S. Espinoza, Iván A. Quiroz, C. Magni, Marco A. Yáñez, M. Ivković, R. Ipinza
We evaluated the potential of 19 provenances of the coastal variety of Douglas-fir for commercial plantation development in Southern Chile. Seedlings from 668 families were planted in two trials differing in site preparation and previous land use conditions. Height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume index (VOL), and survival (SUR) were measured on all trees at the age of 10 years. Provenances from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon performed the best at both sites, whereas provenances from east of the Cascade Crest were among the worst. Differences among provenances were not large and average H, DBH, VOL, and SUR across all provenances were 7.3 m, 11.9 cm, 0.06 m3, and 82%, respectively. The results indicate good potential of the species at sites in Southern Chile characterized by high levels of precipitation. Seed sources from coastal Washington and Oregon could provide appropriate planting material under current climate conditions. Study Implications: This study examined the performance in growth and survival of different provenances of Douglas-fir with the intention to inform foresters which are the most appropriate provenances for planting activities. The provenances tested had an average survival of 82%. Provenances originating from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon were the best performing provenances in the study area and can be used as planting material for the establishment of large-scale plantations.
{"title":"Douglas-fir Exhibits High Growth Performance and Survival in Southern Chile","authors":"S. Espinoza, Iván A. Quiroz, C. Magni, Marco A. Yáñez, M. Ivković, R. Ipinza","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We evaluated the potential of 19 provenances of the coastal variety of Douglas-fir for commercial plantation development in Southern Chile. Seedlings from 668 families were planted in two trials differing in site preparation and previous land use conditions. Height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume index (VOL), and survival (SUR) were measured on all trees at the age of 10 years. Provenances from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon performed the best at both sites, whereas provenances from east of the Cascade Crest were among the worst. Differences among provenances were not large and average H, DBH, VOL, and SUR across all provenances were 7.3 m, 11.9 cm, 0.06 m3, and 82%, respectively. The results indicate good potential of the species at sites in Southern Chile characterized by high levels of precipitation. Seed sources from coastal Washington and Oregon could provide appropriate planting material under current climate conditions.\u0000 Study Implications: This study examined the performance in growth and survival of different provenances of Douglas-fir with the intention to inform foresters which are the most appropriate provenances for planting activities. The provenances tested had an average survival of 82%. Provenances originating from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon were the best performing provenances in the study area and can be used as planting material for the establishment of large-scale plantations.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79983932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Renninger, Brent R. Frey, M. Anderson, David L. Evans
The extent of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) has diminished, and federal programs like the Conservation Reserve Program provide incentives to afforest marginal agricultural areas with oaks to provide ecosystem services. Remote sensing technologies, like light detection and ranging (LiDAR), can be used to estimate biomass of these stands to potentially allow landowners to take advantage of carbon markets, but data are expensive to collect. Therefore, we determined whether freely available low-density LiDAR data could capture variability in tree- and stand-level characteristics in the LMAV, including aboveground biomass. We found that multiple regression LiDAR models captured more variability in tree-level than stand-level parameters and including soil type generally improved models. Model r2 values predicting tree and stand parameters including tree height, height to the live crown, quadratic mean diameter, crown area, trees per hectare, stand basal area, and stand biomass ranged from 0.34 to 0.82 and root mean square percent error (RMSPE) ranged from 7% to 36%. Specifically, models for stand biomass had an RMSE of about 19 Mg/ha or about 19% of mean values across sites. Therefore, freely available LiDAR data was useful in evaluating afforested bottomland oak sites for tree- and stand-level structural components in the LMAV. Study Implications: Programs including the conservation reserve program (CRP) incentivize farmers to plant marginal farmland in forests and other land uses to provide wildlife benefits. In particular regard to mitigating climate change, afforestation could additionally uptake carbon and allow landowners to potentially take advantage of carbon markets. However, carbon amounts are difficult to measure over large areas in an efficient and cost-effective way. Remote sensing technologies, like LiDAR, could estimate forest carbon storage, but data collection requires the sensor to be flown aerially over forested areas. However, publicly available LiDAR data already exist for elevation and flood mapping and might additionally be useful to estimate forest carbon. We found that free LiDAR data could adequately estimate forest parameters important for the estimation of carbon storage and sequestration.
{"title":"Using LiDAR Data to Estimate Biomass in Afforested Bottomland Oak Sites in the Southern United States","authors":"H. Renninger, Brent R. Frey, M. Anderson, David L. Evans","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The extent of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) has diminished, and federal programs like the Conservation Reserve Program provide incentives to afforest marginal agricultural areas with oaks to provide ecosystem services. Remote sensing technologies, like light detection and ranging (LiDAR), can be used to estimate biomass of these stands to potentially allow landowners to take advantage of carbon markets, but data are expensive to collect. Therefore, we determined whether freely available low-density LiDAR data could capture variability in tree- and stand-level characteristics in the LMAV, including aboveground biomass. We found that multiple regression LiDAR models captured more variability in tree-level than stand-level parameters and including soil type generally improved models. Model r2 values predicting tree and stand parameters including tree height, height to the live crown, quadratic mean diameter, crown area, trees per hectare, stand basal area, and stand biomass ranged from 0.34 to 0.82 and root mean square percent error (RMSPE) ranged from 7% to 36%. Specifically, models for stand biomass had an RMSE of about 19 Mg/ha or about 19% of mean values across sites. Therefore, freely available LiDAR data was useful in evaluating afforested bottomland oak sites for tree- and stand-level structural components in the LMAV.\u0000 Study Implications: Programs including the conservation reserve program (CRP) incentivize farmers to plant marginal farmland in forests and other land uses to provide wildlife benefits. In particular regard to mitigating climate change, afforestation could additionally uptake carbon and allow landowners to potentially take advantage of carbon markets. However, carbon amounts are difficult to measure over large areas in an efficient and cost-effective way. Remote sensing technologies, like LiDAR, could estimate forest carbon storage, but data collection requires the sensor to be flown aerially over forested areas. However, publicly available LiDAR data already exist for elevation and flood mapping and might additionally be useful to estimate forest carbon. We found that free LiDAR data could adequately estimate forest parameters important for the estimation of carbon storage and sequestration.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74860745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forest Science Mourns the Loss of Scott Roberts","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74403783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Granville, S. Cao, D. Woolford, Colin B. McFayden
Governmental legislation, regulations, and policies are used to prevent and mitigate the negative impact of human-caused wildland fires. In Ontario, Canada, the Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol (MIOP) aims to manage and limit the risk associated with fires ignited because of industrial forestry operations while maintaining flexibility in terms of daily restrictions. The MIOP was enacted in Ontario in 2008, when it replaced the Woods Modifications Guidelines, which had been in effect since 1989. We use quantile regression to quantify how the distribution of incremental growth has changed when contrasting three prevention time periods (MIOP, Woods Guidelines, Pre-Woods) while controlling for several possible confounding variables that drive fire growth. We analyze data of industrial forestry-caused wildland fires ignited on Crown forest land in Ontario from 1976 to 2019. This type of retrospective analysis is important for monitoring the performance of Ontario’s prevention and mitigation efforts and providing insight for the future, especially in a changing environment. Our findings provide evidence of MIOP succeeding at its goal of mitigating the negative impact of ignited industrial forestry fires when compared against previous regulations. Study Implications: Regulations are one avenue for mitigating risk associated with the accidental ignition of fires by forestry operations. The Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol (MIOP) aims to be more flexible than its predecessor, so we investigate whether forestry-caused fires are tending to grow larger or smaller under MIOP compared to previous time periods. Quantile regression allows us to model individual quantiles of the distribution of incremental growth, the difference between a fire’s discovery and final sizes, while controlling for several confounders that influence growth. We find evidence of improvements to the right tail of this distribution, with fires growing less under MIOP.
{"title":"Quantile Regression Analysis of the Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol’s Impact on Forestry Fire Incremental Growth","authors":"Kevin Granville, S. Cao, D. Woolford, Colin B. McFayden","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Governmental legislation, regulations, and policies are used to prevent and mitigate the negative impact of human-caused wildland fires. In Ontario, Canada, the Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol (MIOP) aims to manage and limit the risk associated with fires ignited because of industrial forestry operations while maintaining flexibility in terms of daily restrictions. The MIOP was enacted in Ontario in 2008, when it replaced the Woods Modifications Guidelines, which had been in effect since 1989. We use quantile regression to quantify how the distribution of incremental growth has changed when contrasting three prevention time periods (MIOP, Woods Guidelines, Pre-Woods) while controlling for several possible confounding variables that drive fire growth. We analyze data of industrial forestry-caused wildland fires ignited on Crown forest land in Ontario from 1976 to 2019. This type of retrospective analysis is important for monitoring the performance of Ontario’s prevention and mitigation efforts and providing insight for the future, especially in a changing environment. Our findings provide evidence of MIOP succeeding at its goal of mitigating the negative impact of ignited industrial forestry fires when compared against previous regulations.\u0000 Study Implications: Regulations are one avenue for mitigating risk associated with the accidental ignition of fires by forestry operations. The Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol (MIOP) aims to be more flexible than its predecessor, so we investigate whether forestry-caused fires are tending to grow larger or smaller under MIOP compared to previous time periods. Quantile regression allows us to model individual quantiles of the distribution of incremental growth, the difference between a fire’s discovery and final sizes, while controlling for several confounders that influence growth. We find evidence of improvements to the right tail of this distribution, with fires growing less under MIOP.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83202609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Persistence of Pinyon Pine Snags and Logs in Southwestern Colorado","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135576212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge of seed storage behavior and germination ecology of Fagaceae species is limited to the Quercus genus, prompting the need to investigate other genera. Using Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai acorns collected from China, storage behavior, dormancy type, and germination pattern were investigated by germination and desiccation experiments along with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and photomicrographs. The fairly large-sized acorns with a mass of 1,340 g per 1,000 acorns had a moisture content of 34.5% (fresh weight) at the time of dispersal. There were three distinctive regions: (1) scar (hilum), (2) apex, and (3) pericarp, with an embryonic axis located on the apex side. When tested for germination at 15/20°C, 76.6% of the acorns germinated within the first 3 weeks, indicating nondormancy. However, germination declined to 48% and 3% when dried in silica gel to 26% and 17% moisture content, respectively, confirming the acorns are recalcitrant. Germination was hypogeal. Nonetheless, the elongated cotyledonary petiole establishes an intumescent tubular structure at approximately 7–10 cm from acorns, from which taproots and leaves emerge. The nondormant recalcitrant acorns took 6–8 weeks to complete the germination process (from imbibition to leaf emergence), possibly indicating the presence of epicotyl dormancy. This is the first study on Lithocarpus showing intumescent tubular structure development during germination. The ecological significance of this structure requires further investigation.
{"title":"Seed Storage, Dormancy, and Germination Behavior in Lithocarpus glaber (Fagaceae)","authors":"G. Jaganathan","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge of seed storage behavior and germination ecology of Fagaceae species is limited to the Quercus genus, prompting the need to investigate other genera. Using Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai acorns collected from China, storage behavior, dormancy type, and germination pattern were investigated by germination and desiccation experiments along with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and photomicrographs. The fairly large-sized acorns with a mass of 1,340 g per 1,000 acorns had a moisture content of 34.5% (fresh weight) at the time of dispersal. There were three distinctive regions: (1) scar (hilum), (2) apex, and (3) pericarp, with an embryonic axis located on the apex side. When tested for germination at 15/20°C, 76.6% of the acorns germinated within the first 3 weeks, indicating nondormancy. However, germination declined to 48% and 3% when dried in silica gel to 26% and 17% moisture content, respectively, confirming the acorns are recalcitrant. Germination was hypogeal. Nonetheless, the elongated cotyledonary petiole establishes an intumescent tubular structure at approximately 7–10 cm from acorns, from which taproots and leaves emerge. The nondormant recalcitrant acorns took 6–8 weeks to complete the germination process (from imbibition to leaf emergence), possibly indicating the presence of epicotyl dormancy. This is the first study on Lithocarpus showing intumescent tubular structure development during germination. The ecological significance of this structure requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83489303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Solgi, A. Cerdà, Ali Masumian, M. Rabiee, F. Behjou, Razieh Ghasemi Vojoodi
Mulches can be effective for reducing sediment loss and erosion from forest harvesting activities. This study evaluates the use of rice straw and sawdust as mulch covers for skid trails on clay loam soil. The treatments with three replications each included combinations of two levels of slope gradient (≤ 20% and > 20%), three types of mulch cover (bare soil, sawdust, and rice straw cover), three levels of mulching application schemes (1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of the plot length), and two levels of surface cover rates (50% and 70%). Increasing levels of mulch cover had significantly lower runoff and sediment yields throughout the trails. The average runoff rates and sediment yield from the machine operating trails treated with sawdust cover (SC) (30.2 l and 2.7 g m-2) were lower than on trails covered with rice straw mulch (RSC) (36.8 l and 3.5 g m-2), which were, in turn, lower than on untreated bare soil (BS) trail sectors (48.80 l and 5.34 g m-2). Overall, mulching was more effective when applied over the entire plot length than over the 1/3 and 2/3 plots length strips, both in terms of runoff and sediment yield. Study Implications: We found that soil loss depended strongly on the slope gradient. Mulch cover had a significant improvement effect on the surface runoff and sediment yield, and mulching was more effective when applied over the entire plot length.
覆盖物可以有效地减少森林采伐活动造成的沉积物损失和侵蚀。本研究评价了在粘壤土上使用稻草和锯末作为地膜覆盖滑痕的效果。3个重复处理包括2级坡度(≤20%和> 20%)、3种覆盖类型(裸土、木屑和稻草覆盖)、3级覆盖方案(地长1/3、2/3和3/3)和2级地表覆盖率(50%和70%)的组合。增加地膜覆盖水平显著降低了整个小径的径流和沉积物产量。锯末覆盖(SC)处理的机器运行路径的平均径流量和产沙量(30.2 l和2.7 g m-2)低于覆盖水稻秸秆(RSC)的路径(36.8 l和3.5 g m-2)，而未处理的裸土(BS)路径部分(48.80 l和5.34 g m-2)。总体而言，在整个地块长度上覆盖比在1/3和2/3地块长度上覆盖更有效，无论是径流量还是产沙量。研究意义:土壤流失量与坡地坡度密切相关。地膜覆盖对地表径流和产沙量有显著的改善作用，且覆盖整个地块时效果更好。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Sawdust and Rice Straw Mulch Strips to Control Runoff and Sediment Yield in Skid Trails","authors":"A. Solgi, A. Cerdà, Ali Masumian, M. Rabiee, F. Behjou, Razieh Ghasemi Vojoodi","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mulches can be effective for reducing sediment loss and erosion from forest harvesting activities. This study evaluates the use of rice straw and sawdust as mulch covers for skid trails on clay loam soil. The treatments with three replications each included combinations of two levels of slope gradient (≤ 20% and > 20%), three types of mulch cover (bare soil, sawdust, and rice straw cover), three levels of mulching application schemes (1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of the plot length), and two levels of surface cover rates (50% and 70%). Increasing levels of mulch cover had significantly lower runoff and sediment yields throughout the trails. The average runoff rates and sediment yield from the machine operating trails treated with sawdust cover (SC) (30.2 l and 2.7 g m-2) were lower than on trails covered with rice straw mulch (RSC) (36.8 l and 3.5 g m-2), which were, in turn, lower than on untreated bare soil (BS) trail sectors (48.80 l and 5.34 g m-2). Overall, mulching was more effective when applied over the entire plot length than over the 1/3 and 2/3 plots length strips, both in terms of runoff and sediment yield.\u0000 Study Implications: We found that soil loss depended strongly on the slope gradient. Mulch cover had a significant improvement effect on the surface runoff and sediment yield, and mulching was more effective when applied over the entire plot length.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82396989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. McCarty, D. Clabo, D. Dickens, Cassandra Waldrop, K. Gandhi, C. Villari
The Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) (Rhyacionia frustrana Comstock) is a regeneration pest of young loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) that causes tree deformity, shoot dieback, and growth declines. Different silvicultural techniques are used to grow loblolly pine more effectively, including improved genotypes. Some scientists and growers have hypothesized that more expensive full-sibling families (control-pollinated [CP]) seedlings may be more susceptible to NPTM than open-pollinated (OP) families. The study objective was to assess the susceptibility to NPTM of seven loblolly OP and CP families commonly planted in the southeastern United States by observing NPTM infestation rates and pine growth metrics (height, groundline diameter, volume index, and stem form) over two growing seasons. The NPTM infestation rates varied throughout both growing seasons; however, there was no difference in infestation rates among any of the families. Pine growth metrics varied among families at the time of planting; however, growth metrics did not vary after the first and second growing seasons. Results of this study suggest that NPTM management tactics, such as insecticide use, should not be prioritized based on loblolly pine families alone, as the CP families assessed in this study were not more susceptible to NPTM than OP families. Study Implications: In this study, five open-pollinated half-sibling families and two control-pollinated full-sibling families had no differences in Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) infestation rates through two growing seasons (2019–2020). High infestation rates (greater than the 3-year 30% NPTM infestation rate economic injury levels) in September and October for both years and each genotype indicated that NPTM control measures may be warranted for young plantations in the Atlantic Lower Coastal Plain. Growth and stem form differences by genotype had not occurred after two growing seasons but may develop as these stands age and merits their future monitoring.
{"title":"Loblolly Pine Susceptibility to Nantucket Pine Tip Moth: Do Tree Genetics Play a Role?","authors":"E. McCarty, D. Clabo, D. Dickens, Cassandra Waldrop, K. Gandhi, C. Villari","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) (Rhyacionia frustrana Comstock) is a regeneration pest of young loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) that causes tree deformity, shoot dieback, and growth declines. Different silvicultural techniques are used to grow loblolly pine more effectively, including improved genotypes. Some scientists and growers have hypothesized that more expensive full-sibling families (control-pollinated [CP]) seedlings may be more susceptible to NPTM than open-pollinated (OP) families. The study objective was to assess the susceptibility to NPTM of seven loblolly OP and CP families commonly planted in the southeastern United States by observing NPTM infestation rates and pine growth metrics (height, groundline diameter, volume index, and stem form) over two growing seasons. The NPTM infestation rates varied throughout both growing seasons; however, there was no difference in infestation rates among any of the families. Pine growth metrics varied among families at the time of planting; however, growth metrics did not vary after the first and second growing seasons. Results of this study suggest that NPTM management tactics, such as insecticide use, should not be prioritized based on loblolly pine families alone, as the CP families assessed in this study were not more susceptible to NPTM than OP families.\u0000 Study Implications: In this study, five open-pollinated half-sibling families and two control-pollinated full-sibling families had no differences in Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) infestation rates through two growing seasons (2019–2020). High infestation rates (greater than the 3-year 30% NPTM infestation rate economic injury levels) in September and October for both years and each genotype indicated that NPTM control measures may be warranted for young plantations in the Atlantic Lower Coastal Plain. Growth and stem form differences by genotype had not occurred after two growing seasons but may develop as these stands age and merits their future monitoring.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"9 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80440654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is caused by the pine wilt nematode and is a tremendous threat to coniferous forests. Remote sensing, particularly hyperspectral remote sensing, has been utilized to identify PWD. However, most studies have focused on distinguishing the spectra between infected and healthy pine trees and ignored further visualization of spectral symptoms, which could greatly improve the pre-visual diagnosis of PWD. This research used the false color feature maps (FCFMs) synthesized using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ratio vegetation index (RVI) calculated from selected feature bands to analyze the changes in the spectral and image dimensions of the hyperspectral data. Our main findings were (1) the confirmed feature bands were 440, 550, 672, 752, 810, and 958 nm; and (2) NDVI (810, 440), NDVI (810, 672), NDVI (550, 672), RVI (810, 550), RVI (810, 672), and RVI (550, 672) were suitable to synthesize the FCFMs. As PWD developed, the color of the infected needles changed from blue and white to red on the NDVI-based feature maps and from blue to red on the RVI-based feature maps. Importantly, the color changes were captured by the FCFMs when the symptoms were not visible on the true color images, indicating the ability to identify PWD during the early infection stage. Study Implications: Many studies on PWD detection using remote sensing only focus on spectral information but ignore image information. In this article, a method was proposed to comprehensively utilize the spectral and image information of hyperspectral data. In addition, the ground-level imaging spectrometer was used to collected hyperspectral data of lateral branches of infected pine trees, which has rarely been the focus of other remote sensing platforms. This research helps to identify PWD as early as possible and thereby reduces the damage of PWD to pine forest resources.
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis of Early Stage Pine Wilt Disease in Pinus massoniana Using Ground-level Hyperspectral Imaging","authors":"Jie Pan, Tianyi Xie, Cheng You, Xiuli Xia","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pine wilt disease (PWD) is caused by the pine wilt nematode and is a tremendous threat to coniferous forests. Remote sensing, particularly hyperspectral remote sensing, has been utilized to identify PWD. However, most studies have focused on distinguishing the spectra between infected and healthy pine trees and ignored further visualization of spectral symptoms, which could greatly improve the pre-visual diagnosis of PWD. This research used the false color feature maps (FCFMs) synthesized using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ratio vegetation index (RVI) calculated from selected feature bands to analyze the changes in the spectral and image dimensions of the hyperspectral data. Our main findings were (1) the confirmed feature bands were 440, 550, 672, 752, 810, and 958 nm; and (2) NDVI (810, 440), NDVI (810, 672), NDVI (550, 672), RVI (810, 550), RVI (810, 672), and RVI (550, 672) were suitable to synthesize the FCFMs. As PWD developed, the color of the infected needles changed from blue and white to red on the NDVI-based feature maps and from blue to red on the RVI-based feature maps. Importantly, the color changes were captured by the FCFMs when the symptoms were not visible on the true color images, indicating the ability to identify PWD during the early infection stage.\u0000 Study Implications: Many studies on PWD detection using remote sensing only focus on spectral information but ignore image information. In this article, a method was proposed to comprehensively utilize the spectral and image information of hyperspectral data. In addition, the ground-level imaging spectrometer was used to collected hyperspectral data of lateral branches of infected pine trees, which has rarely been the focus of other remote sensing platforms. This research helps to identify PWD as early as possible and thereby reduces the damage of PWD to pine forest resources.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83084829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Private forestland has become more fragmented in the United States. Management activities on forestland are usually infrequent compared with those on other types of land (e.g., farmland), which makes forestland prone to the claim of adverse possession. In this study, the legal environment of adverse possession as a method of acquiring title to forestland in the United States is examined. Statutes in fifty states as of November 2021 and 243 published legal cases from 1802 to 2021 are identified and analyzed. Content analysis reveals that state statutes have defined seventy-seven statutory periods, with an average of thirteen years. Empirical evidence from the cases discloses that quiet-title action has been the dominant lawsuit type, the activities by adverse possessors on forestland are mainly related to timber and tax payment, and actual use and the continuous period of possession are the most commonly examined elements. An adverse possessor without any title to the disputed land can use forestland, but the probability of receiving a title is small. When forest landowners have a portion of property rights of the disputed land, they have extensively used adverse possession as a legal tool to clean the title. Study Implications For adverse possession on forestland, statutory and common laws have defined similar fundamentals through the statutes in 50 states and 243 cases published over 200 years. The doctrine of adverse possession is a double-edged sword. If a landowner does not manage the land for an extended period, the law allows the title to be claimed by another person who can use the land better for society. Nevertheless, the legal requirements are high, and the probability of receiving a title through naked possession is low. Forest landowners with defective titles have also widely used the law to clean their titles.
{"title":"Legal Environment of Adverse Possession on Forestland and Empirical Evidence from the Past 200 Years","authors":"Changyou Sun, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1093/forsci/fxad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Private forestland has become more fragmented in the United States. Management activities on forestland are usually infrequent compared with those on other types of land (e.g., farmland), which makes forestland prone to the claim of adverse possession. In this study, the legal environment of adverse possession as a method of acquiring title to forestland in the United States is examined. Statutes in fifty states as of November 2021 and 243 published legal cases from 1802 to 2021 are identified and analyzed. Content analysis reveals that state statutes have defined seventy-seven statutory periods, with an average of thirteen years. Empirical evidence from the cases discloses that quiet-title action has been the dominant lawsuit type, the activities by adverse possessors on forestland are mainly related to timber and tax payment, and actual use and the continuous period of possession are the most commonly examined elements. An adverse possessor without any title to the disputed land can use forestland, but the probability of receiving a title is small. When forest landowners have a portion of property rights of the disputed land, they have extensively used adverse possession as a legal tool to clean the title.\u0000 Study Implications For adverse possession on forestland, statutory and common laws have defined similar fundamentals through the statutes in 50 states and 243 cases published over 200 years. The doctrine of adverse possession is a double-edged sword. If a landowner does not manage the land for an extended period, the law allows the title to be claimed by another person who can use the land better for society. Nevertheless, the legal requirements are high, and the probability of receiving a title through naked possession is low. Forest landowners with defective titles have also widely used the law to clean their titles.","PeriodicalId":12749,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72959882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：