Effectiveness of a pre-denitrification activated sludge treatment system is governed by the kinetics of the biological reactions, and the hydrodynamic mixing behavior in the reactors. Achieving good mixing conditions within a reactor not only enhances the transfer of reactants but also ensures homogeneous environmental conditions throughout the vessel when required, allowing for an effective usage of the reactor’s total volume, leading to optimized, low-cost operation. In this work, a pre-denitrification activated sludge system performance with regards to the biological treatment of organic carbon and nitrogen was investigated, under two scenarios for non-ideal mixing in the anoxic reactor. The system performance is simulated based upon the Activated Sludge Model 1 model’s biological reactions, and combining two non-ideal mixing two-parameter models: CSTR with bypass and dead volume, and two CSTRs with exchange. Performance discrepancies were then identified in the presence of non-ideal mixing. The system’s performance was found to be more susceptible to the presence of a dead volume/bypass scenario compared to the two CSTRs with material exchange scenario. Under non-ideal mixing conditions, effluent concentrations of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, organic carbon increased marginally, while effluent concentration of nitrate increased significantly. Similarly, the waste stream concentrations of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and organic carbon increased significantly as a result of an increase in the concentration of the heterotrophic biomass. The outcome of this study provides an insight when troubleshooting the operation of pre-denitrification activated sludge systems for non-ideal mixing conditions.
{"title":"Identifying the Effect of Non-Ideal Mixing on a Pre-Denitrification\u0000Activated Sludge System Performance through Model-Based\u0000Simulations","authors":"M. Hajaya","doi":"10.48103/jjeci232019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci232019","url":null,"abstract":"Effectiveness of a pre-denitrification activated sludge treatment system is governed by the kinetics of the biological\u0000reactions, and the hydrodynamic mixing behavior in the reactors. Achieving good mixing conditions within a reactor not\u0000only enhances the transfer of reactants but also ensures homogeneous environmental conditions throughout the vessel\u0000when required, allowing for an effective usage of the reactor’s total volume, leading to optimized, low-cost operation. In\u0000this work, a pre-denitrification activated sludge system performance with regards to the biological treatment of organic\u0000carbon and nitrogen was investigated, under two scenarios for non-ideal mixing in the anoxic reactor. The system\u0000performance is simulated based upon the Activated Sludge Model 1 model’s biological reactions, and combining two\u0000non-ideal mixing two-parameter models: CSTR with bypass and dead volume, and two CSTRs with exchange.\u0000Performance discrepancies were then identified in the presence of non-ideal mixing. The system’s performance was\u0000found to be more susceptible to the presence of a dead volume/bypass scenario compared to the two CSTRs with\u0000material exchange scenario. Under non-ideal mixing conditions, effluent concentrations of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen,\u0000organic carbon increased marginally, while effluent concentration of nitrate increased significantly. Similarly, the waste\u0000stream concentrations of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and organic carbon increased significantly as a result of an increase in\u0000the concentration of the heterotrophic biomass. The outcome of this study provides an insight when troubleshooting the\u0000operation of pre-denitrification activated sludge systems for non-ideal mixing conditions.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114466527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focal theme of this work is to assess the ability of Jordanian diatomite to treat MG-bearing effluents. Effects of several experimental parameters namely, particle size of diatomite, pH and initial MG concentration were investigated through liquid-phase adsorption processes. Several equilibrium isotherm models were applied. It was found that initial MG concentration, pH and particle size of diatomite had a significant effect on the adsorption process. MG uptake has increased from 99.3 mg/dm3 to 898.7 mg/dm3 over the whole concentration range. A high percentage of MG removal (99.6%) was achieved as the diatomite particle size decreased from 500-710μm to 125-250μm. The optimum pH for the removal of MG was=9. Freundlich model was satisfactorily applied to the experimental data.
{"title":"Adsorption of Malachite Green by Jordanian Diatomite Ores: Equilibrium\u0000Study","authors":"Emad El Qada","doi":"10.48103/jjeci2122019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci2122019","url":null,"abstract":"The focal theme of this work is to assess the ability of Jordanian diatomite to treat MG-bearing effluents. Effects of several\u0000experimental parameters namely, particle size of diatomite, pH and initial MG concentration were investigated through\u0000liquid-phase adsorption processes. Several equilibrium isotherm models were applied. It was found that initial MG\u0000concentration, pH and particle size of diatomite had a significant effect on the adsorption process. MG uptake has\u0000increased from 99.3 mg/dm3\u0000to 898.7 mg/dm3\u0000over the whole concentration range. A high percentage of MG removal\u0000(99.6%) was achieved as the diatomite particle size decreased from 500-710μm to 125-250μm. The optimum pH for the\u0000removal of MG was=9. Freundlich model was satisfactorily applied to the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116954552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Output regulation control for a CSTR benchmark problem is considered using a feedback linearization technique, where a linear control method is applied to the system for the purpose of maximizing the yield of a desired product at a specific operational temperature. Simulation results showed that the proposed feedback linearization-based controller strategy was successful in maintaining the desired product concentration at its set points, while maintaining the cooling jacket temperate fixed at all times, and the manipulated variables were maintained within their respective operational limits. The proposed feedback linearization-based controller provided very promising results, where it guaranteed a precise operation of the reactor with good performance in terms of a stable transition with no overshoot, and exhibited robustness by rejecting the tested disturbance in the form of a sinusoidal time variation in the reactant feed concentration.
{"title":"Control of a Benchmark CSTR Using Feedback Linearization","authors":"M. Hajaya","doi":"10.48103/jjeci292019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci292019","url":null,"abstract":"Output regulation control for a CSTR benchmark problem is considered using a feedback linearization technique, where\u0000a linear control method is applied to the system for the purpose of maximizing the yield of a desired product at a specific\u0000operational temperature. Simulation results showed that the proposed feedback linearization-based controller strategy\u0000was successful in maintaining the desired product concentration at its set points, while maintaining the cooling jacket\u0000temperate fixed at all times, and the manipulated variables were maintained within their respective operational limits. The\u0000proposed feedback linearization-based controller provided very promising results, where it guaranteed a precise\u0000operation of the reactor with good performance in terms of a stable transition with no overshoot, and exhibited\u0000robustness by rejecting the tested disturbance in the form of a sinusoidal time variation in the reactant feed\u0000concentration.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133130679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a theoretical investigation to simulate the utilization of (PV/T) technology to drive an absorption refrigeration system that is used for air conditioning of a classroom under Jordan climate conditions. The absorption refrigeration cycle uses the hot water from the PV/T collector with an assisted electrical heater as a heat source in the generator. In addition to the capability to utilize the PV/T to supply the building by domestic hot water and electricity if no need to run the refrigeration cycle. This analysis was carried using excel program and theoretical equations for the system. It was found that (PV/T) technology is very useful for thermal applications with high efficiency. Also, absorption refrigeration cycle has a good coefficient of performance because it main ly depends on the thermal energy with low electrical energy consumption to run the pump. Moreover, this system has a short payback period, low energy consumption, low running cost, and minimum environmental impact. The results of this study show that the system needs about (84 m 2 PV/T collectors) to cover 16 tons cooling load.
{"title":"Theoretical Study of Photovoltaic Thermal Integrated Absorption\u0000Cooling System under Jordan Climate","authors":"M. Al-Odat","doi":"10.48103/jjeci2102019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci2102019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a theoretical investigation to simulate the utilization of (PV/T) technology to drive an absorption refrigeration\u0000system that is used for air conditioning of a classroom under Jordan climate conditions. The absorption refrigeration cycle uses the hot\u0000water from the PV/T collector with an assisted electrical heater as a heat source in the generator. In addition to the capability to utilize\u0000the PV/T to supply the building by domestic hot water and electricity if no need to run the refrigeration cycle. This analysis was carried\u0000using excel program and theoretical equations for the system. It was found that (PV/T) technology is very useful for thermal\u0000applications with high efficiency. Also, absorption refrigeration cycle has a good coefficient of performance because it main ly depends\u0000on the thermal energy with low electrical energy consumption to run the pump. Moreover, this system has a short payback period, low\u0000energy consumption, low running cost, and minimum environmental impact. The results of this study show that the system needs about\u0000(84 m\u00002 PV/T collectors) to cover 16 tons cooling load.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117265407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this work is to study the separation performance of a tubular TiO2 ceramic nanofiltration membrane operate at low pressures (2 bar), and the parameters that would affect the membrane rejection behavior, such as the ions valences, ions type, transmembrane pressure (TMP) values, and membrane zeta-potential. The membrane was used to desalinate water samples containing NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 in single and tertiary salts solution. The rejection of ions solutions took the following trend: R of sulphate (SO4 2- ) > R of nitrate (NO3 1- )>R of chloride (Cl1- )>R of sodium (Na1+). The highest SO4 2- rejection was about 62%, the highest NO3 1- rejection was about 51%, the highest Cl1- rejection was about 42%, and highest Na1+ rejection was about 37%.
本研究的目的是研究在低压(2bar)下运行的管状TiO2陶瓷纳滤膜的分离性能，以及影响膜过滤行为的参数，如离子价、离子类型、跨膜压力(TMP)值和膜ζ电位。该膜用于在单盐和叔盐溶液中对含有NaCl、NaNO3和Na2SO4的水样进行脱盐。离子溶液的析出趋势为:硫酸盐(SO42-) R >硝酸盐(NO31-) R >氯化物(Cl1-) R >钠(Na1+) R。so42最高排异率约为62%，no31最高排异率约为51%，cl最高排异率约为42%，Na1+最高排异率约为37%。
{"title":"The Ceramic TiO2 Low-Pressure Nano-Filtration Membrane Separation\u0000Behavior for Single and Mixed Ion Salt Solutions","authors":"Banan Hudaib","doi":"10.48103/jjeci2112019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci2112019","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to study the separation performance of a tubular TiO2 ceramic nanofiltration membrane\u0000operate at low pressures (2 bar), and the parameters that would affect the membrane rejection behavior, such as the\u0000ions valences, ions type, transmembrane pressure (TMP) values, and membrane zeta-potential. The membrane was\u0000used to desalinate water samples containing NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 in single and tertiary salts solution. The\u0000rejection of ions solutions took the following trend: R of sulphate (SO4\u00002-\u0000) > R of nitrate (NO3\u00001-\u0000)>R of chloride (Cl1-\u0000)>R of\u0000sodium (Na1+). The highest SO4\u00002-\u0000rejection was about 62%, the highest NO3\u00001-\u0000rejection was about 51%, the highest Cl1-\u0000rejection was about 42%, and highest Na1+ rejection was about 37%.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127639318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composting is considered an economic and effective method of recycling green waste (GW), because it helps protect the environment and encourages economic development. However, conventional composting technology is time consuming, generates foul smells, and produces immature compost. The GW composting process was conducted using an aerated static windrow with GORE( R ) cover membrane technology, in combination with an air-floor aeration system at the industrial scale. This study investigated the variation of physico-chemical properties during the green waste composting process. The composting process was monitored through the determination of moisture, dry matter (DM), bulk density, water soluble carbon (WSC), ammonium-N (NH4 + -N), and nitrate-N (NO3 - -N) evolution. The technology greatly improved the composting conditions and compost quality in terms of bulk density, moisture, nitrogen transformation, and WSC. The results obtained in this study indicate that using an aerated static windrow with GORE(R ) cover membrane maintain the moisture in optimal conditions by retaining the water within the compost itself increases the microbial activity and the rate of organic matter (OM) decomposition by microorganisms. Our results support the recent research indicating that nitrification could occur above temperatures of 45 °C and might be caused by the existence of microbial communities that are resistant to high temperatures and have the capability to nitrify. The decreased of NH4 + content and increased of NO3 - in the composting materials indicate that the compost has achieved maturity and is ready for use. The evolution of the GW by using an aerated static windrow with GORE(R ) cover membrane technology produced a mature product that can be used in agriculture.
{"title":"Investigate biotransformation of green waste during composting\u0000by aerated static windrow with GORE(R) cover membrane\u0000technology","authors":"M. Al-Alawi","doi":"10.48103/jjeci252019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci252019","url":null,"abstract":"Composting is considered an economic and effective method of recycling green waste (GW), because it helps\u0000protect the environment and encourages economic development. However, conventional composting\u0000technology is time consuming, generates foul smells, and produces immature compost. The GW composting\u0000process was conducted using an aerated static windrow with GORE(\u0000R\u0000) cover membrane technology, in\u0000combination with an air-floor aeration system at the industrial scale. This study investigated the variation of\u0000physico-chemical properties during the green waste composting process. The composting process was\u0000monitored through the determination of moisture, dry matter (DM), bulk density, water soluble carbon (WSC),\u0000ammonium-N (NH4\u0000+\u0000-N), and nitrate-N (NO3\u0000-\u0000-N) evolution. The technology greatly improved the composting\u0000conditions and compost quality in terms of bulk density, moisture, nitrogen transformation, and WSC. The\u0000results obtained in this study indicate that using an aerated static windrow with GORE(R\u0000) cover membrane\u0000maintain the moisture in optimal conditions by retaining the water within the compost itself increases the\u0000microbial activity and the rate of organic matter (OM) decomposition by microorganisms. Our results support the\u0000recent research indicating that nitrification could occur above temperatures of 45 °C and might be caused by the\u0000existence of microbial communities that are resistant to high temperatures and have the capability to nitrify. The\u0000decreased of NH4\u0000+ content and increased of NO3\u0000-\u0000in the composting materials indicate that the compost has\u0000achieved maturity and is ready for use. The evolution of the GW by using an aerated static windrow with\u0000GORE(R\u0000) cover membrane technology produced a mature product that can be used in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129149112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petroleum oils are predominantly made of various hydrocarbons with trace compounds including corrosive aided compounds that basically known as the salts, organic acids and various forms of sulfur. The scope of the current research was based on the investigations of the effect of salts, organic, elemental sulfur and Mercaptans of crude oils on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals that important in the industry of crude oil refining. As the procedure the important corrosive properties of two different selected crude oils and the chemical compositions of the selected ferrous metals were analyzed by the standard instruments and methods. There were determined the corrosion rates of prepared metal coupons from selected ferrous metals with the similar dimensions after certain immersion time periods with respect to both crude oils by the weight loss method while analyzing the corroded metal surfaces through the microscope also simultaneously analyzed the decayed metallic elemental concentrations from metals into crude oils and the variations of initial hardness of the metals. As the foremost outcomes of the existing analysis there were obtained the significantly lower corrosion rates from stainless steels which are having at least 12% of chromium with sufficient amount if nickel, relatively higher corrosive impact from salts especially at the lower temperatures, formations of ferrous sulfides, ferrous oxides, corrosion cracks and pitting corrosion, significantly decay of copper from Monel metal, higher decay of ferrous from some of carbon steels and slight reductions of the initial hardness of metals after the formations of the corrosion on the metal surfaces.
{"title":"Preliminaries of the Decay of Metals versus Petroleum Oils","authors":"S. Aluvihara","doi":"10.48103/jjeci262019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci262019","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum oils are predominantly made of various hydrocarbons with trace compounds including corrosive aided\u0000compounds that basically known as the salts, organic acids and various forms of sulfur. The scope of the current research\u0000was based on the investigations of the effect of salts, organic, elemental sulfur and Mercaptans of crude oils on the\u0000corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals that important in the industry of crude oil refining. As the\u0000procedure the important corrosive properties of two different selected crude oils and the chemical compositions of the\u0000selected ferrous metals were analyzed by the standard instruments and methods. There were determined the corrosion\u0000rates of prepared metal coupons from selected ferrous metals with the similar dimensions after certain immersion time\u0000periods with respect to both crude oils by the weight loss method while analyzing the corroded metal surfaces through the\u0000microscope also simultaneously analyzed the decayed metallic elemental concentrations from metals into crude oils and\u0000the variations of initial hardness of the metals. As the foremost outcomes of the existing analysis there were obtained the\u0000significantly lower corrosion rates from stainless steels which are having at least 12% of chromium with sufficient amount\u0000if nickel, relatively higher corrosive impact from salts especially at the lower temperatures, formations of ferrous sulfides,\u0000ferrous oxides, corrosion cracks and pitting corrosion, significantly decay of copper from Monel metal, higher decay of\u0000ferrous from some of carbon steels and slight reductions of the initial hardness of metals after the formations of the\u0000corrosion on the metal surfaces.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126983412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adopting temperature-dependent interaction parameters in the Lennard-Jones potential, the vapor-liquid phase diagram of methane was produced using NVT Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo technique. Published second virial coefficient data were used to fit a simple two-parameter temperature-dependent model for the interaction parameters. The simulations were carried out in the temperature range 120-190 K. The critical density and temperature were evaluated using Ising-scaling model. Using the temperature-dependent interaction parameters in the simulation has reduced the root mean square deviation by 94.7% compared to the temperature-independent interaction parameters. The evaluated critical temperature was enhanced using temperature-dependent interaction parameters, whereas the simulations using temperature-independent interaction parameters predict a better critical density value
采用Lennard-Jones势中温度相关的相互作用参数，利用NVT Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo技术得到了甲烷的气液相图。已发表的第二维里系数数据用于拟合一个简单的双参数温度依赖模型的相互作用参数。模拟在120 ~ 190 K的温度范围内进行。采用Ising-scaling模型对临界密度和临界温度进行了评价。与温度无关的相互作用参数相比，在模拟中使用温度相关的相互作用参数使均方根偏差减小了94.7%。使用与温度相关的相互作用参数可以增强评估的临界温度，而使用与温度无关的相互作用参数的模拟可以预测更好的临界密度值
{"title":"The Vapor-Liquid Phase Diagram of Pure Methane Using\u0000Temperature-Dependent Interaction Parameters: A Monte\u0000Carlo Simulation","authors":"I. Suleiman","doi":"10.48103/jjeci212019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci212019","url":null,"abstract":"Adopting temperature-dependent interaction parameters in the Lennard-Jones potential, the vapor-liquid phase diagram of\u0000methane was produced using NVT Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo technique. Published second virial coefficient data were used\u0000to fit a simple two-parameter temperature-dependent model for the interaction parameters. The simulations were carried out in\u0000the temperature range 120-190 K. The critical density and temperature were evaluated using Ising-scaling model. Using the\u0000temperature-dependent interaction parameters in the simulation has reduced the root mean square deviation by 94.7%\u0000compared to the temperature-independent interaction parameters. The evaluated critical temperature was enhanced using\u0000temperature-dependent interaction parameters, whereas the simulations using temperature-independent interaction parameters\u0000predict a better critical density value","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124705362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The measured kinematic viscosity and density and the calculated absolute viscosity for selected quaternary and quinary n-alkanol mixtures are presented in this study. The mixtures are composed of 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 1- heptanol, 1-nonanol, and 1-undecanol. Both the kinematic viscosity and density were measured for the pure components and several intermediate compositions for the selected mixtures at two temperature levels of 293.15 and 298.15 K. The measured data were used to test the predictive capability of different models. The McAllister three body interaction model and the GC-UNIMOD model showed the best overall predictive capability of all models.
{"title":"Viscosity and Density of 1-Alkanol (C3–C11) Quaternary and\u0000Quinary Systems at Different Temperature Levels.","authors":"Nidal M. Hussein","doi":"10.48103/jjeci282019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci282019","url":null,"abstract":"The measured kinematic viscosity and density and the calculated absolute viscosity for selected quaternary and\u0000quinary n-alkanol mixtures are presented in this study. The mixtures are composed of 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 1-\u0000heptanol, 1-nonanol, and 1-undecanol. Both the kinematic viscosity and density were measured for the pure\u0000components and several intermediate compositions for the selected mixtures at two temperature levels of 293.15 and\u0000298.15 K. The measured data were used to test the predictive capability of different models. The McAllister three\u0000body interaction model and the GC-UNIMOD model showed the best overall predictive capability of all models.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128826992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes and evaluates the performance of producing a pure Helium fraction from Helium extraction facility designed for cryogenic natural gas plants. A generic concept for obtaining a Helium pure fraction, which has relatively lower capital and operating costs should be provided. In order to achieve this objective, a new concept for obtaining a Helium pure fraction from a crude Helium fraction, is proposed based on simulations run under diverse process conditions regarding crude Helium gas’ temperature, pressure and composition. This concept is characterized by; reducing the plant safety requirements due to the extensive separation of combustible components, and compact layout of Helium extraction plant. Further re-purification is included in the subsequent Helium liquefaction step through selective adsorption, hence then increasing the purity of the Helium product and reducing the plant energy consumption required for liquefying Helium-rich fraction and the valuable Helium boil-off routed from the storage facility. The Nitrogen-rich fraction is routed to Nitrogen liquefaction installation. Liquid Nitrogen is generated within Helium recovery facility for liquid Helium shielding and container cooling. Surplus gaseous Nitrogen either can be liquefied and used within cryogenic natural gas plant as process coolant or be vented to atmosphere.
{"title":"A generic concept for Helium purification and liquefaction plant","authors":"Said Jereis Al Rabadi","doi":"10.48103/jjeci272019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci272019","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes and evaluates the performance of producing a pure Helium fraction from Helium extraction\u0000facility designed for cryogenic natural gas plants. A generic concept for obtaining a Helium pure fraction, which has\u0000relatively lower capital and operating costs should be provided. In order to achieve this objective, a new concept for\u0000obtaining a Helium pure fraction from a crude Helium fraction, is proposed based on simulations run under diverse\u0000process conditions regarding crude Helium gas’ temperature, pressure and composition. This concept is\u0000characterized by; reducing the plant safety requirements due to the extensive separation of combustible\u0000components, and compact layout of Helium extraction plant. Further re-purification is included in the subsequent\u0000Helium liquefaction step through selective adsorption, hence then increasing the purity of the Helium product and\u0000reducing the plant energy consumption required for liquefying Helium-rich fraction and the valuable Helium boil-off\u0000routed from the storage facility. The Nitrogen-rich fraction is routed to Nitrogen liquefaction installation. Liquid\u0000Nitrogen is generated within Helium recovery facility for liquid Helium shielding and container cooling. Surplus\u0000gaseous Nitrogen either can be liquefied and used within cryogenic natural gas plant as process coolant or be\u0000vented to atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":127416,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2 issue 1","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133039084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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