Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.5
Ferhiyan Nabila, C. Widodo, Didik Rahadi Santoso
This paper discusses the influence of peripheral blood smear morphology methods on the electrical impedance spectroscopic characteristics of blood samples from ischemic stroke patients. In this study, there were 26 blood samples, consisting of a control group with 5 blood samples and a group of ischemic stroke patients with 21 samples with varying degrees of severity. The methods used are electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and whole blood cell morphology methods. The EIS method was carried out using the BISDAQ tool and application, and results were obtained in the form of Bode Plot, Bode Phase Plot, Nyquist Plot, and measurement data values in the form of Ms. Excel. Meanwhile, the Morphological method is carried out by making a peripheral blood smear, then viewing and obtaining an image using a digital microscope, and then counting the number of cells using the Image Raster application. Based on the results of the method carried out, the correlation can be seen to conclude that whole blood cell morphology greatly influences the characteristics of EIS and determines the severity of ischemic stroke patients.
{"title":"Correlation of Whole Blood Cell Morphology on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopic Characteristics on the Severity Level of Ischemic Stroke Patients","authors":"Ferhiyan Nabila, C. Widodo, Didik Rahadi Santoso","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the influence of peripheral blood smear morphology methods on the electrical impedance spectroscopic characteristics of blood samples from ischemic stroke patients. In this study, there were 26 blood samples, consisting of a control group with 5 blood samples and a group of ischemic stroke patients with 21 samples with varying degrees of severity. The methods used are electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and whole blood cell morphology methods. The EIS method was carried out using the BISDAQ tool and application, and results were obtained in the form of Bode Plot, Bode Phase Plot, Nyquist Plot, and measurement data values in the form of Ms. Excel. Meanwhile, the Morphological method is carried out by making a peripheral blood smear, then viewing and obtaining an image using a digital microscope, and then counting the number of cells using the Image Raster application. Based on the results of the method carried out, the correlation can be seen to conclude that whole blood cell morphology greatly influences the characteristics of EIS and determines the severity of ischemic stroke patients.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-20DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.2
Khudaidad Wasiq, Mohammad Tayeeb Qurdash
In this study, the effect of a magnetic field on a Flint Glass for optical isolator applications has been reported. A flint glass and a laser light source with a wavelength of 650nm were used as a medium and a light source, respectively. The magnetic field was produced by applying a current through a coil. The linearly polarized light was passed through the medium in the presence of a magnetic field, and the angle of rotation was measured. The angle of rotation was plotted versus magnetic field strength and fitted linearly. The experimental results showed that the flint glass becomes optically active in the presence of a magnetic field because it rotates the plane of linearly polarized light, and this rotation increases with respect to the magnetic field linearly. The Verdet constant was calculated for 650nm, which is a large coefficient for the rotation of the plane of polarized light.
{"title":"The Investigating of the Effect of Magnetic Field on a Flint Glass for Optical Isolators Applications","authors":"Khudaidad Wasiq, Mohammad Tayeeb Qurdash","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of a magnetic field on a Flint Glass for optical isolator applications has been reported. A flint glass and a laser light source with a wavelength of 650nm were used as a medium and a light source, respectively. The magnetic field was produced by applying a current through a coil. The linearly polarized light was passed through the medium in the presence of a magnetic field, and the angle of rotation was measured. The angle of rotation was plotted versus magnetic field strength and fitted linearly. The experimental results showed that the flint glass becomes optically active in the presence of a magnetic field because it rotates the plane of linearly polarized light, and this rotation increases with respect to the magnetic field linearly. The Verdet constant was calculated for 650nm, which is a large coefficient for the rotation of the plane of polarized light.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115394563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.1
Astri Rozanah Siregar, Syafira Soraya, E. Sinaga
Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth. is a wild plant species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. These plants thrive in the peat swamp forest of Kalimantan, Indonesia. The stems of Uncaria callophylla have been used by the Dayak Ngaju tribe to treat various diseases and to restore stamina while they work in the forest. The present study was conducted to identify the secondary metabolites in the methanolic extract of Uncaria callohylla stems to increase the knowledge about this plant and its potential in medicinal applications and drug discovery. The analysis was conducted using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. GC-MS analysis was performed with the Agilent Technologies 7890 Gas Chromatography equipped with an Auto Sampler and 5975 Mass Selective Detector. The LC-MS analysis was carried out in the C18 column of the Waters Acquity UPLC system. MS analysis was performed with an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in positive and negative ion modes, and the compounds were identified using a UNIFI data processor with a mass spectrum library of natural active substances from the Waters Traditional Medical Scientific Library database based on UPLC/QTof MSE Data Acquisition. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 peaks, and nine of them showed quality 90% or higher, namely n-Hexadecanoic acid (16.63%), 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-Dihydro-1H-Purine-2,6-Dione (13.07%), Hexadecanoic Acid, Methyl Ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Diethyl Ester; 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid, Methyl Ester; Methyl 14-Methylheptadecanoate; (9E,12E)-9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid; Z, E-3,13-Octadecadien-1-o1; and 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexanethyl-, (all-E)-. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of five compounds, namely Arecatannin A1, Sweroside_2, Uncarine A, Epianhydrobelachinal, and Betulonic acid. All the secondary metabolites identified from GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis have biological activity, which indicates their medicinal potencies. From the result, it can be concluded that Uncaria callophylla stem methanolic extract contains various bioactive compounds justifies its traditional use, and therefore it can be developed further for new drug discovery.
鸡翅钩藤(Uncaria callophylla Blume)是茜草科的一种野生植物。这些植物在印度尼西亚加里曼丹的泥炭沼泽森林中茁壮成长。在达雅克·恩加朱部落，当他们在森林里工作时，钩藤的茎被用来治疗各种疾病和恢复体力。本研究旨在鉴定钩藤(Uncaria callohylla)茎甲醇提取物中的次生代谢物，以增加对该植物的认识及其在药用和药物开发方面的潜力。采用GC-MS和LC-MS/MS进行分析。采用配备自动进样器和5975质量选择检测器的Agilent Technologies 7890气相色谱仪进行GC-MS分析。采用Waters Acquity UPLC系统的C18柱进行LC-MS分析。采用电喷雾电离源(ESI)在正离子和负离子模式下进行质谱分析，采用UNIFI数据处理器和基于UPLC/QTof MSE数据采集的Waters Traditional Medical Scientific library数据库中的天然活性物质质谱库对化合物进行鉴定。GC-MS分析共发现24个峰，其中9个峰的质量为90%及以上，分别为正十六酸(16.63%)、1,3,7-三甲基-3,7-二氢- 1h -嘌呤-2,6-二酮(13.07%)、十六酸甲酯;1,2-苯二甲酸二乙酯;9,12-十八二烯酸甲酯;甲基14-Methylheptadecanoate;(9 e, 12 e) 9日12-Octadecadienoic酸;13-Octadecadien-1-o1 Z, e - 3;2,6、10、14、18、22-四碳六烯，2,6、10、15、19、23-己基-，(全e)-。LC-MS/MS分析结果显示，其中含有槟酒素A1、Sweroside_2、Uncarine A、Epianhydrobelachinal和桦木酸5种化合物。GC-MS和LC-MS/MS分析鉴定的次生代谢物均具有生物活性，说明其具有一定的药用价值。结果表明，甲壳钩藤茎甲醇提取物中含有多种生物活性成分，证明了其传统用途是合理的，因此可以进一步开发用于新药开发。
{"title":"GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in the Methanolic Extract of Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth. Stems","authors":"Astri Rozanah Siregar, Syafira Soraya, E. Sinaga","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth. is a wild plant species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. These plants thrive in the peat swamp forest of Kalimantan, Indonesia. The stems of Uncaria callophylla have been used by the Dayak Ngaju tribe to treat various diseases and to restore stamina while they work in the forest. The present study was conducted to identify the secondary metabolites in the methanolic extract of Uncaria callohylla stems to increase the knowledge about this plant and its potential in medicinal applications and drug discovery. The analysis was conducted using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. GC-MS analysis was performed with the Agilent Technologies 7890 Gas Chromatography equipped with an Auto Sampler and 5975 Mass Selective Detector. The LC-MS analysis was carried out in the C18 column of the Waters Acquity UPLC system. MS analysis was performed with an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in positive and negative ion modes, and the compounds were identified using a UNIFI data processor with a mass spectrum library of natural active substances from the Waters Traditional Medical Scientific Library database based on UPLC/QTof MSE Data Acquisition. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 peaks, and nine of them showed quality 90% or higher, namely n-Hexadecanoic acid (16.63%), 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-Dihydro-1H-Purine-2,6-Dione (13.07%), Hexadecanoic Acid, Methyl Ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Diethyl Ester; 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid, Methyl Ester; Methyl 14-Methylheptadecanoate; (9E,12E)-9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid; Z, E-3,13-Octadecadien-1-o1; and 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexanethyl-, (all-E)-. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of five compounds, namely Arecatannin A1, Sweroside_2, Uncarine A, Epianhydrobelachinal, and Betulonic acid. All the secondary metabolites identified from GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis have biological activity, which indicates their medicinal potencies. From the result, it can be concluded that Uncaria callophylla stem methanolic extract contains various bioactive compounds justifies its traditional use, and therefore it can be developed further for new drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123159974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.3
Mohammad Mohsen Hewadmal, Mujibullah Mahboob, Sayed Abdul Saboor Mosamem
In this paper, the bandgap of Germanium (Ge) and Zinc-Oxid (ZnO) materials were studied using two different techniques called the four-probe method and UV-Visible spectroscopy. A chip of Ge and a ZnO synthesized Nanorods on the FTO substrate were utilized as the samples. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were applied to understand the morphology and the crystal structure of the ZnO particles on the substrate. To get bandgap for Ge, the variation of voltage concerning temperature in current was recorded, and for ZnO- Nanorods (NRs), the absorption spectra in the range of (200-800) nm were taken. Based on obtained data and calculations, the band gap of Ge and ZnO-NRs were determined to be around and respectively. It revealed that the bandgap of compound semiconductors (ZnO- NRs) could be sufficiently large as compared to the elemental semiconductors (Ge), and through that, the modification of various devices is possible in the industry.
{"title":"The Study of ZnO-NRs and Ge-chips Bandgaps for the Elimination of Elemental Semiconductors and Compound Semiconductors Applications","authors":"Mohammad Mohsen Hewadmal, Mujibullah Mahboob, Sayed Abdul Saboor Mosamem","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the bandgap of Germanium (Ge) and Zinc-Oxid (ZnO) materials were studied using two different techniques called the four-probe method and UV-Visible spectroscopy. A chip of Ge and a ZnO synthesized Nanorods on the FTO substrate were utilized as the samples. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were applied to understand the morphology and the crystal structure of the ZnO particles on the substrate. To get bandgap for Ge, the variation of voltage concerning temperature in current was recorded, and for ZnO- Nanorods (NRs), the absorption spectra in the range of (200-800) nm were taken. Based on obtained data and calculations, the band gap of Ge and ZnO-NRs were determined to be around and respectively. It revealed that the bandgap of compound semiconductors (ZnO- NRs) could be sufficiently large as compared to the elemental semiconductors (Ge), and through that, the modification of various devices is possible in the industry.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131765967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.2
Dimas Laksana Yudharaputra, Sanggono Adisasmito
Methanol and ethanol can be produced from many kinds of feedstock. One of the most preferred methods to synthesize methanol is from natural gas, which is reformed to form synthesis gas (syngas) and converted by a catalyst to form methanol. Conversely, ethanol production mostly comes from biomass, which competes with human food fulfilment. Several pieces of literature conduct syngas transformation to ethanol to solve this problem. However, the experiment is conducted on a lab scale or pilot scale. Before the technology can be mass-produced on a plant scale, we must determine the most suitable operating condition for the reactor to escalate the reactor's productivity. This study is aimed to determine the optimal operating condition for the integrated methanol and ethanol plant, which is the reactors. The software used for the study is Aspen Plus V12.1. The independent variables for all the reactors in this study are the pressure (P) and the temperature (T). We add the feed molar flow ratio as the independent variable for the Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and the ethanol synthesis reactor. The dependent variable that will be used for the determination of the optimal operating condition of the reactors is the reactant conversion and the product yield. The data validation between the experimental data conducted by other authors and the process modeling result is in good agreement with less than 6% of error for all three reactors. After performing the process simulation and sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal operating condition for the reactors, it is found that the optimal operating condition for the reactors is as follows: (1) SMR reactor: 25 bar pressure, 1,223 K temperature, feed molar flow ratio (H2O/CH4 ratio) of 3, (2) methanol synthesis reactor: 100 bar pressure and 503 K temperature, and (3) ethanol synthesis reactor:110 bar pressure, 583 K temperature, and feed molar flow ratio (H2/CO ratio) of 0.75.
甲醇和乙醇可以由多种原料生产。合成甲醇最优选的方法之一是天然气，天然气经重整形成合成气(syngas)，再经催化剂转化生成甲醇。相反，乙醇生产主要来自生物质，这与人类的食物供应竞争。有几篇文献通过合成气转化为乙醇来解决这一问题。然而，该实验是在实验室规模或试点规模上进行的。在该技术可以在工厂规模上大规模生产之前，我们必须确定最适合反应堆的操作条件，以提高反应堆的生产率。本研究旨在确定甲醇乙醇一体化装置的最佳操作条件，即反应器。该研究使用的软件是Aspen Plus V12.1。本研究中所有反应器的自变量均为压力(P)和温度(T)，并将进料摩尔流量比作为蒸汽甲烷重整(SMR)和乙醇合成反应器的自变量。用于确定反应器最佳操作条件的因变量是反应物转化率和生成物收率。其他作者的实验数据与过程建模结果的数据验证吻合良好，三个反应器的误差均小于6%。通过过程模拟和灵敏度分析确定反应器的最佳运行条件，发现反应器的最佳运行条件为:(1)SMR反应器:压力25 bar，温度1223 K，进料摩尔流量比(H2O/CH4比)为3;(2)甲醇合成反应器:压力100 bar，温度503 K;(3)乙醇合成反应器:压力110 bar，温度583 K，进料摩尔流量比(H2/CO比)为0.75。
{"title":"Determination of the Optimum Operating Conditions for Integrated Methanol and Ethanol Plant from Natural Gas Reactors","authors":"Dimas Laksana Yudharaputra, Sanggono Adisasmito","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Methanol and ethanol can be produced from many kinds of feedstock. One of the most preferred methods to synthesize methanol is from natural gas, which is reformed to form synthesis gas (syngas) and converted by a catalyst to form methanol. Conversely, ethanol production mostly comes from biomass, which competes with human food fulfilment. Several pieces of literature conduct syngas transformation to ethanol to solve this problem. However, the experiment is conducted on a lab scale or pilot scale. Before the technology can be mass-produced on a plant scale, we must determine the most suitable operating condition for the reactor to escalate the reactor's productivity. This study is aimed to determine the optimal operating condition for the integrated methanol and ethanol plant, which is the reactors. The software used for the study is Aspen Plus V12.1. The independent variables for all the reactors in this study are the pressure (P) and the temperature (T). We add the feed molar flow ratio as the independent variable for the Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and the ethanol synthesis reactor. The dependent variable that will be used for the determination of the optimal operating condition of the reactors is the reactant conversion and the product yield. The data validation between the experimental data conducted by other authors and the process modeling result is in good agreement with less than 6% of error for all three reactors. After performing the process simulation and sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal operating condition for the reactors, it is found that the optimal operating condition for the reactors is as follows: (1) SMR reactor: 25 bar pressure, 1,223 K temperature, feed molar flow ratio (H2O/CH4 ratio) of 3, (2) methanol synthesis reactor: 100 bar pressure and 503 K temperature, and (3) ethanol synthesis reactor:110 bar pressure, 583 K temperature, and feed molar flow ratio (H2/CO ratio) of 0.75.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130715906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.1
Hanifa Nur Adilah, M. I. Saleh, Novia Deliasari Aliyya Az-Zahra, Eun-Mi Cho, E. Sinaga
Ziziphus mauritiana is a plant species belonging to the Rhamnaceae family. It is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, and in Indonesia, this plant grows wild and thrives on the islands of Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. The fruits of Z. mauritiana are edible, however, in Indonesia, it is underutilized and has very low economic value. To evaluate its possibility to be developed as a functional food, this study was conducted to determine the total phenolics and flavonoids, dietary fiber, and nutrients contained in the fruit juice of Ziziphus mauritiana. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the juice was evaluated using the DPPH method. The content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber was determined using the standard AOAC analysis method, and proximates analysis was conducted in accordance with SNI 01-2891-1992. The results of this study revealed that freeze-dried juice of Z. mauritiana fruit has total phenols content of 1690 mg GAE/100g, total flavonoids of 15.10 mg QE/100g, soluble dietary fiber of 0.61%, and insoluble dietary fiber 2.03%. However, the antioxidant activity of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice was weak with IC50 328.54 ppm. The proximate analysis revealed the crude fiber in the freeze-dried fruit juice was 0.56%, carbohydrates 82.43%, protein 3.34%, fats 0.31%, ash 3.62%, and water 10.30%. In conclusion, Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice has a high content of total phenolic substances, high dietary fiber, and high nutritional value, therefore it has a good potential to be developed as a functional food.
{"title":"Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Nutritional Profile of Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Juice","authors":"Hanifa Nur Adilah, M. I. Saleh, Novia Deliasari Aliyya Az-Zahra, Eun-Mi Cho, E. Sinaga","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ziziphus mauritiana is a plant species belonging to the Rhamnaceae family. It is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, and in Indonesia, this plant grows wild and thrives on the islands of Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. The fruits of Z. mauritiana are edible, however, in Indonesia, it is underutilized and has very low economic value. To evaluate its possibility to be developed as a functional food, this study was conducted to determine the total phenolics and flavonoids, dietary fiber, and nutrients contained in the fruit juice of Ziziphus mauritiana. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the juice was evaluated using the DPPH method. The content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber was determined using the standard AOAC analysis method, and proximates analysis was conducted in accordance with SNI 01-2891-1992. The results of this study revealed that freeze-dried juice of Z. mauritiana fruit has total phenols content of 1690 mg GAE/100g, total flavonoids of 15.10 mg QE/100g, soluble dietary fiber of 0.61%, and insoluble dietary fiber 2.03%. However, the antioxidant activity of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice was weak with IC50 328.54 ppm. The proximate analysis revealed the crude fiber in the freeze-dried fruit juice was 0.56%, carbohydrates 82.43%, protein 3.34%, fats 0.31%, ash 3.62%, and water 10.30%. In conclusion, Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice has a high content of total phenolic substances, high dietary fiber, and high nutritional value, therefore it has a good potential to be developed as a functional food.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131048332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.5
Emad A. S. Al-Hyali, Yosef Othman Al-Jobure
This study aims to develop a new set of added variables to calculate the chemical shift N-15 based on quantum mechanics methods for a number of periodic compounds using theoretical chemistry (Gaussian V.12, 2010). The relationship between the experimental N-15 was conducted with two mechanical variables, such as SPSS V 2019. The relationship between the theoretical chemical shift values of the N-15 atom nucleus and practical values in literature was examined. Two quantitative mechanical methods are used to extract information to calculate the N-15 chemical shift, the traditional method, the other AB Initio method, and the DFT job theory. The success of the method is determined in terms of the values of the correlation coefficient (R) and the standard error (SE), as well as the material meaning of the specified variables. A good consensus is seen between practical and theoretical values. A comparison was made between the two methods to find out the best in the chemical transformation account. The DFT method gave better results.
本研究旨在利用理论化学(Gaussian V.12, 2010)开发一组新的附加变量，以基于量子力学方法计算一些周期性化合物的化学位移N-15。实验N-15与SPSS V 2019等两个力学变量之间的关系。研究了N-15原子核的理论化学位移值与文献中实际值之间的关系。利用两种定量力学方法提取信息计算N-15化学位移，即传统方法、另一种AB Initio方法和DFT作业理论。该方法的成功与否取决于相关系数(R)和标准误差(SE)的取值，以及指定变量的物质意义。实践值与理论值有很好的一致性。对两种方法进行了比较，找出了化学转化解释的最佳方法。DFT方法得到了较好的结果。
{"title":"Calculation of the Chemical Shift of N-15 by Quantum Mechanics","authors":"Emad A. S. Al-Hyali, Yosef Othman Al-Jobure","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop a new set of added variables to calculate the chemical shift N-15 based on quantum mechanics methods for a number of periodic compounds using theoretical chemistry (Gaussian V.12, 2010). The relationship between the experimental N-15 was conducted with two mechanical variables, such as SPSS V 2019. The relationship between the theoretical chemical shift values of the N-15 atom nucleus and practical values in literature was examined. Two quantitative mechanical methods are used to extract information to calculate the N-15 chemical shift, the traditional method, the other AB Initio method, and the DFT job theory. The success of the method is determined in terms of the values of the correlation coefficient (R) and the standard error (SE), as well as the material meaning of the specified variables. A good consensus is seen between practical and theoretical values. A comparison was made between the two methods to find out the best in the chemical transformation account. The DFT method gave better results.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126306127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD). It is primarily characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxide, which is iron-dependent. Ferroptosis is essential for the treatment of tumors, renal failure, and ischemia reperfusion exposure (IRI). Ferroptosis and nanomedicine are now the subjects of intense study and clinical attention. There is, however, a limited amount of data on the precise molecular pathways behind ferroptosis and the contribution of nanoparticles. This work provides a thorough overview of ferroptosis, its regulations, and the various mechanisms by which iron- and non-iron-based nanoparticles potentially trigger ferroptosis in the context of cancer therapy. We investigated the most recent developments in ferroptosis research and nanoparticles as ferrotosis-inducing agents by performing extensive literature studies based on the notion of ferroptosis and cancer therapy and a thorough examination of various publications regarding nanoparticles. Our results suggest that tumor suppression and treatment efficacy can both be enhanced by ferroptosis triggered via nanoparticles. New ideas and viewpoints have also been put out for the treatment of ferroptosis-induced cancer, which will make a significant contribution to cancer therapy.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-induced Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy","authors":"Fiona Hammond Quarcoo, Gideon Appiah Kusi, Juliette C.N. Fouemina","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD). It is primarily characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxide, which is iron-dependent. Ferroptosis is essential for the treatment of tumors, renal failure, and ischemia reperfusion exposure (IRI). Ferroptosis and nanomedicine are now the subjects of intense study and clinical attention. There is, however, a limited amount of data on the precise molecular pathways behind ferroptosis and the contribution of nanoparticles. This work provides a thorough overview of ferroptosis, its regulations, and the various mechanisms by which iron- and non-iron-based nanoparticles potentially trigger ferroptosis in the context of cancer therapy. We investigated the most recent developments in ferroptosis research and nanoparticles as ferrotosis-inducing agents by performing extensive literature studies based on the notion of ferroptosis and cancer therapy and a thorough examination of various publications regarding nanoparticles. Our results suggest that tumor suppression and treatment efficacy can both be enhanced by ferroptosis triggered via nanoparticles. New ideas and viewpoints have also been put out for the treatment of ferroptosis-induced cancer, which will make a significant contribution to cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132384613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.3
Alvira Noer Effendi, Mardian Iswahyudi, Eun-Mi Cho, S. Kumala, E. Sinaga
Fruits are rich in fiber and antioxidant compounds that can prevent and treat health disorders related to oxidative stress caused by high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). Bouea macrophylla is a tropical fruit plant with edible juicy fruits. In this study, we conducted experiments to prove the effectiveness of B. macrophylla fruit juice (BMFJ) as an antioxidant agent in rats fed with HFHCD. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with HFHCD for 100 days and simultaneously orally supplemented with BMFJ. Atorvastatin was used as a positive control. At the end of the experiment, the blood and hepar were collected and assayed for malondialdehyde (MDA). The in vitro antioxidant activity of BMFJ was also evaluated using the DPPH method. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. Results of the experiments showed that total phenols and flavonoids in BMFJ were 570 mg GAE/g and 31.89 mg QE/g, respectively, and the IC50 of radical scavenging activity was 564.271 ppm. The in vivo antioxidant evaluation showed that supplementation of BMFJ significantly prevents the increase of MDA levels, both in serum and liver of rats fed with HFHCD. These findings clearly indicate that supplementation of B. macrophylla fruit juice significantly prevents oxidative stress in rats fed with high-fat high-cholesterol diets through attenuation of lipid peroxidation.
{"title":"Supplementation of Bouea macrophylla Fruit Juice Prevent Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed with High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet through Attenuation of Lipid Peroxidation","authors":"Alvira Noer Effendi, Mardian Iswahyudi, Eun-Mi Cho, S. Kumala, E. Sinaga","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits are rich in fiber and antioxidant compounds that can prevent and treat health disorders related to oxidative stress caused by high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). Bouea macrophylla is a tropical fruit plant with edible juicy fruits. In this study, we conducted experiments to prove the effectiveness of B. macrophylla fruit juice (BMFJ) as an antioxidant agent in rats fed with HFHCD. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with HFHCD for 100 days and simultaneously orally supplemented with BMFJ. Atorvastatin was used as a positive control. At the end of the experiment, the blood and hepar were collected and assayed for malondialdehyde (MDA). The in vitro antioxidant activity of BMFJ was also evaluated using the DPPH method. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. Results of the experiments showed that total phenols and flavonoids in BMFJ were 570 mg GAE/g and 31.89 mg QE/g, respectively, and the IC50 of radical scavenging activity was 564.271 ppm. The in vivo antioxidant evaluation showed that supplementation of BMFJ significantly prevents the increase of MDA levels, both in serum and liver of rats fed with HFHCD. These findings clearly indicate that supplementation of B. macrophylla fruit juice significantly prevents oxidative stress in rats fed with high-fat high-cholesterol diets through attenuation of lipid peroxidation.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122598375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.2
Syafira Soraya, E. Sukara, E. Sinaga
Ziziphus mauritiana is an edible fruiting plant commonly found in Asia. In Indonesia, this plant grows wild and thrives on the islands of Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa. Although it is edible and has good potential as food and medicinal ingredient, in Indonesia, the fruits of Z. mauritiana are underutilized and have almost no economic value. Information about the bioactivity and chemical content of the fruit is limited. To evaluate its possibility of being developed as functional food, a GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out to identify the phytochemical content of the fruit juice. From the GC-MS chromatogram, four compounds were identified with a quality match of 85% and above. The compounds were 5-( hydroxymethyl)-2–furancarboxaldehyde (43.45%), 5, 5'-(oxybis(methylene)) bis-2- furancarbox-aldehyde (25.99%), 2,3–dihydro-3,5–dihydroxy–6–methyl-4H–pyran–4-one (6.05%), and hexadecanoic acid (2.16%). The result of the LC-MS/MS analysis showed 42 peaks of different chemical compounds and included several groups of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, and organic acids. From these results, it can be concluded that Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice contains various chemical compounds that are likely to have medicinal activity and therefore has good potential to be used and developed as a functional food.
{"title":"Identification of Chemical Compounds in Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Juice by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis","authors":"Syafira Soraya, E. Sukara, E. Sinaga","doi":"10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Ziziphus mauritiana is an edible fruiting plant commonly found in Asia. In Indonesia, this plant grows wild and thrives on the islands of Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa. Although it is edible and has good potential as food and medicinal ingredient, in Indonesia, the fruits of Z. mauritiana are underutilized and have almost no economic value. Information about the bioactivity and chemical content of the fruit is limited. To evaluate its possibility of being developed as functional food, a GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out to identify the phytochemical content of the fruit juice. From the GC-MS chromatogram, four compounds were identified with a quality match of 85% and above. The compounds were 5-( hydroxymethyl)-2–furancarboxaldehyde (43.45%), 5, 5'-(oxybis(methylene)) bis-2- furancarbox-aldehyde (25.99%), 2,3–dihydro-3,5–dihydroxy–6–methyl-4H–pyran–4-one (6.05%), and hexadecanoic acid (2.16%). The result of the LC-MS/MS analysis showed 42 peaks of different chemical compounds and included several groups of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, and organic acids. From these results, it can be concluded that Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice contains various chemical compounds that are likely to have medicinal activity and therefore has good potential to be used and developed as a functional food.","PeriodicalId":127127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129320247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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