In this report we present the up-to-date knowledge acquired in the design and manufacturing of inexpensive, high efficiency, holographic optical elements (HOE) such as focusing lenses, beam-splitters, lens arrays and integrated holographic optics for specific technical applications. One such application is the development and manufacturing of an integrated Laser-Doppler optics which contains several HOE. The holograms are generated in dichromated gelatin layers and exhibit very high diffraction efficiencies (98%). The resulting Laser--Doppler measuring volume is characterized by excellent optical quality and high S/N ratio.
{"title":"Development Of High Efficiency Holographic Optical Elements","authors":"C. G. Stojanoff, W. Windeln","doi":"10.1117/12.941614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941614","url":null,"abstract":"In this report we present the up-to-date knowledge acquired in the design and manufacturing of inexpensive, high efficiency, holographic optical elements (HOE) such as focusing lenses, beam-splitters, lens arrays and integrated holographic optics for specific technical applications. One such application is the development and manufacturing of an integrated Laser-Doppler optics which contains several HOE. The holograms are generated in dichromated gelatin layers and exhibit very high diffraction efficiencies (98%). The resulting Laser--Doppler measuring volume is characterized by excellent optical quality and high S/N ratio.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127344179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The holographic recording properties, in particular response time, of the photorefractive materials GaAs and BSO are experimentally analysed and compared. The results from two Fourier based optical image processing systems are presented.
{"title":"Optical Image Processing In GaAs And BSO","authors":"N. Aldridge","doi":"10.1117/12.941604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941604","url":null,"abstract":"The holographic recording properties, in particular response time, of the photorefractive materials GaAs and BSO are experimentally analysed and compared. The results from two Fourier based optical image processing systems are presented.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129164917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The investigation of the photorefractive properties in various sillenite crystals (Bil2Si020 - Bil2Ge020) is presented. While in some crystals we find a photorefractive effect governed by electron migration as commonly admitted, we, for the first time, demonstrate that holes play the most important role in the grating recording process in some EGO samples. Thus controlling the charge carrier responsible for the photorefractive effect might lead to an optimisation of the material properties for device design.
{"title":"Photorefractive Effect Due To Holes In Undoped BGO Crystals","authors":"G. Pauliat, M. Allain, J. Launay, G. Roosen","doi":"10.1117/12.941601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941601","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of the photorefractive properties in various sillenite crystals (Bil2Si020 - Bil2Ge020) is presented. While in some crystals we find a photorefractive effect governed by electron migration as commonly admitted, we, for the first time, demonstrate that holes play the most important role in the grating recording process in some EGO samples. Thus controlling the charge carrier responsible for the photorefractive effect might lead to an optimisation of the material properties for device design.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125318050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analytical method for the design of holographic optical elements (HOE) for focussing laser scanners with minimum aberrations and optimum scan line definition is reported. It can be shown analytically, using second order (paraxial) approximation, that a circular motion of the HOE cannot generate a straight line in space without astigmatism of the focal spot. Accepting a slightly curved scan line, the astigmatism can be compensated. Experimental results for HOE with a wavelength shift between recording and reconstruction are demonstrated. The required aspherical wavefronts for the recording are realized with the help of computer generated holograms (CGH).
{"title":"Design Rules For Holographic Optical Scanning Elements","authors":"H. Herzig, R. Dandliker","doi":"10.1117/12.941620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941620","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method for the design of holographic optical elements (HOE) for focussing laser scanners with minimum aberrations and optimum scan line definition is reported. It can be shown analytically, using second order (paraxial) approximation, that a circular motion of the HOE cannot generate a straight line in space without astigmatism of the focal spot. Accepting a slightly curved scan line, the astigmatism can be compensated. Experimental results for HOE with a wavelength shift between recording and reconstruction are demonstrated. The required aspherical wavefronts for the recording are realized with the help of computer generated holograms (CGH).","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129459251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose an holographic method for the compression or shaping of optical pulses broadened by group velocity dispersion. The hologram is made in a photorefractive material by the interference of the broadened pulse and the corresponding Fourier transform limited pulse. In read-out the compressed pulse is reconstructed by diffraction.
{"title":"Optical Pulse Compression By An Holographic Method","authors":"R. Grousson, M. Roblin, F. Gires, P. Lavallard","doi":"10.1117/12.941629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941629","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an holographic method for the compression or shaping of optical pulses broadened by group velocity dispersion. The hologram is made in a photorefractive material by the interference of the broadened pulse and the corresponding Fourier transform limited pulse. In read-out the compressed pulse is reconstructed by diffraction.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121404203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different computational techniques were used to simulate thermal characteristics of nodal points on substrate chips. Multiple distributed thermal disturbances were investigated through thermal resistance calculations among the substrate surface. The simulated results for multiple heat sources are similar to those experimented.
{"title":"Simulation Of Thermal Characteristics Of Substrates","authors":"N. M. Shaalan, Ashraf H. Yahia","doi":"10.1117/12.941630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941630","url":null,"abstract":"Different computational techniques were used to simulate thermal characteristics of nodal points on substrate chips. Multiple distributed thermal disturbances were investigated through thermal resistance calculations among the substrate surface. The simulated results for multiple heat sources are similar to those experimented.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"0812 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129069891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A two-step holographic process is presented where first step is recording of contiguous object slices at correspondingly ordered plate stripes. The second holographic recording is made out of the real pseudoscopic reconstruction after the first hologram. Illumination of the final hologram with a conjugate white light beam produces a rainbow presentation where colors encode the object depth contouring.
{"title":"Rainbow Contouring By Holographic Multiplexing","authors":"G. Molesini, F. Quercioli","doi":"10.1117/12.941627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941627","url":null,"abstract":"A two-step holographic process is presented where first step is recording of contiguous object slices at correspondingly ordered plate stripes. The second holographic recording is made out of the real pseudoscopic reconstruction after the first hologram. Illumination of the final hologram with a conjugate white light beam produces a rainbow presentation where colors encode the object depth contouring.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133307484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holographic optical elements (HOEs)are more and more commonly used in all kind of optical design. When used in interferometry, holographic optics not only make it possible to avoid the use of expensive optical precision components, but allow under certain conditions a "holographic null correction" for all optical aberrations. In OIP, a holographic interferometer was built with the aim of studying transparent media. Convection phenomena in transparent fluida can be observed in real time; when using a complementary pair of lenses, deviations of a copy lens from a master one can be visualized. The interferometer can have a rather large visualization area (almost 100mm x 100mm), and has the possibility to zoom in onto the object. The image may be visualized by means of a CCD-camera. The interferometer operates entirely with HOE-technology, no conventional lens or beamsplitter is used, with exception for the microscope objective to produce a diverging laser beam. Four HOEs in dichromated gelatine are used to realize interferograms in a Mach-Zehnder configuration. The first acts as a holographic beamsplitter to produce a reference and an object beam; the second and the third are diffraction elements which convert the diverging object beam into a collimated one and back into a converging beam. On the last HOE a rest pattern has been recorded. The interference of an "active" object beam with the holographic "reconstructed" one produces the real-time interferogram corrected for optical aberrations of the system. The interferometer operates with an Ar-laser (λ=514nm) at this moment but will be modified to operate with a small built-in HeNe-laser.
{"title":"A Holographic Interferometer For The Study Of Transparent Media","authors":"E. Vanhoecke","doi":"10.1117/12.941631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941631","url":null,"abstract":"Holographic optical elements (HOEs)are more and more commonly used in all kind of optical design. When used in interferometry, holographic optics not only make it possible to avoid the use of expensive optical precision components, but allow under certain conditions a \"holographic null correction\" for all optical aberrations. In OIP, a holographic interferometer was built with the aim of studying transparent media. Convection phenomena in transparent fluida can be observed in real time; when using a complementary pair of lenses, deviations of a copy lens from a master one can be visualized. The interferometer can have a rather large visualization area (almost 100mm x 100mm), and has the possibility to zoom in onto the object. The image may be visualized by means of a CCD-camera. The interferometer operates entirely with HOE-technology, no conventional lens or beamsplitter is used, with exception for the microscope objective to produce a diverging laser beam. Four HOEs in dichromated gelatine are used to realize interferograms in a Mach-Zehnder configuration. The first acts as a holographic beamsplitter to produce a reference and an object beam; the second and the third are diffraction elements which convert the diverging object beam into a collimated one and back into a converging beam. On the last HOE a rest pattern has been recorded. The interference of an \"active\" object beam with the holographic \"reconstructed\" one produces the real-time interferogram corrected for optical aberrations of the system. The interferometer operates with an Ar-laser (λ=514nm) at this moment but will be modified to operate with a small built-in HeNe-laser.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123960574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider optimization of phase functions of computer generated holograms used in conjunction with ordinary optical elements to reduce the aberrations of monocromatic optical systems. We develop matrix methods that are useful in first-order design of holographic optical systems, and in analysis and optimization of these systems for narrow laser beams, for which geometrical optics is not applicable. We also report experiences on optimization of phase functions by geometrical ray tracing with the aid of damped least squares algorithm. Design examples contain various telescope systems, in which the holographic secondary elements correct aberrations induced by the glass primary.
{"title":"Holographic Secondaries In Telescopes","authors":"J. Turunen, M. Kajanto","doi":"10.1117/12.941621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941621","url":null,"abstract":"We consider optimization of phase functions of computer generated holograms used in conjunction with ordinary optical elements to reduce the aberrations of monocromatic optical systems. We develop matrix methods that are useful in first-order design of holographic optical systems, and in analysis and optimization of these systems for narrow laser beams, for which geometrical optics is not applicable. We also report experiences on optimization of phase functions by geometrical ray tracing with the aid of damped least squares algorithm. Design examples contain various telescope systems, in which the holographic secondary elements correct aberrations induced by the glass primary.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126308257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiplexing techniques can be applied in 3D imaging to record the shape of 3D objects on 2D pictures taken from different directions. These pictures may be obtained from still cameras, TV-cameras or medical imaging systems such as computer-tomographs. A simulation of 3D objects by 2D perspective views generated by means of computer graphic methods is possible too. From these data true 3D images can be procreated by hologram synthesizing techniques. In this paper multiplexing techniques for recording of 3D objects and for synthesizing of holograms are discussed. Proposals are given for recording of 3D scenes by large diameter telescope-type imaging systems applying multiple lens cameras. Suggestions are made for an optoelectronic synthesis of still and animated holograms based on photo emulsions and optoelectronic holograms respectively. Two synthesizing methods are described: an optical synthesis utilizing 2D perspective views and a synthesis based on calculating and writing of the interference pattern onto the hologram. The 2D pictures and interference pattern are procreated by optoelectronic light valves. The hologram plate consists of photoemulsions for still holograms. For animated holograms very-high-resolution optoelectronic spatial light modulators are considered. Possible types of light modulators and light valves which can be used for the real-time holographic imaging system are discussed. It is shown that animated holographic 3D images can be obtained, if the optoelectronic light modulators are available.
{"title":"Real-Time Holographic 3D Imaging Based On Multiplexng Technqiues And Optoelectronics Holograms","authors":"Elmar Schulze","doi":"10.1117/12.941625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.941625","url":null,"abstract":"Multiplexing techniques can be applied in 3D imaging to record the shape of 3D objects on 2D pictures taken from different directions. These pictures may be obtained from still cameras, TV-cameras or medical imaging systems such as computer-tomographs. A simulation of 3D objects by 2D perspective views generated by means of computer graphic methods is possible too. From these data true 3D images can be procreated by hologram synthesizing techniques. In this paper multiplexing techniques for recording of 3D objects and for synthesizing of holograms are discussed. Proposals are given for recording of 3D scenes by large diameter telescope-type imaging systems applying multiple lens cameras. Suggestions are made for an optoelectronic synthesis of still and animated holograms based on photo emulsions and optoelectronic holograms respectively. Two synthesizing methods are described: an optical synthesis utilizing 2D perspective views and a synthesis based on calculating and writing of the interference pattern onto the hologram. The 2D pictures and interference pattern are procreated by optoelectronic light valves. The hologram plate consists of photoemulsions for still holograms. For animated holograms very-high-resolution optoelectronic spatial light modulators are considered. Possible types of light modulators and light valves which can be used for the real-time holographic imaging system are discussed. It is shown that animated holographic 3D images can be obtained, if the optoelectronic light modulators are available.","PeriodicalId":127161,"journal":{"name":"Hague International Symposium","volume":"1987 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131088885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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