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Isotopic composition of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of petrologically different Tertiary lignites and coals 岩石学上不同的第三纪褐煤和煤炭的碳(δ13C)和氮(δ15N)同位素组成
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.006
T. Kanduč, M. Markič
This study investigates the carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition of tertiary lignites and coals from six sedimentary basins: Velenje, Mura-Zala, and Zasavje in Slovenia; Sokolov in Czech Republic, Barito in Indonesia; and Istria in Croatia. The aim is to investigate the correlation between the fine detrital (fD) component and δ13C and δ15N in Velenje lignite samples. Additionally, we aim to evaluate the biogeochemical processes of organic substances during their deposition in all analyzed samples, calculate their δ13CCO2 values and compare the analyzed values of δ13C and δ15N to those reported in the literature. Thirty-two samples were analyzed, predominantly from the Velenje ortho-lignite (Pliocene), with additional lignites and coals from the Pannonian to Paleocene epochs for comparison. Carbon isotopic composition (δ13Corg) ranged from -27.9 to -23.6 ‰, and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) ranged from 1.8 to 7.4 ‰. The fine-detrital lithotypes of the Velenje ortho-lignite exhibited the most negative δ13Corg values due to anaerobic bacterial activity in an intramontane alkaline lake environment influenced by the carbonate hinterland. Moreover, gelification processes affected fine-detrital organic matter more than larger wooden pieces. Terbegovci, Hrastnik meta-lignites, and Barito sub-bituminous coal also displayed low δ13Corg values, indicating limited gelification, while variations in the δ15N values suggested differences in mineralization. The Velenje xylitic lithotypes have higher δ15N values, indicating a more intense mineralization under aerobic conditions. Raša ortho-bituminous coal, deposited in a brackish environment, displayed the highest δ13Corg values and a wide range of δ15N values due to fluctuating water tables in a paralic carbonate platform environment. The lowest δ15N value was observed in the Sokolov Basin lignite coal, indicating minimal mineralization and low bacterial activity. The isotopic composition of CO2 in air (δ13Cair), which was calculated using the δ13C values in lignites and coal, ranged from -8.4 to -3.4 ‰, with Velenje lignite displaying the minimum value and Raša coal showing the maximum value. The determined δ13C and δ15N values of the coal and lignite samples in this research fall within the typical range of world coals.
本研究调查了六个沉积盆地中第三纪褐煤和煤炭的碳(δ13Corg)和氮(δ15N)同位素组成:斯洛文尼亚的 Velenje、Mura-Zala 和 Zasavje、捷克共和国的 Sokolov、印度尼西亚的 Barito 和克罗地亚的伊斯特拉。我们的目的是研究 Velenje 褐煤样本中的细粒碎屑(fD)成分与 δ13C 和 δ15N 之间的相关性。此外,我们还旨在评估所有分析样本中有机物质沉积过程中的生物地球化学过程,计算其 δ13CCO2 值,并将 δ13C 和 δ15N 的分析值与文献报道的值进行比较。共分析了 32 个样本,主要来自 Velenje 正褐煤(上新世),另外还分析了潘诺尼期至古新世的褐煤和煤炭,以进行比较。碳同位素组成(δ13Corg)在 -27.9 至 -23.6 ‰之间,氮同位素组成(δ15N)在 1.8 至 7.4 ‰之间。Velenje 正褐煤的细粒岩型显示出最负的 δ13Corg 值,这是由于受碳酸盐腹地影响的山内碱性湖泊环境中的厌氧细菌活动所致。此外,凝胶化过程对细粒有机物的影响大于对较大木块的影响。Terbegovci、Hrastnik 偏褐煤和 Barito 次烟煤的 δ13Corg 值也较低,表明凝胶化过程有限,而 δ15N 值的变化则表明矿化过程存在差异。Velenje 木闪长岩岩型的δ15N 值较高,表明在有氧条件下矿化程度较高。在咸水环境中沉积的 Raša 正烟煤显示出最高的 δ13Corg 值和宽δ15N 值范围,这是由于副碳酸盐平台环境中的地下水位波动造成的。在索科洛夫盆地褐煤中观测到的 δ15N 值最低,表明矿化程度最低,细菌活动较少。空气中 CO2 的同位素组成(δ13Cair)是利用褐煤和煤炭中的δ13C 值计算得出的,范围在 -8.4 至 -3.4 ‰ 之间,其中 Velenje 褐煤的同位素组成值最小,Raša 煤的同位素组成值最大。本研究中煤炭和褐煤样本的δ13C 和δ15N 值属于世界煤炭的典型范围。
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引用次数: 0
LicenseMiddle Triassic deeper-marine volcano-sedimentary successions in western Slovenia 许可证斯洛文尼亚西部中三叠世深海火山沉积成因
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.005
D. Skaberne, Jože Čar, Maja Pristavec, B. Rožič, L. Gale
A Ladinian – Carnian volcano-sedimentary succession from western Slovenia, paleogeographically belonging to the western Slovenian Basin, is presented in 17 sections. Except for the lowermost part, which is dominated by volcanics and volcaniclastics, most of the succession is dominated by shale, sandstone, and micritic limestone. Various authors use the name Pseudozilja and/or Amphiclina formation for this part, which is dominated by clastics, but they disagree on the differences between the formations. The lower Pseudozilja formation, represented by the Malenski Vrh section, comprises diabase, tuf and shale. No substantial differences in lithological composition have been observed between the upper Pseudozilja formation and the Amphiclina formation, which are predominantly composed of shale, sandstone, and limestone. The shale and sandstone are largely composed of quartz, feldspar, and lithic grains (especially volcanics), which vary in proportions. Limestone varieties comprise hemipelagic limestones and resedimented carbonates deposited by gravity-flows. Deposition of the Ladinian – Carnian volcano-sedimentary succession took place on or near the continental slope that was generally inclined to the S, with the direction of transport mainly from N to S.
本报告分 17 个部分介绍了斯洛文尼亚西部的拉迪南-卡尼安火山沉积演替,该演替在古地理上属于斯洛文尼亚盆地西部。除最下部以火山岩和火山碎屑岩为主外,大部分演替以页岩、砂岩和微晶灰岩为主。不同的作者使用 Pseudozilja 和/或 Amphiclina 地层的名称来描述这部分以碎屑岩为主的地层,但他们对地层之间的差异存在分歧。以 Malenski Vrh 断面为代表的下伪齐利亚岩层由辉绿岩、页岩和页岩组成。Pseudozilja 上地层和 Amphiclina 地层在岩性组成上没有实质性差异,主要由页岩、砂岩和石灰岩组成。页岩和砂岩主要由石英、长石和岩石颗粒(尤其是火山岩)组成,它们的比例各不相同。石灰岩种类包括重力流沉积的半沉积石灰岩和再沉积碳酸盐岩。拉迪南-卡尼安火山沉积演替沉积在大陆坡上或其附近,大陆坡一般向南倾斜,搬运方向主要是从北向南。
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引用次数: 0
Palaeoecological significance of the trace fossil Circulichnis Vyalov, 1971 from the Carboniferous of the Donets Basin, Ukraine 乌克兰顿涅茨盆地石炭纪痕量化石 Circulichnis Vyalov(1971 年)的古生态学意义
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.004
V. Dernov
The ichnogenus Circulichnis Vyalov is a horizontal a ring- or ellipse-shaped burrow and/or locomotion trace of an unknown producer, most likely an annelid or a “worm”, preserved on the bedding plane. This ichnogenus is known over a wide age interval (Ediacaran–Oligocene). Circulichnis demonstrates a wide ecological range and has been found in continental (Mermia ichnofacies), shelf, and relatively deep-water (turbidites) deposits. It is commonly interpreted as a sediment feeding trace, but the peculiarities of its formation remain somewhat mysterious, as it is unclear how the tracemaker reached the sediment surface, as lateral branches of the ring-shaped traces are extremely rare and have only been observed by a few researchers. A rather large specimen of Circulichnis montanus Vyalov, 1971 with a preserved lateral branch was found in the Mospyne Formation (upper Bashkirian, Lower Pennsylvanian) of the Donets Basin. This discovery confirmed the assumption made by Alfred Uchman and Bruno Ratazzi regarding the peculiarities of formation of Circulichnis. According to these authors, a single ring-shaped Circulichnis indicates an attempt to forage at a specific level in the sediment, while the lateral branches of Circulichnis are part of a vertical shaft leading to another level within the sediment. The study of Circulichnis montanus from the Donets Basin has confirmed that at least variant C of the Circulichnis formation scheme proposed by Uchman and Ratazzi is correct, i.e. the lateral branch is a horizontal or subhorizontal part of a generally vertical shaft. However, it is important to note that the correctness of variants A and B of the Uchman and Ratazzi scheme cannot be excluded. To answer this question unequivocally, new finds of well-preserved Circulichnis are necessary.
Circulichnis Vyalov 是一种水平的环形或椭圆形洞穴和/或运动痕迹,是一种未知的生产者,很可能是一种环形动物或 "蠕虫",保存在垫层上。目前已知的这种 "穴居动物 "的年龄跨度很大(埃迪卡拉纪-渐新世)。Circulichnis 的生态范围很广,在大陆(Mermia ichnofacies)、陆架和相对较深的水域(浊积岩)沉积物中都有发现。它通常被解释为一种沉积物觅食痕迹,但其形成的特殊性仍然有些神秘,因为环形痕迹的侧枝极为罕见,只有少数研究人员观察到过,因此尚不清楚痕迹制造者是如何到达沉积物表面的。1971 年,在顿涅茨盆地的莫斯平地层(上巴什基尔期,下宾夕法尼亚期)发现了一个相当大的环状痕器标本,标本上保存有一个侧枝。这一发现证实了阿尔弗雷德-乌奇曼和布鲁诺-拉塔齐(Bruno Ratazzi)关于环纹石形成特点的假设。根据这两位作者的观点,单个环状的 Circulichnis 表示试图在沉积物中的某一特定层面觅食,而 Circulichnis 的侧枝则是通往沉积物中另一层面的垂直轴的一部分。对顿涅茨盆地的 Circulichnis montanus 的研究证实,至少 Uchman 和 Ratazzi 提出的 Circulichnis 形成方案的变体 C 是正确的,即侧枝是总体垂直轴的水平或亚水平部分。不过,需要注意的是,不能排除 Uchman 和 Ratazzi 方案的变体 A 和 B 的正确性。要明确地回答这个问题,必须要有新发现的保存完好的圆环。
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引用次数: 0
Tectonics and gravitational phenomena, part two: The Trnovski gozd-Banjšice-Šentviška Gora degraded plain 构造和重力现象,第二部分:特诺夫斯基戈兹-班伊希斯-森特维斯卡戈拉退化平原
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.007
L. Placer, Tomislav Popit, Igor Rižnar
The article describes the recent conditions at the Paleogene thrust contact between the External Dinaric Thrust Belt composed of carbonate rocks and the External Dinaric Imbricate Belt composed of flysch rocks, geographically, between the Trnovski gozd (Trnovski gozd plateau) and the Vipava Valley at the northwestern end of the Dinarides. Fossil and recent gravity-related phenomena that indicate the uplift of the southwestern edge of the External Dinaric Thrust Belt and the larger complex in the hinterland are found there. However, these phenomena are not related to the reactivated Paleogene thrust tectonics, but to the Neogene-recent underthrusting as a consequence of the Microadria (Adriatic Microplate) movement towards the Dinarides. Only arguments for these processes are presented in this article.
这篇文章描述了由碳酸盐岩组成的外部迪纳拉推力带与由萤石岩组成的外部迪纳拉覆岩带之间的古新世推力接触点的近况,其地理位置位于迪纳拉山脉西北端的特尔诺夫斯基戈兹德(特尔诺夫斯基戈兹德高原)和维帕瓦山谷之间。在这里发现了与重力有关的化石和近期现象,这些现象表明了外部迪纳拉推力带西南边缘的隆起和腹地更大的复合体。然而,这些现象与重新激活的古新世推力构造无关,而是与新近纪--近期的下推作用有关,这是微亚板块(亚得里亚海微板块)向迪纳拉山地运动的结果。本文仅对这些过程进行论证。
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引用次数: 0
Petrology dataset of Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments in northeastern Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚东北部上新世-更新世沉积物的岩石学数据集
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.008
Eva Mencin Gale, Polona Kralj, M. Trajanova, L. Gale, D. Skaberne
This is a dataset of petrological analysis of Pliocene-Pleistocene fluvial sediments from 14 gravely samples from the Slovenj Gradec, Nazarje, Celje and Drava-Ptuj Basin (northeastern Slovenia), collected for clast lithological analysis. The petrological analysis includes description of 155 thin sections of metamorphic, volcanic, volcaniclastic, clastic and carbonate rocks. This dataset provides grounds for determining the provenance of these gravel deposits, revealing possible resedimentation processes, and serves as a tool for drainage network interpretation in the Pliocene-Pleistocene.
这是一套对上新世-始新世河川沉积物进行岩石学分析的数据集,这些沉积物来自斯洛文尼亚格拉德茨、纳扎尔耶、采列和德拉瓦-普图什盆地(斯洛文尼亚东北部)的 14 个墓穴样本,采集这些样本是为了进行碎屑岩学分析。岩石学分析包括对 155 个变质岩、火山岩、火山碎屑岩、碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩薄片的描述。该数据集为确定这些砾石沉积的来源提供了依据,揭示了可能的再沉积过程,并可作为解释上新世-更新世排水管网的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Signs of crustal extension in Lower Jurassic carbonates from central Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚中部下侏罗统碳酸盐岩中的地壳延伸迹象
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.002
L. Gale, B. Rožič
The Lower Jurassic Podbukovje Formation represents a succession of shallow marine carbonate rocks deposited on the former Southern Tethyan Megaplatform and one of its successors, the Adriatic Carbonate Platform. Several outcrops of the Podbukovje Formation from central Slovenia (southern margin of the Ljubljana Moor) are presented, bearing possible evidence of Early Jurassic extensional tectonics. Peritidal facies of the lowermost, Hettangian – Sinemurian, part of the Podbukovje Formation locally interfingers with bodies of matrix supported pervasively dolomitized polymictic breccia, several metres to tens of metres thick and is locally cut by neptunian dykes some few decimetres to metres wide. The same or slightly younger part of the formation locally contains grabens/half-grabens metres to tens of metres deep and filled with poorly sorted pervasively dolomitized matrix supported polymictic breccia. Small miliolid foraminifera are present within the clasts and in the matrix. Finally, partly dolomitized blocky breccia tens of metres thick locally overlies the Pliensbachian – lowermost Toarcian limestone with lithiotid bivalves. Besides completely and partly dolomitized clasts, the breccia contains a variety of limestone clasts and preserves common radial ooids and some bioclasts within the partially dolomitized matrix. The Hettangian-Sinemurian breccias and dykes are presumably related to the early, diffused rifting stage of the Penninic (Alpine Tethys) Ocean, whereas Toarcian breccias relate to the main, focused rifting stage. Together with evolving biota and changing paleo-oceanographic conditions, the extensional tectonics may have been an important factor behind the facies changes observed within the Podbukovje Formation.
下侏罗统 Podbukovje 组代表了沉积在前南泰西巨型地台及其后继地台之一亚得里亚海碳酸盐地台上的浅海碳酸盐岩演替。本文介绍了斯洛文尼亚中部(卢布尔雅那沼泽南缘)Podbukovje 组的几处露头,这些露头可能是早侏罗世伸展构造的证据。Podbukovje 地层最下部的海坦纪 - 锡尼穆尔纪部分的潮间带面层局部与基质支撑的普遍白云石化的多岩性角砾岩体交接,厚度从几米到几十米不等,局部被海王堤切割,宽度从几十米到几米不等。同一地层或稍年轻的地层局部包含数米至数十米深的地堑/半地堑,由分选较差的普遍白云石化基质支撑的多岩性角砾岩填充。碎屑和基质中存在小型有孔虫。最后,部分白云石化的块状角砾岩有几十米厚,局部覆盖在普利恩巴赫-托阿克最下层的石灰岩上,上面有生石类双壳贝。除了完全或部分白云石化的碎屑外,角砾岩还含有各种石灰岩碎屑,并在部分白云石化的基质中保留了常见的放射状卵石和一些生物碎屑。据推测,赫坦纪-新元古代角砾岩和岩堤与奔牛(阿尔卑斯特提斯)洋早期的扩散性断裂阶段有关,而托阿克角砾岩则与主要的集中性断裂阶段有关。延伸构造与不断演化的生物群和不断变化的古海洋条件一起,可能是在 Podbukovje 地层中观察到的岩相变化背后的一个重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Contents of potentially toxic elements in sediments and waters of the Meža river and its tributaries draining mine waste deposits 梅扎河及其支流矿山废矿床沉积物和水体中潜在有毒元素的含量
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.003
M. Gosar, Š. Bavec, M. Miler, Martin Gaberšek
The results of the monitoring of the contents of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in sediments (2013, 2017, 2020) and waters (2017, 2020) of the Meža River and its tributaries, which drain mining waste deposits, are presented. A total of 13 sample sites were established in a sample scheme that enables long-term observation of the impact of mining waste deposits. In the sediments, the content of PTE, especially Pb, Zn, Cd, Mo and As, is greatly elevated and fluctuates with time. The study area is affected by more than 300 years of mining and ore processing industry. The differences in the contents in various years are most pronounced in the Meža River tributaries, which drain the mining waste dumps. Hydrological conditions have a significant influence on the contents in sediments, as PTE content increases with higher water level and higher water flow. Water erosion of mining waste dumps has a significant impact on the discharge of contaminated material into watercourses. In contrast, in the upper part of the Meža River, we did not observe strong influence of higher water level on the content of PTE in the sediments. Fluctuations in the content between individual years and fluctuations between various hydrological conditions are higher again in the middle part of the the Meža river, downstream from Žerjav. The presented results demonstrate that the contents of Pb, Zn, Cd, Mo and As in the sediments of the Meža River and its tributaries are very high and that they by far exceed the legislative critical value for the soil. PTE contents in the surface water are elevated in some locations and do not change significantly over time. The local concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn exceed the legislative guidelines. We estimate that the dynamics of the sediment load in the Meža River along the towns of Črna na Koroškem, Žerjav and Mežica is very complex. In addition to mining waste deposits, the content of PTE in sediments and waters is also affected by scattered sources in the environment, such as contaminated soil and floodplains and their varying degrees of pollution, as the environment has been burdened by long-term mining, ore processing and smelting activities. Current industrial activity may also have an additional environmental impact.
本文介绍了对梅扎河(Meža River)及其支流的沉积物(2013 年、2017 年、2020 年)和水域(2017 年、2020 年)中潜在有毒元素(PTE)含量的监测结果。为了能够长期观测采矿废料沉积物的影响,在一个样本计划中总共设立了 13 个样本点。在沉积物中,PTE(尤其是铅、锌、镉、钼和砷)的含量大大增加,并随时间波动。研究区域受到 300 多年采矿和矿石加工业的影响。不同年份的含量差异在梅扎河支流中最为明显,这些支流是采矿废料堆的排水口。水文条件对沉积物中的含量有很大影响,因为 PTE 含量会随着水位和水流量的增加而增加。采矿废料堆的水蚀对污染物质排入河道有重大影响。相反,在 Meža 河上游,我们没有观察到水位升高对沉积物中 PTE 含量的强烈影响。在梅扎河中游,也就是泽尔亚夫下游,各年之间的含量波动以及各种水文条件之间的波动也更大。研究结果表明,梅扎河及其支流沉积物中铅、锌、镉、钼和砷的含量非常高,远远超过了土壤的法定临界值。地表水中的 PTE 含量在某些地方较高,且不会随时间发生显著变化。当地的铅、镉和锌浓度超过了立法准则。我们估计,Meža 河沿 Črna na Koroškem、Žerjav 和 Mežica 镇的沉积物负荷动态非常复杂。除了采矿废物沉积物外,沉积物和水体中的 PTE 含量还受到环境中分散来源的影响,如受污染的土壤和洪泛平原及其不同程度的污染,因为环境长期受到采矿、矿石加工和冶炼活动的影响。当前的工业活动也可能对环境造成额外影响。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Characterisation of the Učja Aquifer, NW Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚西北部乌切亚含水层的水文地质化学和同位素特征
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.001
Petra Žvab Rožič
The groundwater characteristics of the Učja aquifer were investigated using geochemical and isotopic data. The water discharge and physico-chemical properties of the groundwater and the Učja River reflect the climate that is characteristic of the area. The mixed snow/rainfall regime is characteristic for the Učja Valley, with the highest discharges appearing during the spring snowmelt and autumn precipitation, and the lowest discharges in the winter and especially summer months. The temperature of the groundwater and the Učja River is lower in winter and higher in summer. The specific electrical conductivity values indicate a very permeable carbonate aquifer. Higher conductivity values were observed in spring and autumn at all sampling sites, which is related to snowy and rainy periods. The groundwater from the Učja aquifer indicates a uniform type of water (Ca-Mg-HCO3), with Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3– the most abundant ions. Differences in Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and in the Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratio between sampling sites were observed. Those springs with lower Mg2+ and lower Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios indicate limestone recharge areas, and those springs with higher Mg2+ and molar ratios indicate interaction with the dolomite hinterland. The pH values confirm alkaline waters characteristic of carbonate aquifers. The hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values suggest the main source of water is from precipitation from a complex mixing of maritime and continental air masses. An altitude isotopic effect is observed with minor δ18O and δ2H depletion at higher altitude sampling sites compared to those springs at lower altitudes. The altitude isotopic effect is most prominent in spring. The δ13CDIC values indicate the dissolution of carbonates and the degradation of organic matter.
利用地球化学和同位素数据研究了乌切亚含水层的地下水特征。地下水和乌恰河的出水量和物理化学特性反映了该地区的气候特征。乌恰河谷的气候特点是雨雪混合型,春季融雪和秋季降水时排水量最大,冬季尤其是夏季排水量最小。地下水和乌恰河的温度冬季较低,夏季较高。比电导率值表明碳酸盐含水层的渗透性很强。所有采样点的电导率值在春季和秋季都较高,这与雨雪天气有关。乌恰含水层的地下水显示出统一的水质类型(Ca-Mg-HCO3),其中 Ca2+、Mg2+ 和 HCO3- 是最丰富的离子。不同采样点的 Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 浓度以及 Mg2+/Ca2+ 摩尔比存在差异。Mg2+ 和 Mg2+/Ca2+ 摩尔比值较低的泉水表明是石灰岩补给区,而 Mg2+ 和 Mg2+ 摩尔比值较高的泉水表明是与白云岩腹地相互作用的泉水。pH 值证实了碳酸盐含水层特有的碱性水。氢(δ2H)和氧(δ18O)同位素值表明,水的主要来源是海洋气团和大陆气团复杂混合产生的降水。在海拔较高的采样点,δ18O 和 δ2H 的损耗比海拔较低的泉水要小,因此可以观察到海拔同位素效应。海拔同位素效应在春季最为突出。δ13CDIC值表明碳酸盐的溶解和有机物的降解。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Characterisation of the Učja Aquifer, NW Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚西北部乌切亚含水层的水文地质化学和同位素特征
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2024.001
Petra Žvab Rožič
The groundwater characteristics of the Učja aquifer were investigated using geochemical and isotopic data. The water discharge and physico-chemical properties of the groundwater and the Učja River reflect the climate that is characteristic of the area. The mixed snow/rainfall regime is characteristic for the Učja Valley, with the highest discharges appearing during the spring snowmelt and autumn precipitation, and the lowest discharges in the winter and especially summer months. The temperature of the groundwater and the Učja River is lower in winter and higher in summer. The specific electrical conductivity values indicate a very permeable carbonate aquifer. Higher conductivity values were observed in spring and autumn at all sampling sites, which is related to snowy and rainy periods. The groundwater from the Učja aquifer indicates a uniform type of water (Ca-Mg-HCO3), with Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3– the most abundant ions. Differences in Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and in the Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratio between sampling sites were observed. Those springs with lower Mg2+ and lower Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios indicate limestone recharge areas, and those springs with higher Mg2+ and molar ratios indicate interaction with the dolomite hinterland. The pH values confirm alkaline waters characteristic of carbonate aquifers. The hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values suggest the main source of water is from precipitation from a complex mixing of maritime and continental air masses. An altitude isotopic effect is observed with minor δ18O and δ2H depletion at higher altitude sampling sites compared to those springs at lower altitudes. The altitude isotopic effect is most prominent in spring. The δ13CDIC values indicate the dissolution of carbonates and the degradation of organic matter.
利用地球化学和同位素数据研究了乌切亚含水层的地下水特征。地下水和乌恰河的出水量和物理化学特性反映了该地区的气候特征。乌恰河谷的气候特点是雨雪混合型,春季融雪和秋季降水时排水量最大,冬季尤其是夏季排水量最小。地下水和乌恰河的温度冬季较低,夏季较高。比电导率值表明碳酸盐含水层的渗透性很强。所有采样点的电导率值在春季和秋季都较高,这与雨雪天气有关。乌恰含水层的地下水显示出统一的水质类型(Ca-Mg-HCO3),其中 Ca2+、Mg2+ 和 HCO3- 是最丰富的离子。不同采样点的 Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 浓度以及 Mg2+/Ca2+ 摩尔比存在差异。Mg2+ 和 Mg2+/Ca2+ 摩尔比值较低的泉水表明是石灰岩补给区,而 Mg2+ 和 Mg2+ 摩尔比值较高的泉水表明是与白云岩腹地相互作用的泉水。pH 值证实了碳酸盐含水层特有的碱性水。氢(δ2H)和氧(δ18O)同位素值表明,水的主要来源是海洋气团和大陆气团复杂混合产生的降水。在海拔较高的采样点,δ18O 和 δ2H 的损耗比海拔较低的泉水要小,因此可以观察到海拔同位素效应。海拔同位素效应在春季最为突出。δ13CDIC值表明碳酸盐的溶解和有机物的降解。
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引用次数: 0
Letters of Johann Jacob Ferber Geological descriptions of Slovenia from second half of 18th century 约翰-雅各布-费伯 18 世纪下半叶关于斯洛文尼亚地质描述的信件
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.5474/geologija.2023.010
M. Brenčič
The two translations of letters by Johann Jacob Ferber (1743–1790), a Swedish geologist and mineralogist, who travelled through Slovenia in September 1771, are discussed. The first letter addressed to Ignaz von Born was published in the book »Briefe aus Wälschland über natürliche Merkwürdigkeiten dieses Landes an den Herausgeber derselben Ignatz Edlen von Born« published in Prague in 1773, and the second letter to Giovanni Arduino was published in the book »Raccolta di memorie chimico-mineralogiche, metallurgiche, e orittografiche« published in Venice in 1775. Both letters represent an Enlightenment scientific description of the geology of part of what is now Slovenia, based on the geological theories valid at the time. In the article, we provide brief biographies of the actors, translations of the two letters, their commentary and interpretation.
讨论了瑞典地质学家和矿物学家约翰-雅各布-费伯(Johann Jacob Ferber,1743-1790 年)的两封信的译文,他于 1771 年 9 月游历了斯洛文尼亚。第一封写给伊格纳茨-冯-博恩的信发表在 1773 年于布拉格出版的《Briefe aus Wälschland über natürliche Merkwürdigkeiten dieses Landes an den Herausgeber derselben Ignatz Edlen von Born》一书中,第二封写给乔瓦尼-阿尔杜诺的信发表在 1775 年于威尼斯出版的《Raccolta di memorie chimico-mineralogiche, metallurgiche, e orittografiche》一书中。这两封信代表了启蒙运动时期根据当时有效的地质理论对现在斯洛文尼亚部分地区的地质进行的科学描述。在文章中,我们提供了作者的简历、两封信的译文、评论和解释。
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Geologija
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