Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_2_24
Parthy Shah, R. Pallavali, Dinneswara Reddy Guda
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors known to occur in the brain. Metabolism is one of the driving factors enabling the successful proliferation of tumor cells, thus increasing the tumor mass. Tumor metabolism is now recognized as a major hallmark of oncogenesis. Since the brain largely relies on its glucose supply for growth, glucose metabolism significantly contributes to oncogenesis in brain cancers. Here, we review the major metabolic pathways seen in normal brain physiology in addition to the Warburg effect, aberrant tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation observed in GBM. We highlight the important differences in glucose metabolism between the normal and cancerous environments. In addition, we provide insights into lactate shuttling, the pentose phosphate pathway, and immune interactions with glucose metabolism, which drive the nutritional pathways in both the normal and cancerous environment.
{"title":"Molecular landscape of glucose metabolism in glioblastoma and the normal human brain: A narrative review","authors":"Parthy Shah, R. Pallavali, Dinneswara Reddy Guda","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_2_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_2_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors known to occur in the brain. Metabolism is one of the driving factors enabling the successful proliferation of tumor cells, thus increasing the tumor mass. Tumor metabolism is now recognized as a major hallmark of oncogenesis. Since the brain largely relies on its glucose supply for growth, glucose metabolism significantly contributes to oncogenesis in brain cancers. Here, we review the major metabolic pathways seen in normal brain physiology in addition to the Warburg effect, aberrant tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation observed in GBM. We highlight the important differences in glucose metabolism between the normal and cancerous environments. In addition, we provide insights into lactate shuttling, the pentose phosphate pathway, and immune interactions with glucose metabolism, which drive the nutritional pathways in both the normal and cancerous environment.","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"9 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_3_23
Xiangxiang Shao, W. Ni, Xiaobing Xu, Yuan Luo
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant tumor in the adult primary central nervous system. It has a strong proliferative ability, high recurrence rate, and high malignant degree. Despite standard radiotherapy combined with temozolomide chemotherapy, the prognosis was poor, with a 5-year survival of <10%. Therefore, more effective treatments need to be explored. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted the attention of researchers because of their unique targeting, safety, and antitumor effects. OV therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy in the treatment of many kinds of malignant tumors, and it has also made great progress in the treatment of glioblastoma. This article reviews the recent clinical research progress of OVs in the treatment of glioblastoma.
{"title":"Research progress in the treatment of glioblastoma by an oncolytic virus: A narrative review","authors":"Xiangxiang Shao, W. Ni, Xiaobing Xu, Yuan Luo","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma is the most common malignant tumor in the adult primary central nervous system. It has a strong proliferative ability, high recurrence rate, and high malignant degree. Despite standard radiotherapy combined with temozolomide chemotherapy, the prognosis was poor, with a 5-year survival of <10%. Therefore, more effective treatments need to be explored. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted the attention of researchers because of their unique targeting, safety, and antitumor effects. OV therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy in the treatment of many kinds of malignant tumors, and it has also made great progress in the treatment of glioblastoma. This article reviews the recent clinical research progress of OVs in the treatment of glioblastoma.","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"6 1","pages":"9 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44476134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_1_23
M. Weller, É. Le Rhun
{"title":"Survival trends for patients with primary brain tumors worldwide: What have we learnt?","authors":"M. Weller, É. Le Rhun","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_2_23
Qiuzi Chen, Peng Ren, Guo-Hao Huang, Zuoxin Zhang, J. Hugnot, S. Lv
Glioma is a common type of brain tumor. Current treatment for glioma includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields. The application of immunotherapy to treat glioma is still far from satisfactory in the clinic. Here, we review the mechanisms of immunotherapy for glioma (including immune checkpoint inhibitor, chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell, tumor vaccine, and oncolytic virus) and the results of completed clinical trials, and will discuss the current status of immunotherapy and possible future directions.
{"title":"Current status of clinical application of immunotherapy in the treatment of glioma: A narrative review","authors":"Qiuzi Chen, Peng Ren, Guo-Hao Huang, Zuoxin Zhang, J. Hugnot, S. Lv","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Glioma is a common type of brain tumor. Current treatment for glioma includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields. The application of immunotherapy to treat glioma is still far from satisfactory in the clinic. Here, we review the mechanisms of immunotherapy for glioma (including immune checkpoint inhibitor, chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell, tumor vaccine, and oncolytic virus) and the results of completed clinical trials, and will discuss the current status of immunotherapy and possible future directions.","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"6 1","pages":"3 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49331251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_28_22
T. Chabrol, S. Chin, F. Berger, D. Wion
{"title":"Scarring, without regeneration, is the therapeutic challenge for making palliative glioma treatments curative","authors":"T. Chabrol, S. Chin, F. Berger, D. Wion","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_28_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_28_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"5 1","pages":"137 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41869775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_29_22
George Samandouras, Youkun Qian, Viktoria Sefcikova, A. Ghare
{"title":"Personal philosophy in glioma surgery and anatomo-functional mapping","authors":"George Samandouras, Youkun Qian, Viktoria Sefcikova, A. Ghare","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_29_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_29_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"5 1","pages":"113 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41929083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_30_22
The National Glioma MDT Alliance National Center for Neurological Disorders, Ying Mao, T. Jiang, Guoguang Zhao
Glioma is a highly heterogeneous disease with yet unknown mechanisms. It is imperative to provide individualized and precise treatment based on the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model and the basic principles of evidence-based medicine for these patients. In 2018, the Glioma Society Affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association led the development of the "Chinese Expert Consensus on Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Management of Glioma," which significantly promoted the application of the MDT approach in China. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of MDT for glioma in different regions and grades of hospitals, we plan to update the "Chinese Expert Consensus on MDT Management of Glioma" based on the currently available evidence-based medical evidence. This new version will update the standards of surgical procedures, clinical management, and quality control for the implementation of MDT for glioma to provide guidelines and recommendations for clinicians. The Consensus Committee will follow the policies of the Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines development, form a multidisciplinary expert team, and utilize Evidence-Based Management in line with the Oxford University Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation to develop the evidence-based expert consensus on MDT for glioma. The proposal emphasizes the significance, purpose, members of the Consensus Committee, identification of clinical problems, evidence acquisition, evaluation and integration, and recommendation generation.
{"title":"The protocol for the consensuses of Chinese experts on glioma multidisciplinary team management","authors":"The National Glioma MDT Alliance National Center for Neurological Disorders, Ying Mao, T. Jiang, Guoguang Zhao","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_30_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_30_22","url":null,"abstract":"Glioma is a highly heterogeneous disease with yet unknown mechanisms. It is imperative to provide individualized and precise treatment based on the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model and the basic principles of evidence-based medicine for these patients. In 2018, the Glioma Society Affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association led the development of the \"Chinese Expert Consensus on Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Management of Glioma,\" which significantly promoted the application of the MDT approach in China. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of MDT for glioma in different regions and grades of hospitals, we plan to update the \"Chinese Expert Consensus on MDT Management of Glioma\" based on the currently available evidence-based medical evidence. This new version will update the standards of surgical procedures, clinical management, and quality control for the implementation of MDT for glioma to provide guidelines and recommendations for clinicians. The Consensus Committee will follow the policies of the Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines development, form a multidisciplinary expert team, and utilize Evidence-Based Management in line with the Oxford University Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation to develop the evidence-based expert consensus on MDT for glioma. The proposal emphasizes the significance, purpose, members of the Consensus Committee, identification of clinical problems, evidence acquisition, evaluation and integration, and recommendation generation.","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"5 1","pages":"130 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_31_22
Yanghao Hou, F. Sahm
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5) was released in late 2021. The adoption of new tumor nomenclature, grading criteria, terminology, tumor types, and novel diagnostic approaches, including methylation profiling, will benefit the precise diagnosis of CNS tumors, facilitate optimal patient care and improve diagnostic reproducibility with higher clinical relevance. However, the gap between rapid updates in tumor classification and the clinical management of patients requires frequent and up-to-date communications between neuropathologists and clinicians. This review aims to provide an overview of WHO CNS5, focused on the changes that are most pertinent to the clinical care of patients. Forming concrete ideas for neuropathologists that are necessary to express to clinicians, for a better understanding of how the patient may benefit from the new classification.
{"title":"A narrative review of what the neuropathologist needs to tell the clinician in neuro-oncology practice concerning WHO CNS5","authors":"Yanghao Hou, F. Sahm","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5) was released in late 2021. The adoption of new tumor nomenclature, grading criteria, terminology, tumor types, and novel diagnostic approaches, including methylation profiling, will benefit the precise diagnosis of CNS tumors, facilitate optimal patient care and improve diagnostic reproducibility with higher clinical relevance. However, the gap between rapid updates in tumor classification and the clinical management of patients requires frequent and up-to-date communications between neuropathologists and clinicians. This review aims to provide an overview of WHO CNS5, focused on the changes that are most pertinent to the clinical care of patients. Forming concrete ideas for neuropathologists that are necessary to express to clinicians, for a better understanding of how the patient may benefit from the new classification.","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"5 1","pages":"120 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_26_22
Rong Du, Huandong Liu, Guo-qing Yi, Hui-lin Cheng, Ping Liang
Gliomas are tumors that originate from glial cells and the most common neoplasms in the central nervous system. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified glioma into four grades, I to IV, with multidisciplinary therapies required for the management of high-grade gliomas (grades III and IV). Molecular pathology has become increasingly critical in guiding the treatment and predicting the prognosis of patients with gliomas. A 35-year-old man diagnosed with WHO grade III diffuse astrocytic glioma initially underwent surgical resection, followed by immunohistochemical and molecular diagnosis. The patient was administered adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor. Long term follow-up showed a relatively satisfactory therapeutic response. Molecular classification may help guide decisions on the comprehensive treatment of patients with WHO grade III diffuse astrocytic glioma. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, China (approval No. 20211015001, approval date: October 15, 2021).
{"title":"WHO grade III diffuse astrocytic glioma in a 35-year-old male","authors":"Rong Du, Huandong Liu, Guo-qing Yi, Hui-lin Cheng, Ping Liang","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_26_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_26_22","url":null,"abstract":"Gliomas are tumors that originate from glial cells and the most common neoplasms in the central nervous system. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified glioma into four grades, I to IV, with multidisciplinary therapies required for the management of high-grade gliomas (grades III and IV). Molecular pathology has become increasingly critical in guiding the treatment and predicting the prognosis of patients with gliomas. A 35-year-old man diagnosed with WHO grade III diffuse astrocytic glioma initially underwent surgical resection, followed by immunohistochemical and molecular diagnosis. The patient was administered adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor. Long term follow-up showed a relatively satisfactory therapeutic response. Molecular classification may help guide decisions on the comprehensive treatment of patients with WHO grade III diffuse astrocytic glioma. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, China (approval No. 20211015001, approval date: October 15, 2021).","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"5 1","pages":"107 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the skull, and the current treatment remains a combination of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy plays an important role in the treatment of glioma, and currently, surgical resection under molecular pathology guidance plus postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy is the standard treatment protocol for primary glioma, but its widespread use is limited by its radiotoxicity. Meanwhile, with the increasing development of new technologies in the medical field of tumor treatment electric fields, there has been some improvement in the treatment and prognosis of glioma. TTFields are a noninvasive anti-cancer modality consisting of low-intensity (1–3 V/cm), medium-frequency (100–300 kHz), alternating current electric fields delivered through an array of skin sensors to provide optimal coverage of the tumor site. TTFields target cancer cells through multiple mechanisms of action, including inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion, disruption of DNA repair and angiogenesis, antitumor effects, induction of apoptosis, and immunogenic cell death. TTFields alone have good efficacy against tumors, and with the gradual development of technologies such as immune and targeted therapies, TTFields are now more frequently studied in combination with chemotherapy, RT, immunotherapy, and immunotherapy. At present, the treatment methods of glioma include surgery, chemotherapy, RT, immunotherapy and targeted therapy. This article will summarize the research progress of TTFields combined with other therapies to provide a reference for the treatment of glioblastoma.
{"title":"Progress on TTFields combined with other therapies for glioblastoma treatment: A narrative review","authors":"Yong-Wei Cao, Haibin Wu, Bin Tang, Meihua Li, Yilv Wan, Jian Duan, Jiang Xu","doi":"10.4103/glioma.glioma_12_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/glioma.glioma_12_22","url":null,"abstract":"Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the skull, and the current treatment remains a combination of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy plays an important role in the treatment of glioma, and currently, surgical resection under molecular pathology guidance plus postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy is the standard treatment protocol for primary glioma, but its widespread use is limited by its radiotoxicity. Meanwhile, with the increasing development of new technologies in the medical field of tumor treatment electric fields, there has been some improvement in the treatment and prognosis of glioma. TTFields are a noninvasive anti-cancer modality consisting of low-intensity (1–3 V/cm), medium-frequency (100–300 kHz), alternating current electric fields delivered through an array of skin sensors to provide optimal coverage of the tumor site. TTFields target cancer cells through multiple mechanisms of action, including inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion, disruption of DNA repair and angiogenesis, antitumor effects, induction of apoptosis, and immunogenic cell death. TTFields alone have good efficacy against tumors, and with the gradual development of technologies such as immune and targeted therapies, TTFields are now more frequently studied in combination with chemotherapy, RT, immunotherapy, and immunotherapy. At present, the treatment methods of glioma include surgery, chemotherapy, RT, immunotherapy and targeted therapy. This article will summarize the research progress of TTFields combined with other therapies to provide a reference for the treatment of glioblastoma.","PeriodicalId":12731,"journal":{"name":"Glioma","volume":"5 1","pages":"90 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46383274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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