Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.5
Tomasz Koniarz, M. Tarnawski, A. Baran
Ecological and geochemical indicators have been widely accepted as tools with the potential for rapid risk assessment of metal contamination of bottom sediments. In this study, we propose a selection of such indicators to characterize the potential ecological risks stemming from metal contamination of the bottom sediments of the Chechło reservoir (S Poland). The Chechło reservoir is located in an area formerly occupied by zinc and lead ore mining and processing industry. High amounts of metals, especially zinc (39.37–4772.00 mg/kg d.m.), cadmium (0.37–21.13 mg/kg d.m.) and lead (4.50–434.49 mg/kg d.m.) have been found in the bottom sediments. Both geochemical (CD – contamination degree) and ecological indices (mean PECQ) were indicative of bottom sediment contamination and their potential toxicity to living organisms. Most of the bottom sediment samples (71%) examined were toxic for Heterocypris incongruens, while only 9% of the samples were toxic to Sinapis alba. However, no significant correlations between the metal content and the response of the test organisms were observed. Correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) showed that silt and clay fractions were the key factors influencing the metal content in the sediments. Our study makes a contribution to building evidence of the need to integrate several indices for the assessment of environmental risks related to the presence of metals in bottom sediments rather than relying on a single one.
{"title":"Geochemistry indices and biotests as useful tools in the assessment of the degree of sediment contamination by metals","authors":"Tomasz Koniarz, M. Tarnawski, A. Baran","doi":"10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological and geochemical indicators have been widely accepted as tools with the potential for rapid risk assessment of metal contamination of bottom sediments. In this study, we propose a selection of such indicators to characterize the potential ecological risks stemming from metal contamination of the bottom sediments of the Chechło reservoir (S Poland). The Chechło reservoir is located in an area formerly occupied by zinc and lead ore mining and processing industry. High amounts of metals, especially zinc (39.37–4772.00 mg/kg d.m.), cadmium (0.37–21.13 mg/kg d.m.) and lead (4.50–434.49 mg/kg d.m.) have been found in the bottom sediments. Both geochemical (CD – contamination degree) and ecological indices (mean PECQ) were indicative of bottom sediment contamination and their potential toxicity to living organisms. Most of the bottom sediment samples (71%) examined were toxic for Heterocypris incongruens, while only 9% of the samples were toxic to Sinapis alba. However, no significant correlations between the metal content and the response of the test organisms were observed. Correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) showed that silt and clay fractions were the key factors influencing the metal content in the sediments. Our study makes a contribution to building evidence of the need to integrate several indices for the assessment of environmental risks related to the presence of metals in bottom sediments rather than relying on a single one.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81381457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.37
Md Abdullah Salman, Md Saleh Shakeel Nomaan, Ayon Saha
A unique, consistent, and uniform earthquake catalog is crucial for assessing seismic hazards in any locality. This study aims at compiling and processing a better uniform earthquake catalog, using this catalog to identify the probable subduction zone, and assessing seismicity parameters for Bangladesh. The study area is bounded by the geographical limits 16–29°N and 86–96°E. It includes a sum of 48,342 events which are compiled as 1.0 to 8.5 magnitudes (MW) and time period from 1548 to 2020 yrs. Uniformization is made between the body, surface wave, and moment magnitude scales to unify the catalog in terms of MW. For seismic hazard assessment or prediction studies, this catalog comprises earthquake events from Bangladesh and adjoining regions. The assessed MC obtained is around 4.0–5.0, which leads to a, b value varying between 0.71–1.12 and an a value varying between 4.85–7.12. The findings show that the MC is lower at the border of the Chittagong-Sylhet through Hill tracts than the northern part of the area with an MC 4.5–5.0 and a, b value close to 1.00. The results indicate that the study area is a seismically highly active zone in the context of seismicity parameters. Finally, the compiled catalog, seismicity of the area and a probable deformation front are presented and are recommended for use in assessing seismic hazard analysis in Bangladesh.
{"title":"An updated earthquake catalog for Bangladesh: an attempt at a seismic risk evaluation","authors":"Md Abdullah Salman, Md Saleh Shakeel Nomaan, Ayon Saha","doi":"10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"A unique, consistent, and uniform earthquake catalog is crucial for assessing seismic hazards in any locality. This study aims at compiling and processing a better uniform earthquake catalog, using this catalog to identify the probable subduction zone, and assessing seismicity parameters for Bangladesh. The study area is bounded by the geographical limits 16–29°N and 86–96°E. It includes a sum of 48,342 events which are compiled as 1.0 to 8.5 magnitudes (MW) and time period from 1548 to 2020 yrs. Uniformization is made between the body, surface wave, and moment magnitude scales to unify the catalog in terms of MW. For seismic hazard assessment or prediction studies, this catalog comprises earthquake events from Bangladesh and adjoining regions. The assessed MC obtained is around 4.0–5.0, which leads to a, b value varying between 0.71–1.12 and an a value varying between 4.85–7.12. The findings show that the MC is lower at the border of the Chittagong-Sylhet through Hill tracts than the northern part of the area with an MC 4.5–5.0 and a, b value close to 1.00. The results indicate that the study area is a seismically highly active zone in the context of seismicity parameters. Finally, the compiled catalog, seismicity of the area and a probable deformation front are presented and are recommended for use in assessing seismic hazard analysis in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76630451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.19
Agata Pyrda
In the Western Carpathians, clear evidence of the Pleistocene glaciations only occurs in two mountain massifs – the Tatra and Low Tatra Mountains. The Low Tatra Mountains (2043 m a.s.l.), contrary to the higher and more strongly glaciated Tatra Mountains (2654 m a.s.l.), have previously been much less attractive for scientific research. Hence, in these mountains, both glacial landforms and chronology, together with a detailed reconstruction of glacier geometry and resulted equilibrium line altitude (ELA), are poorly documented. The aim of this paper is to characterize the glacial relief and reconstruction of geometry and ELA of the Zadná voda glacier in the Demänovská Valley system which belongs to the category of the largest Pleistocene glaciers on the northern slope of the Low Tatra Mountains. The mapping results show that a freshly shaped, massive terminal moraine of maximal ice extent (MIE, likely formed during the global Last Glacial Maximum – LGM) occurs 4.3 km distance down-valley from the glacial cirque backwalls. There is no evidence of deposits from older glaciations beyond the terminal moraine down the valley. The terminal zone of the MIE features a fresh morainic landscape with hummocky topography with kettle hollows and the only known morainic lake in the Low Tatra Mountains – Vrbické pleso. During the MIE, the Zadná voda glacier covered 7 km2 of the area and featured a mean thickness of 48 m. The ELA of this glacier was 1433 m, determined by the area-altitude balance ratio (AABR) 1.6 method, which is a similar value to the LGM ELA calculated in the Western Tatra Mountains. The recessional stages were only recognized in the cirques area, where one or two generations of debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers mark the final deglaciation of the study area.
{"title":"Glacial geomorphology and Pleistocene glacier reconstruction in the Demänovská Valley, Low Tatra Mountains, Slovakia","authors":"Agata Pyrda","doi":"10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2023.49.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"In the Western Carpathians, clear evidence of the Pleistocene glaciations only occurs in two mountain massifs – the Tatra and Low Tatra Mountains. The Low Tatra Mountains (2043 m a.s.l.), contrary to the higher and more strongly glaciated Tatra Mountains (2654 m a.s.l.), have previously been much less attractive for scientific research. Hence, in these mountains, both glacial landforms and chronology, together with a detailed reconstruction of glacier geometry and resulted equilibrium line altitude (ELA), are poorly documented. The aim of this paper is to characterize the glacial relief and reconstruction of geometry and ELA of the Zadná voda glacier in the Demänovská Valley system which belongs to the category of the largest Pleistocene glaciers on the northern slope of the Low Tatra Mountains. The mapping results show that a freshly shaped, massive terminal moraine of maximal ice extent (MIE, likely formed during the global Last Glacial Maximum – LGM) occurs 4.3 km distance down-valley from the glacial cirque backwalls. There is no evidence of deposits from older glaciations beyond the terminal moraine down the valley. The terminal zone of the MIE features a fresh morainic landscape with hummocky topography with kettle hollows and the only known morainic lake in the Low Tatra Mountains – Vrbické pleso. During the MIE, the Zadná voda glacier covered 7 km2 of the area and featured a mean thickness of 48 m. The ELA of this glacier was 1433 m, determined by the area-altitude balance ratio (AABR) 1.6 method, which is a similar value to the LGM ELA calculated in the Western Tatra Mountains. The recessional stages were only recognized in the cirques area, where one or two generations of debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers mark the final deglaciation of the study area.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"337 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84100076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.279
B. Thien, Bounthavy Sosamphanh, Bounheuang Yachongtou, V. T. Phuong
In this study, land use/land cover (LULC) changes were identified in AngYai Village, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane Capital, Laos, from 2015 to 2020 using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Topographic maps and Google Earth Pro satellite imagery data were used with ArcGIS 10.8 software to map land use fluctuations. The study area was classified into the six main types of LULC (agricultural, builtup, forest, main roads, waste land, and water bodies) based on field research, geographical conditions, and RS data. The results indicated sizeable increases in the built-up, main roads, and especially waste land areas over the study period. The forest and agricultural land areas decreased during the study period, possibly due to increased urbanization rates, nomadic cultivation, and indiscriminate deforestation in the study area. The river area was affected by the construction of hydroelectric dams and by the climate, leading to the drying up of water sources and causing water body areas to decrease to some extent.
{"title":"Land use/land cover changes in the period of 2015–2020 in AngYai Village, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR","authors":"B. Thien, Bounthavy Sosamphanh, Bounheuang Yachongtou, V. T. Phuong","doi":"10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.279","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, land use/land cover (LULC) changes were identified in AngYai Village, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane Capital, Laos, from 2015 to 2020 using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Topographic maps and Google Earth Pro satellite imagery data were used with ArcGIS 10.8 software to map land use fluctuations. The study area was classified into the six main types of LULC (agricultural, builtup, forest, main roads, waste land, and water bodies) based on field research, geographical conditions, and RS data. The results indicated sizeable increases in the built-up, main roads, and especially waste land areas over the study period. The forest and agricultural land areas decreased during the study period, possibly due to increased urbanization rates, nomadic cultivation, and indiscriminate deforestation in the study area. The river area was affected by the construction of hydroelectric dams and by the climate, leading to the drying up of water sources and causing water body areas to decrease to some extent.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90471548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.257
Agata Jurkowska, Ewa Świerczewska‐Gładysz
The opoka is a carbonate-siliceous marine sedimentary rock, forming a thick succession of Upper Cretaceous age in Poland and in other regions of Europe. This rock has been studied for over 150 years, but only the use of modern analytical techniques enables for the formulation of its mineralogical definition, which identifiesthe distinct features of opoka and allows it to be distinguished from other rocks (e.g. chalk, gaize). Parallel to the petrographic research on opoka, its palaeobathymetric interpretations, which were based on the palaeotectonic models of Danish-Polish Trough inversion has been revised. Depending on the model of palaeotectonic history, opoka has been interpreted as a deep-water or shallow facies, without detailed petrographic studies of its mineralogical composition. The paper presents various aspects of opoka, including history of the term, nomenclature, mineralogical composition, microtexture and palaeoecological significance of Cretaceous opoka. New data which permit precise definition of this rock term, and its mineralogical composition are discussed in the light of palaeoecological reconstructions, bathymetry and existing models of opoka distribution.
{"title":"Opoka – a mysterious carbonate-siliceous rock: an overview of general concepts","authors":"Agata Jurkowska, Ewa Świerczewska‐Gładysz","doi":"10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.257","url":null,"abstract":"The opoka is a carbonate-siliceous marine sedimentary rock, forming a thick succession of Upper Cretaceous age in Poland and in other regions of Europe. This rock has been studied for over 150 years, but only the use of modern analytical techniques enables for the formulation of its mineralogical definition, which identifiesthe distinct features of opoka and allows it to be distinguished from other rocks (e.g. chalk, gaize). Parallel to the petrographic research on opoka, its palaeobathymetric interpretations, which were based on the palaeotectonic models of Danish-Polish Trough inversion has been revised. Depending on the model of palaeotectonic history, opoka has been interpreted as a deep-water or shallow facies, without detailed petrographic studies of its mineralogical composition. The paper presents various aspects of opoka, including history of the term, nomenclature, mineralogical composition, microtexture and palaeoecological significance of Cretaceous opoka. New data which permit precise definition of this rock term, and its mineralogical composition are discussed in the light of palaeoecological reconstructions, bathymetry and existing models of opoka distribution.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75982749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.243
M. Waliczek, G. Machowski, M. Solecki, M. Stefaniuk
In this study, optical microscopic analyses were applied to evaluate the thermal maturity, characteristics of solid bitumen, and other organic matter finely dispersed in Oligocene shales of the Menilite Formation in the Iwonicz-Zdrój–Rudawka Rymanowska Fold (IRF) and Bóbrka–Rogi Fold (BRF) of the Central Carpathian Synclinorium of the Silesian Nappe, Outer Carpathians, Poland. The investigation was carried out at two-unit depths of the shallow and deeper D-1 sections (430 m – IRF and 4,300 m – BRF) and outcrop samples (BRF). The mean random huminite reflectance values indicate immature conditions with respect to hydrocarbon generation in samples from the D-1 shallow section (VRo≈0.40%) and in the outcrop samples (VRo=0.36%). The degree of thermal maturity of the organic matter from a depth of about 4,300 m – BRF based on random vitrinite (VRo≈0.80%) and solid bitumen (BRo≈0.65%) reflectance measurements is associated with the “oil window” for petroleum generation. The organic components dispersed in the examined Menilite Formation samples are typical for hydrocarbon-prone organic matter, suggesting the dominant kerogen type II. The potential precursor maceral for solid bitumen occurring in the examined samples from the deeper D-1 sections is largely the alginite maceral.
本文采用光学显微分析方法，对波兰外喀尔巴阡山脉西里西亚推覆体中喀尔巴阡向斜Iwonicz-Zdrój-Rudawka Rymanowska褶皱(IRF)和Bóbrka-Rogi褶皱(BRF)中Menilite组渐新世页岩的热成熟度、固体沥青和其他精细分散的有机质特征进行了评价。调查在D-1浅层和深部两个单位深度(430 m - IRF和4300 m - BRF)和露头样品(BRF)进行。D-1浅层样品(VRo≈0.40%)和露头样品(VRo=0.36%)的随机腐殖岩平均反射率值表明其生烃条件尚不成熟。基于随机镜质组(VRo≈0.80%)和固体沥青(BRo≈0.65%)反射率测量的深度约为4300 m - BRF的有机质热成熟度与产油的“油窗”有关。Menilite组样品中分散的有机成分具有典型的易烃有机质特征，表明干酪根主要为II型。在更深的D-1剖面所检测的样品中，固体沥青的潜在前驱显微组分主要是海藻酸盐显微组分。
{"title":"An evaluation of organic matter dispersed in the Menilite Formation in Silesian Nappe (Polish Outer Carpathians): an optical microscopic approach","authors":"M. Waliczek, G. Machowski, M. Solecki, M. Stefaniuk","doi":"10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.243","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, optical microscopic analyses were applied to evaluate the thermal maturity, characteristics of solid bitumen, and other organic matter finely dispersed in Oligocene shales of the Menilite Formation in the Iwonicz-Zdrój–Rudawka Rymanowska Fold (IRF) and Bóbrka–Rogi Fold (BRF) of the Central Carpathian Synclinorium of the Silesian Nappe, Outer Carpathians, Poland. The investigation was carried out at two-unit depths of the shallow and deeper D-1 sections (430 m – IRF and 4,300 m – BRF) and outcrop samples (BRF). The mean random huminite reflectance values indicate immature conditions with respect to hydrocarbon generation in samples from the D-1 shallow section (VRo≈0.40%) and in the outcrop samples (VRo=0.36%). The degree of thermal maturity of the organic matter from a depth of about 4,300 m – BRF based on random vitrinite (VRo≈0.80%) and solid bitumen (BRo≈0.65%) reflectance measurements is associated with the “oil window” for petroleum generation. The organic components dispersed in the examined Menilite Formation samples are typical for hydrocarbon-prone organic matter, suggesting the dominant kerogen type II. The potential precursor maceral for solid bitumen occurring in the examined samples from the deeper D-1 sections is largely the alginite maceral.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80685887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.319
Bernadetta Pasierb
A characteristic features of the geological structure of the Krakow area are tectonic horsts and grabens. The Zakrzówek Horst is one of the seven horst structures within the Krakow area, located in the south-western part of the area. It is built of Upper Jurassic limestones, where numerous karst caves have been developed. The caves of the Zakrzówek Horst probably form a system of interconnected caves. This hypothesis has been tested in the western region of the Zakrzówek Horst using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. The investigations were conducted in the parallel profile configuration as well as with the data processing procedure based on the 2D and 3D inversion. The results of these studies are an attempt to locate additional voids as well as fractured zones in the carbonate rock mass. The studies confirmed the hypothesis that the Jasna Cave is probably only a fragment of a vast cave system developed within the Zakrzówek Horst. As a result of the research carried out with the ERT method, the most prospective directions for future speleological research have been determined.
{"title":"The application of the 2D/3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method in investigating the carbonate karst of the Zakrzówek Horst","authors":"Bernadetta Pasierb","doi":"10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.319","url":null,"abstract":"A characteristic features of the geological structure of the Krakow area are tectonic horsts and grabens. The Zakrzówek Horst is one of the seven horst structures within the Krakow area, located in the south-western part of the area. It is built of Upper Jurassic limestones, where numerous karst caves have been developed. The caves of the Zakrzówek Horst probably form a system of interconnected caves. This hypothesis has been tested in the western region of the Zakrzówek Horst using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. The investigations were conducted in the parallel profile configuration as well as with the data processing procedure based on the 2D and 3D inversion. The results of these studies are an attempt to locate additional voids as well as fractured zones in the carbonate rock mass. The studies confirmed the hypothesis that the Jasna Cave is probably only a fragment of a vast cave system developed within the Zakrzówek Horst. As a result of the research carried out with the ERT method, the most prospective directions for future speleological research have been determined.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80873925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.287
D. Krzyszkowski, Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska, J. Skurzyński
The article presents the results of research from the Mokrzeszów site in the Sudetic Foreland. Lithopetrographic and sedimentological analyses of sediments from the Middle Polish Glaciations (Early Saalian, Odranian, MIS6) in this area indicate the overrepresentation (90–95%) of large Scandinavian erratics. The deposits, representing a repetitive sequence of Gp-Gms-Sp-Sh/Sr(Dmm) lithofacies, accumulated during at least two episodes of glacial outburst floods and six sedimentary cycles. High-energy flows are estimated for the Gms and Gp facies at about 5 m∙s−1 and low-energy flows indicate 0.8 m∙s−1 for the Sp/Sh/Sr facies, to the lack of flow (Fm). The sedimentary sequences confirm the existence of a fan, which may have originated as a subaqueous steep coarse-grained fan in glacial-flow-lake-outburst floods that formed between the ice sheet front and the morphotectonic edge of the Sudetic Marginal Fault line and within the Roztoka-Mokrzeszów Graben, or as an aerial, piedmont fan on the Sudetic Marginal Fault edge. The sediments show discontinuous deformations – gently sloping faults and fractures from glacioisostatic stresses. The fault activity is probably related to the reactivation of the faults due to ice loading during or after the older Saalian glaciation.
{"title":"An examination of the glaciomarginal fan of the Odranian glaciation at the Mokrzeszów site, Sudetic Foreland, SW Poland","authors":"D. Krzyszkowski, Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska, J. Skurzyński","doi":"10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.287","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research from the Mokrzeszów site in the Sudetic Foreland. Lithopetrographic and sedimentological analyses of sediments from the Middle Polish Glaciations (Early Saalian, Odranian, MIS6) in this area indicate the overrepresentation (90–95%) of large Scandinavian erratics. The deposits, representing a repetitive sequence of Gp-Gms-Sp-Sh/Sr(Dmm) lithofacies, accumulated during at least two episodes of glacial outburst floods and six sedimentary cycles. High-energy flows are estimated for the Gms and Gp facies at about 5 m∙s−1 and low-energy flows indicate 0.8 m∙s−1 for the Sp/Sh/Sr facies, to the lack of flow (Fm). The sedimentary sequences confirm the existence of a fan, which may have originated as a subaqueous steep coarse-grained fan in glacial-flow-lake-outburst floods that formed between the ice sheet front and the morphotectonic edge of the Sudetic Marginal Fault line and within the Roztoka-Mokrzeszów Graben, or as an aerial, piedmont fan on the Sudetic Marginal Fault edge. The sediments show discontinuous deformations – gently sloping faults and fractures from glacioisostatic stresses. The fault activity is probably related to the reactivation of the faults due to ice loading during or after the older Saalian glaciation.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73054261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.219
A. Przelaskowska, Urszula Zagórska, A. Urbaniec, G. Łykowska, J. Klaja, J. Grela, Katarzyna Kędracka
Heterolithic complexes from the Carpathian Foredeep are a subject of growing attention as many natural gas accumulations of industrial importance have been discovered in such formations during the last decades. The aim of the presented work was to determine lithotypes of different lithology and mineralogical composition in the heterolithic sequences. Individual lithotypes were distinguished of macroscopic observations of cores, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence method (XRF). Preliminary distinction of the lithotypes was based on macroscopic observations of the core samples. Correlation plots between the contents of particular minerals (XRD analyses) and corresponding elements (XRF analyses) were used for verification of the lithotypes distinguished on the basis of macroscopic observations. Swelling properties of the investigated rocks were determined using the cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. The following lithotypes were identified: medium- to fine-grained sandstones, fine- to very fine-grained sandstones, clayey sandstones, sand-dominated heteroliths, heteroliths with equal proportions of sandstones and mudstones, mud-dominated heteroliths, mudstones, clayey shales. Such division provides a basis for precise petrophysical characterization of the analyzed profiles, that is assignment of particular petrophysical parameters values to individual lithotypes. More reliable petrophysical parameters in the geophysical interpretation of heterolithic sequences allow for a more precise determination of zones characterized by good reservoir parameters.
{"title":"Mineralogical characteristics of the heterolithic formations from the Carpathian Foredeep Miocene sediments, south-eastern Poland","authors":"A. Przelaskowska, Urszula Zagórska, A. Urbaniec, G. Łykowska, J. Klaja, J. Grela, Katarzyna Kędracka","doi":"10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.3.219","url":null,"abstract":"Heterolithic complexes from the Carpathian Foredeep are a subject of growing attention as many natural gas accumulations of industrial importance have been discovered in such formations during the last decades. The aim of the presented work was to determine lithotypes of different lithology and mineralogical composition in the heterolithic sequences. Individual lithotypes were distinguished of macroscopic observations of cores, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence method (XRF). Preliminary distinction of the lithotypes was based on macroscopic observations of the core samples. Correlation plots between the contents of particular minerals (XRD analyses) and corresponding elements (XRF analyses) were used for verification of the lithotypes distinguished on the basis of macroscopic observations. Swelling properties of the investigated rocks were determined using the cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. The following lithotypes were identified: medium- to fine-grained sandstones, fine- to very fine-grained sandstones, clayey sandstones, sand-dominated heteroliths, heteroliths with equal proportions of sandstones and mudstones, mud-dominated heteroliths, mudstones, clayey shales. Such division provides a basis for precise petrophysical characterization of the analyzed profiles, that is assignment of particular petrophysical parameters values to individual lithotypes. More reliable petrophysical parameters in the geophysical interpretation of heterolithic sequences allow for a more precise determination of zones characterized by good reservoir parameters.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78406512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.7494/geol.2022.48.2.195
Michał Wilkosz
An open-source Python package is presented, ReMo3D, which allows the generation of synthetic normal and lateral resistivity logs for 2D and 3D models. The package is built around a finite element mesh generator Gmsh and a high-performance multiphysics finite element software Netgen/NGSolve and supports distributed-memory parallel computation. The examples included in the paper show that the developed software can accurately simulate the measurement process and produce detailed synthetic normal and lateral resistivity logs. In addition, basic information about normal and lateral tools such as tool configurations, measurement principles, nomenclature and a brief history of utilization is included in the paper.
{"title":"ReMo3D – an open-source Python package for 2D and 3D simulation of normal and lateral resistivity logs","authors":"Michał Wilkosz","doi":"10.7494/geol.2022.48.2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.2.195","url":null,"abstract":"An open-source Python package is presented, ReMo3D, which allows the generation of synthetic normal and lateral resistivity logs for 2D and 3D models. The package is built around a finite element mesh generator Gmsh and a high-performance multiphysics finite element software Netgen/NGSolve and supports distributed-memory parallel computation. The examples included in the paper show that the developed software can accurately simulate the measurement process and produce detailed synthetic normal and lateral resistivity logs. In addition, basic information about normal and lateral tools such as tool configurations, measurement principles, nomenclature and a brief history of utilization is included in the paper.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85981213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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