alumina are more coarse. Using the microscopy method it was established that the corundum additives increase packing density of high-alumina cement samples, especially with artificial ceramic binder addition. Studies of dispersed additives effect on the setting time of cement was conducted. It is established that the adding of artificial ceramic binder or dispersing alumina at 0.5% is speeding up the initial setting, but a further increasing of the additive content does not affect this indicator. The maximum reduction of setting time is caused by the introduction of 5% tabular alumina.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PARTICULATE ADDITIVES ON THE SETTING TIME AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF HIGH-ALUMINA CEMENT","authors":"O. Gavshina, S. Yashkina, A. Yashkin, V. Doroganov, I. Moreva","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-30-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-30-37","url":null,"abstract":"the paper is devoted to a full-scale study of corundum modifying dispersed additives (reactive, tabular, dispersing alumina) and artificial ceramic binder, their impact on high-alumina cement microstructure and setting time. Artificial ceramic binders are characterized by similar chemical, phase and grain composition with modifying corundum additives and characterized by the presence of particles less than 100 nm (up to 0.5%). The studied materials are finely dispersed polyfractional systems from 0.1 to 13 μm with a prevailing grading fraction of 2-10 μm. In this case, dispersing and reactive alumina are more coarse. Using the microscopy method it was established that the corundum additives increase packing density of high-alumina cement samples, especially with artificial ceramic binder addition. Studies of dispersed additives effect on the setting time of cement was conducted. It is established that the adding of artificial ceramic binder or dispersing alumina at 0.5% is speeding up the initial setting, but a further increasing of the additive content does not affect this indicator. The maximum reduction of setting time is caused by the introduction of 5% tabular alumina.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131677175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-24-31
M. Overchenko, A. Belous
the article raises the problem of improving the energy efficiency of buildings in operation with a constant increase in energy prices, which is now becoming increasingly important. The analysis of the design decisions of the buildings of educational institutions of Donetsk region was carried out; the main typical series of the region were highlighted and given. The issues and the factors affecting the heat and moisture characteristics of enclosing structures of educational institutions were discussed. The values of resistance to heat transfer for the most common standard series of secondary schools are given. The modeling of temperature fields of nodes of public buildings of standard series was made. The most unfavorable design solutions of serial buildings were identified by the following factors: the temperature of the inner surface of the outer enclosures and the temperature difference between the average temperature at the surface and the air temperature in the room. Possible ways of thermo-modernization of such buildings with consideration of the requirements for temperature and breathability are considered. The influence of heat-conducting inclusions on the heat-moisture regime of external enclosing structures during partial and full thermal modernization is estimated. The analysis of various methods and ways of warming the buildings of educational institutions are performed. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed options from an economic point of view are indicated, as well as on the basis of the requirements of fire regulations.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF INSULATION SYSTEMS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS","authors":"M. Overchenko, A. Belous","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-1-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"the article raises the problem of improving the energy efficiency of buildings in operation with a constant increase in energy prices, which is now becoming increasingly important. The analysis of the design decisions of the buildings of educational institutions of Donetsk region was carried out; the main typical series of the region were highlighted and given. The issues and the factors affecting the heat and moisture characteristics of enclosing structures of educational institutions were discussed. The values of resistance to heat transfer for the most common standard series of secondary schools are given. The modeling of temperature fields of nodes of public buildings of standard series was made. The most unfavorable design solutions of serial buildings were identified by the following factors: the temperature of the inner surface of the outer enclosures and the temperature difference between the average temperature at the surface and the air temperature in the room. Possible ways of thermo-modernization of such buildings with consideration of the requirements for temperature and breathability are considered. The influence of heat-conducting inclusions on the heat-moisture regime of external enclosing structures during partial and full thermal modernization is estimated. The analysis of various methods and ways of warming the buildings of educational institutions are performed. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed options from an economic point of view are indicated, as well as on the basis of the requirements of fire regulations.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133779722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-19-29
S. Sverguzova, I. Shayhiev, T. Otiti, Zh.A. Sapronova
ways of production of ceramic materials with use as the plasticizing additive of the sulphitic and alcohol bards (SAB), the calcium citrate filtrate (CCF) which is liquid withdrawal of production of citric acid in the microbiological way are known. However introduction to raw mix of CoB reduces forming humidity and fall of the formed products insufficiently, and an essential lack of FTsK is the low durability of products on compression with a big volume mass of samples. In work the possibility of use as the plasticizing additive to a clay lot of withdrawal of the spirit industry – melasses bards is investigated. As a part of molasses the remains of amino acids and other organic substances which have the plasticizing effect on clay materials contain. On the example of natural clays of three various fields the plasticizing action melasses bards is proved, and the number of plasticity of the studied clays increases in direct ratio to increase in additive melassny bards in clay raw mix. It is shown that introduction to raw mix melasses bards leads to improvement of appearance of pottery, decrease in jointing, increase in durability for Veselovsky clay for 7%, for the Oryol clay for 67%, for Bessonovskaya – for 23%. Research of the received ceramic samples on frost resistance according to requirements of GOST bards unlike the products which aren’t containing additive bards showed high frost resistance of products with additive melass. Also lowered decrease in durability and loss of mass of the samples containing additive melassny bards is noted
{"title":"INCREASING THE STRENGTH AND FROST RESISTANCE OF CERAMIC PRODUCTS AT USING MELASSES BARDS AS PLASTICIZER","authors":"S. Sverguzova, I. Shayhiev, T. Otiti, Zh.A. Sapronova","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-19-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-19-29","url":null,"abstract":"ways of production of ceramic materials with use as the plasticizing additive of the sulphitic and alcohol bards (SAB), the calcium citrate filtrate (CCF) which is liquid withdrawal of production of citric acid in the microbiological way are known. However introduction to raw mix of CoB reduces forming humidity and fall of the formed products insufficiently, and an essential lack of FTsK is the low durability of products on compression with a big volume mass of samples. \u0000In work the possibility of use as the plasticizing additive to a clay lot of withdrawal of the spirit industry – melasses bards is investigated. As a part of molasses the remains of amino acids and other organic substances which have the plasticizing effect on clay materials contain. On the example of natural clays of three various fields the plasticizing action melasses bards is proved, and the number of plasticity of the studied clays increases in direct ratio to increase in additive melassny bards in clay raw mix. It is shown that introduction to raw mix melasses bards leads to improvement of appearance of pottery, decrease in jointing, increase in durability for Veselovsky clay for 7%, for the Oryol clay for 67%, for Bessonovskaya – for 23%. \u0000Research of the received ceramic samples on frost resistance according to requirements of GOST bards unlike the products which aren’t containing additive bards showed high frost resistance of products with additive melass. Also lowered decrease in durability and loss of mass of the samples containing additive melassny bards is noted","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125190997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-4-10
N. Bondarenko, D. Bondarenko, N. Burlakov, L. Bragina
studies of the high-temperature effect of a plasma torch on the formation of a multilayer structure of the protective and decorative coating of autoclave wall materials are presented. The tasks of the work included studies: a temperature gradient in a multilayer protective-decorative coating; chemical composition of the fused, intermediate and deep layers of the protective and decorative coating; influence of sodium liquid glass on the formation of macro- and microstructures of protective and decorative coatings under the influence of plasma; processes of thermal diffusion and redistribution of oxides in the fused, intermediate and deep layers. It was found that when the plasma torch was treated with autoclave wall materials, the surface layer was heated to a depth of 3000 μm, and the maximum surface temperature reached 2000 °C. The pattern of the change in the structure of the fused and intermediate layer is revealed. It is shown that the preliminary impregnation of the surface of silica brick during plasma treatment due to the formation of a low-melting melt eliminates microcracks in its deep layers, and high plasma temperatures promote intensive evaporation of sodium and calcium oxides from the fused layer.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF PLASMOCHEMICAL MODIFICATION ON MACRO- AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF SURFACE LAYER OF AUTOCLAVE WALL MATERIALS","authors":"N. Bondarenko, D. Bondarenko, N. Burlakov, L. Bragina","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-4-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-4-10","url":null,"abstract":"studies of the high-temperature effect of a plasma torch on the formation of a multilayer structure of the protective and decorative coating of autoclave wall materials are presented. The tasks of the work included studies: a temperature gradient in a multilayer protective-decorative coating; chemical composition of the fused, intermediate and deep layers of the protective and decorative coating; influence of sodium liquid glass on the formation of macro- and microstructures of protective and decorative coatings under the influence of plasma; processes of thermal diffusion and redistribution of oxides in the fused, intermediate and deep layers. \u0000It was found that when the plasma torch was treated with autoclave wall materials, the surface layer was heated to a depth of 3000 μm, and the maximum surface temperature reached 2000 °C. The pattern of the change in the structure of the fused and intermediate layer is revealed. It is shown that the preliminary impregnation of the surface of silica brick during plasma treatment due to the formation of a low-melting melt eliminates microcracks in its deep layers, and high plasma temperatures promote intensive evaporation of sodium and calcium oxides from the fused layer.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125725656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-11-18
Vasiliy Bessmertnyy, O. Puchka, D. Bondarenko, I. A. Antropova, L. Bragina
the aim of the work is to study the effect of a high-temperature plasma torch on the processes of phase transformations and layer-by-layer modification of the protective and decorative coating on concrete using as a filler a mixture of quartz sand and hollow glass microspheres. The main tasks included: investigation of the processes of evaporation and thermal diffusion of oxides of plasma-coated coatings; study of phase transformations in the melt and its subsequent crystallization in the process of rapid spontaneous cooling of the fused protective and decorative coating; study of the effect of sodium liquid glass on the processes of polymorphic transformations of alumina and the formation of micro-wicks due to the intense diffusion of sodium oxide; study of operational characteristics of protective and decorative coatings. It was established that the initial phases in the protective-decorative coating are α-Al2O3 and CaO∙6Al2O3 (β-Al2O3), and the liquid sodium glass in the coating leads additionally to the formation of Na2O∙11Al2O3. The top layer of the protective and decorative coating is Na–Ca–Al–Si glass with regions of heterogeneities containing an increased content of sodium oxide. The content of aluminum oxide in the protective and decorative coating based on the battle of high-alumina refractory was 95.1 %. The introduction into the coating composition of sodium liquid glass minimizes the processes of dehydration of the binding component and changes the chemical composition of the protective and decorative coating. Reduction of the aluminum oxide content to 83.0 % affects the microhardness indicators. Microhardness of the concrete surface due to the introduction of liquid glass is reduced from 2510 HV to 887 HV.
{"title":"PLASMOCHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF WALL BUILDING MATERIALS","authors":"Vasiliy Bessmertnyy, O. Puchka, D. Bondarenko, I. A. Antropova, L. Bragina","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-11-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-2-11-18","url":null,"abstract":"the aim of the work is to study the effect of a high-temperature plasma torch on the processes of phase transformations and layer-by-layer modification of the protective and decorative coating on concrete using as a filler a mixture of quartz sand and hollow glass microspheres. The main tasks included: investigation of the processes of evaporation and thermal diffusion of oxides of plasma-coated coatings; study of phase transformations in the melt and its subsequent crystallization in the process of rapid spontaneous cooling of the fused protective and decorative coating; study of the effect of sodium liquid glass on the processes of polymorphic transformations of alumina and the formation of micro-wicks due to the intense diffusion of sodium oxide; study of operational characteristics of protective and decorative coatings. It was established that the initial phases in the protective-decorative coating are α-Al2O3 and CaO∙6Al2O3 (β-Al2O3), and the liquid sodium glass in the coating leads additionally to the formation of Na2O∙11Al2O3. The top layer of the protective and decorative coating is Na–Ca–Al–Si glass with regions of heterogeneities containing an increased content of sodium oxide. The content of aluminum oxide in the protective and decorative coating based on the battle of high-alumina refractory was 95.1 %. The introduction into the coating composition of sodium liquid glass minimizes the processes of dehydration of the binding component and changes the chemical composition of the protective and decorative coating. Reduction of the aluminum oxide content to 83.0 % affects the microhardness indicators. Microhardness of the concrete surface due to the introduction of liquid glass is reduced from 2510 HV to 887 HV.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115969975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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