Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.1.57
A. Szmidt, Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska
The article is an attempt to find relations between geology and the dynamics of the Mesozoic surface of the Łodź Synclinorium, the Radomsko Elevation and the Belchatow Graben and the present relief on the border of the Polish Lowlands and Uplands in its central part. Fossil relief has been compared with the present one as related to the extent of the recession phases of the Saalian (Wartanian) ice-sheet. A significant convergence has been found between the Mesozoic surface plain and the main morphologic elements. The role of elevations and fossil valleys has been stressed as stable forms in the pre-Pleistocene and contemporary landscape. Also stressed has been the meaning of grabens and elevations enforcing longer stoppages of the Wartanian stadial of the Middle Polish Glaciations.
{"title":"Relations between present relief on the border of lowlands and highlands and geological structures of the Paleozoic Platform – a case study from central Poland","authors":"A. Szmidt, Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska","doi":"10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"The article is an attempt to find relations between geology and the dynamics of the Mesozoic surface of the Łodź Synclinorium, the Radomsko Elevation and the Belchatow Graben and the present relief on the border of the Polish Lowlands and Uplands in its central part. Fossil relief has been compared with the present one as related to the extent of the recession phases of the Saalian (Wartanian) ice-sheet. A significant convergence has been found between the Mesozoic surface plain and the main morphologic elements. The role of elevations and fossil valleys has been stressed as stable forms in the pre-Pleistocene and contemporary landscape. Also stressed has been the meaning of grabens and elevations enforcing longer stoppages of the Wartanian stadial of the Middle Polish Glaciations.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81953893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.1.5
M. Bała, A. Cichy, M. Wasilewska-Błaszczyk
This paper presents the attempts to calculate the pseudo-anisotropy of elastic parameters for the Silurian and Ordovician shale formations of several wells located in the Baltic basin. For this purpose, well-logging data were used, in particular data recorded with acoustic dipole tools. With the P and S waves velocities available, measured at the dipole setting in two orthogonal directions XX or YY (SFast and SSlow), the elastic e and γ parameters were calculated. In this paper we evaluate the effect of different factors e.g., porosity, clay and kerogen con-tent on the velocity of anisotropy shale gas formations. A geostatistical analysis of elastic and reservoir properties was carried out in order to determine the character of the variability of Silurian and Ordovician shale formations in all of the studied wells. Semivariograms for each well characterizing the variation of elastic parameters in the vertical direction were calculated.
{"title":"Attempts to calculate the pseudo-anisotropy of elastic parameters of shales gas formations based on well logging data and their geostatistical analysis","authors":"M. Bała, A. Cichy, M. Wasilewska-Błaszczyk","doi":"10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the attempts to calculate the pseudo-anisotropy of elastic parameters for the Silurian and Ordovician shale formations of several wells located in the Baltic basin. For this purpose, well-logging data were used, in particular data recorded with acoustic dipole tools. With the P and S waves velocities available, measured at the dipole setting in two orthogonal directions XX or YY (SFast and SSlow), the elastic e and γ parameters were calculated. In this paper we evaluate the effect of different factors e.g., porosity, clay and kerogen con-tent on the velocity of anisotropy shale gas formations. A geostatistical analysis of elastic and reservoir properties was carried out in order to determine the character of the variability of Silurian and Ordovician shale formations in all of the studied wells. Semivariograms for each well characterizing the variation of elastic parameters in the vertical direction were calculated.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89734846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.7494/geol.2019.45.3.195
Anna Kostka, M. Strzebońska, Maciej Sobczyk, M. Zakrzewska, A. Bochenek
The de-icing of roads and streets in the winter season is a necessity in many European countries, where the mean day temperature drops below 0°C for long periods. Among the many chemicals used for winter road maintenance, the most popular in Poland is sodium chloride in various forms and mixtures, due to its relatively low price and availability. This agent, however, contributes to the increase of salinity in the soil environment and may lead to disturbances in soil properties and premature plant necrosis. The impact of the usage of chloride salts on the soil environment was researched in Krakow’s city centre by means of the examination of soil samples collected prior to the de-icing season (November) and afterwards (February) as well as snow samples taken in February. A general deterioration of the examined parameters (pH, conductivity, chloride concentrations, carbonate concentrations) was observed after the winter season, but still the results for most samples did not pose a serious threat to the soil environment or plants. This was mainly the result of the fact that the winter seasons in European countries have become increasingly mild and warm, which contributes to decreased usage of chloride salts. However, the state of soils in the Main Square was disturbing, as demonstrated by the clearly elevated chemical parameters of samples, despite a ban on the use of salt in this area. These results indicate the most probable reason for the withering of trees growing there, leading to them being frequently replaced.
{"title":"The effect of de-icing roads with salt on the environment in Krakow (Poland)","authors":"Anna Kostka, M. Strzebońska, Maciej Sobczyk, M. Zakrzewska, A. Bochenek","doi":"10.7494/geol.2019.45.3.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.3.195","url":null,"abstract":"The de-icing of roads and streets in the winter season is a necessity in many European countries, where the mean day temperature drops below 0°C for long periods. Among the many chemicals used for winter road maintenance, the most popular in Poland is sodium chloride in various forms and mixtures, due to its relatively low price and availability. This agent, however, contributes to the increase of salinity in the soil environment and may lead to disturbances in soil properties and premature plant necrosis. The impact of the usage of chloride salts on the soil environment was researched in Krakow’s city centre by means of the examination of soil samples collected prior to the de-icing season (November) and afterwards (February) as well as snow samples taken in February. A general deterioration of the examined parameters (pH, conductivity, chloride concentrations, carbonate concentrations) was observed after the winter season, but still the results for most samples did not pose a serious threat to the soil environment or plants. This was mainly the result of the fact that the winter seasons in European countries have become increasingly mild and warm, which contributes to decreased usage of chloride salts. However, the state of soils in the Main Square was disturbing, as demonstrated by the clearly elevated chemical parameters of samples, despite a ban on the use of salt in this area. These results indicate the most probable reason for the withering of trees growing there, leading to them being frequently replaced.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87079391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.2.89
A. Zieliński, Mikołaj Łyskowski, E. Mazurkiewicz, Kinga Wiktoria Lubarska
{"title":"Burial crypts in solid rock – a geophysical case study of a small church with a unique polychrome in Szydłów (S Poland)","authors":"A. Zieliński, Mikołaj Łyskowski, E. Mazurkiewicz, Kinga Wiktoria Lubarska","doi":"10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/GEOL.2019.45.2.89","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83823961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.7494/geol.2019.45.1.45
Thanh Le Ngoc, Dung Nguyen Quang, Bac Nguyen Quang, Mien Nguyen Quang, Vu Nguyen Dan, Man Duong Ba, Chau Nguyen Dinh
{"title":"The contribution of geophysics to archaeology: a case study of an ancient canal of the Oc Eo culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","authors":"Thanh Le Ngoc, Dung Nguyen Quang, Bac Nguyen Quang, Mien Nguyen Quang, Vu Nguyen Dan, Man Duong Ba, Chau Nguyen Dinh","doi":"10.7494/geol.2019.45.1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.1.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83070382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.7494/geol.2019.45.3.183
Anna Wojas, T. Grabowska
The paper summarizes 50 years of research on relative local secular variations of the total magnetic intensity (TMI) along Zgorzelec-Wiżajny profile (Z-W profile) through the years 1966–2016. The Z-W profile (approximately 650 km length) cuts through Europe’s major tectonic units, including a zone of Variscan folds in the Paleozoic platform (PP), the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) and the Polish part of the East European Craton (EEC). Measurements of TMI were made at 31 sites of the profile and reduced to the base recordings at the Central Geophysical Observatory in Belsk. Based on linear approximations of relative geomagnetic field values changes in time, relative annual changes in time (relative secular variations) expressed in nanoteslas [nT] per year were calculated. The study on relative geomagnetic field values revealed slower secular variations of the geomagnetic field in EEC as compared to those in PP and TESZ. However, they show lower amplitudes of these variations. An interesting phenomenon are rapid changes in the time of the relative values (trends) of TMI starting from the year 2000, also expressed as the relative secular variations per year, particularly visible in PP area. In the qualitative sense, relative secular variations show a correlation with the main geological units in the Polish territory and also important elements in the seismic and geothermal model of the lithosphere.
{"title":"Relative secular variations of the Earth’s magnetic field in the years 1966–2016 along the profile across the main tectonic units of Poland (Zgorzelec-Wiżajny profile)","authors":"Anna Wojas, T. Grabowska","doi":"10.7494/geol.2019.45.3.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.3.183","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes 50 years of research on relative local secular variations of the total magnetic intensity (TMI) along Zgorzelec-Wiżajny profile (Z-W profile) through the years 1966–2016. The Z-W profile (approximately 650 km length) cuts through Europe’s major tectonic units, including a zone of Variscan folds in the Paleozoic platform (PP), the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) and the Polish part of the East European Craton (EEC). Measurements of TMI were made at 31 sites of the profile and reduced to the base recordings at the Central Geophysical Observatory in Belsk. Based on linear approximations of relative geomagnetic field values changes in time, relative annual changes in time (relative secular variations) expressed in nanoteslas [nT] per year were calculated. The study on relative geomagnetic field values revealed slower secular variations of the geomagnetic field in EEC as compared to those in PP and TESZ. However, they show lower amplitudes of these variations. An interesting phenomenon are rapid changes in the time of the relative values (trends) of TMI starting from the year 2000, also expressed as the relative secular variations per year, particularly visible in PP area. In the qualitative sense, relative secular variations show a correlation with the main geological units in the Polish territory and also important elements in the seismic and geothermal model of the lithosphere.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86649918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.7494/geol.2019.45.1.31
Ademila Omowumi
{"title":"Engineering the geological evaluation of some rocks from Akure, Southwestern Nigeria as aggregates for concrete and pavement construction","authors":"Ademila Omowumi","doi":"10.7494/geol.2019.45.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80404328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.373
V. Shvets
The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of Cuban red mud have been measured at three different temperatures: 295 K, 150 K and 77 K. The broad absorption line with resonance fields ∼(1.7–1.8) kOe was observed at all temperatures with values of g-factor from 3.602 to 4.020. The temperature decrease resulted in an absorption line appearance with resonance fields of 3.252 kOe (g = 2.067) at 150 K and 3.339 kOe (g = 2.086) at 77 K. The ESR-signal amplitude with resonance fields ∼(1.7–1.8) kOe decreases and the ESR-signal amplitude in the field ∼3.3 kОе increases with reduction in temperature.
{"title":"Paramagnetic properties of Cuban red mud at low temperatures","authors":"V. Shvets","doi":"10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.373","url":null,"abstract":"The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of Cuban red mud have been measured at three different temperatures: 295 K, 150 K and 77 K. The broad absorption line with resonance fields ∼(1.7–1.8) kOe was observed at all temperatures with values of g-factor from 3.602 to 4.020. The temperature decrease resulted in an absorption line appearance with resonance fields of 3.252 kOe (g = 2.067) at 150 K and 3.339 kOe (g = 2.086) at 77 K. The ESR-signal amplitude with resonance fields ∼(1.7–1.8) kOe decreases and the ESR-signal amplitude in the field ∼3.3 kОе increases with reduction in temperature.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"47 1","pages":"373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75386297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.391
Marzena Połeć, U. Aleksander-Kwaterczak, Katarzyna Wątor, E. Kmiecik
The results of research conducted in recent years indicates that microplastic particles are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. The investigations are mostly focused on marine waters and there is still a lack of information about their presence in both surface water and groundwater. In this paper, preliminary results of research conducted in Poland are presented. Different types of water samples were collected. Five litres of each sample were filtered through 0.4 μm glass fibre filters. In the first stage, visual identification was conducted using a stereomicroscope. Additionally, some interesting fragments were examined by means of SEM/EDS method. In the case of rivers water samples, which were characterized by a high content of organic matter and minerals, the visibility of microplastics could be reduced. In the sample from the Vistula River, some particles similar to microplastics were found. In the groundwater samples, some blue and green particles which supposed to be plastic were found by the stereomicroscope. Additional analysis with the DXR Raman Microscope method gave no clear results. The samples were too small and the plastic particles were very dispersed which prevented correct analysis. SEM analysis showed irregularly shaped particles which were considered to be microplastics. Considering the chemical composition, carbon predominated.
{"title":"The occurrence of microplastics in freshwater systems – preliminary results from Krakow (Poland)","authors":"Marzena Połeć, U. Aleksander-Kwaterczak, Katarzyna Wątor, E. Kmiecik","doi":"10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.391","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research conducted in recent years indicates that microplastic particles are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. The investigations are mostly focused on marine waters and there is still a lack of information about their presence in both surface water and groundwater. In this paper, preliminary results of research conducted in Poland are presented. Different types of water samples were collected. Five litres of each sample were filtered through 0.4 μm glass fibre filters. In the first stage, visual identification was conducted using a stereomicroscope. Additionally, some interesting fragments were examined by means of SEM/EDS method. In the case of rivers water samples, which were characterized by a high content of organic matter and minerals, the visibility of microplastics could be reduced. In the sample from the Vistula River, some particles similar to microplastics were found. In the groundwater samples, some blue and green particles which supposed to be plastic were found by the stereomicroscope. Additional analysis with the DXR Raman Microscope method gave no clear results. The samples were too small and the plastic particles were very dispersed which prevented correct analysis. SEM analysis showed irregularly shaped particles which were considered to be microplastics. Considering the chemical composition, carbon predominated.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"2007 1","pages":"391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83341871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.357
Monika Łyczak, Jacek Adamiec, Tomasz Skupień, T. Małysa, Anna Groffik
Basilica of St. Francisco of Assisi together with the buildings of the Franciscan convent constitute one of the most important points on the map of medieval Krakow. However, their architectural transformations are still not well recognized. In 2015, the opportunity to expand this knowledge occured. Within the basilica itself, along with the adjacent chapels, a comprehensive, non-invasive, georadar floor examination was held. Its effect, apart from confirming the location of known tombs and burial crypts, was the discovery of completely unknown underground rooms. Using small-hole drills, the rooms were recognized as burial crypts. Currently, their diagnosis is conducted by archaeological methods. The presented case study was also an occasion to describe explicitly the methodological bases of crypt identification practice, using connection between some specific construction details characteristic for ancient European architecture and the corresponding GPR manifestations (diagnostic features).
{"title":"Georadar surveys of the flooring in the St. Francis of Assisi basilica in Krakow","authors":"Monika Łyczak, Jacek Adamiec, Tomasz Skupień, T. Małysa, Anna Groffik","doi":"10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/GEOL.2018.44.4.357","url":null,"abstract":"Basilica of St. Francisco of Assisi together with the buildings of the Franciscan convent constitute one of the most important points on the map of medieval Krakow. However, their architectural transformations are still not well recognized. In 2015, the opportunity to expand this knowledge occured. Within the basilica itself, along with the adjacent chapels, a comprehensive, non-invasive, georadar floor examination was held. Its effect, apart from confirming the location of known tombs and burial crypts, was the discovery of completely unknown underground rooms. Using small-hole drills, the rooms were recognized as burial crypts. Currently, their diagnosis is conducted by archaeological methods. The presented case study was also an occasion to describe explicitly the methodological bases of crypt identification practice, using connection between some specific construction details characteristic for ancient European architecture and the corresponding GPR manifestations (diagnostic features).","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90204949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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