Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551115
M. Tayel, H. Shalaby, H. Saleh
A neural network model of visual pattern recognition, called the Necognitron, was previously proposed by Kunihiko Fukushima (1988). After training, it can recognize the input pattern without being affected by a change in size or a shift in position. The Fukushima model possesses several appealing categories so that its application would not be restricted to the process of pattern recognition. It can be applied to many other fields if its details are modified properly. With the model's ability of selective attention, gain control and perfect recall for deformed patterns, as a model of associative memory, it would be possible to endow the data compression problem. This article proposes a learning scheme that embeds the Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) transform basis technique into the structure of a Fukushima based neural network to compress the Arabic alphabetic patterns data as well as to reduce the input dimensionality for the network training. Despite that, the input pattern can still be recognized and reconstructed from a few local features. The proposed scheme converges the connections weight vectors to the principal eigenvectors, that retains the maximum information contained in the Arabic alphabetic patterns set into a few significant local features and reduces the redundancies present among the inputs to the perceptual layer. The learning process not only leads to efficient data compression and reconstruction but also enhances the network's ability of feature extraction and Arabic alphabetic recognition.
{"title":"Winner-take-all neural network for visual handwritten character recognition","authors":"M. Tayel, H. Shalaby, H. Saleh","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551115","url":null,"abstract":"A neural network model of visual pattern recognition, called the Necognitron, was previously proposed by Kunihiko Fukushima (1988). After training, it can recognize the input pattern without being affected by a change in size or a shift in position. The Fukushima model possesses several appealing categories so that its application would not be restricted to the process of pattern recognition. It can be applied to many other fields if its details are modified properly. With the model's ability of selective attention, gain control and perfect recall for deformed patterns, as a model of associative memory, it would be possible to endow the data compression problem. This article proposes a learning scheme that embeds the Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) transform basis technique into the structure of a Fukushima based neural network to compress the Arabic alphabetic patterns data as well as to reduce the input dimensionality for the network training. Despite that, the input pattern can still be recognized and reconstructed from a few local features. The proposed scheme converges the connections weight vectors to the principal eigenvectors, that retains the maximum information contained in the Arabic alphabetic patterns set into a few significant local features and reduces the redundancies present among the inputs to the perceptual layer. The learning process not only leads to efficient data compression and reconstruction but also enhances the network's ability of feature extraction and Arabic alphabetic recognition.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128105719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551124
E. Korany
One major problem of lossless image compression is the lower compression ratio obtained. This is due to the wide spatial bandwidth of image pixel intensities. In this paper we describe an approach for reduction of satellite image spatial bandwidth thus improving the compression ratio. In this approach we code image pixels in a predetermined sequence, predicting each pixel's intensity using a fixed linear combination of a fixed constellation of nearby pixels, then coding the prediction error. Computer experiments have been performed on various satellite images to evaluate the performance of different prediction models on improving the compression ratio.
{"title":"Prediction model selection for compression of satellite images","authors":"E. Korany","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551124","url":null,"abstract":"One major problem of lossless image compression is the lower compression ratio obtained. This is due to the wide spatial bandwidth of image pixel intensities. In this paper we describe an approach for reduction of satellite image spatial bandwidth thus improving the compression ratio. In this approach we code image pixels in a predetermined sequence, predicting each pixel's intensity using a fixed linear combination of a fixed constellation of nearby pixels, then coding the prediction error. Computer experiments have been performed on various satellite images to evaluate the performance of different prediction models on improving the compression ratio.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115875383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551123
M. Abo-Elsoud, H. Soliman, H. El-Bakry, H. El-Mikati
Single-layer training for high speed English capital or small letters recognition is presented. A new approach to the hardware implementation of the artificial processing element (PE) and control circuits with learning is introduced. The programmable synaptic weights are computed during the training period by a software program. The proposed learning algorithm is very fast and significant in many ways. The results are computed in real time and appear to be perfect. This system is very suitable for analog-digital VLSI implementation.
{"title":"A single layer training for high speed character recognition","authors":"M. Abo-Elsoud, H. Soliman, H. El-Bakry, H. El-Mikati","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551123","url":null,"abstract":"Single-layer training for high speed English capital or small letters recognition is presented. A new approach to the hardware implementation of the artificial processing element (PE) and control circuits with learning is introduced. The programmable synaptic weights are computed during the training period by a software program. The proposed learning algorithm is very fast and significant in many ways. The results are computed in real time and appear to be perfect. This system is very suitable for analog-digital VLSI implementation.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124854969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551131
M. Bishara, O. Ata, M. Faulkner
Most cellular radio systems provide for the use of transmitter power control to reduce co-channel interference for a given channel allocation. Efficient interference management aims at achieving acceptable carrier to interference ratios (CIR) in all active communication links within the system. This paper is a study of the effect of decreasing the power from interferer sources in a frequency-reuse system on the co-channel interference and cellular channel capacity. It also provides a comparative cumulative distribution function (CDF) probability performance study for the AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) systems at the pertaining CIR levels of 18 dB and 11 dB respectively. A 7 cell cluster is used throughout the simulations, in line with the AMPS system. However a 3 cell cluster is used for the GSM frequency-reuse model.
{"title":"Effect of power change from interferer sources on the CDF probability in a mobile radio cellular system","authors":"M. Bishara, O. Ata, M. Faulkner","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551131","url":null,"abstract":"Most cellular radio systems provide for the use of transmitter power control to reduce co-channel interference for a given channel allocation. Efficient interference management aims at achieving acceptable carrier to interference ratios (CIR) in all active communication links within the system. This paper is a study of the effect of decreasing the power from interferer sources in a frequency-reuse system on the co-channel interference and cellular channel capacity. It also provides a comparative cumulative distribution function (CDF) probability performance study for the AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) systems at the pertaining CIR levels of 18 dB and 11 dB respectively. A 7 cell cluster is used throughout the simulations, in line with the AMPS system. However a 3 cell cluster is used for the GSM frequency-reuse model.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129602979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551113
E. Saad, I.E. Talkhan, I. M. Sayed
An ATE-system that can perform digital system testing to localize the faulty part is developed. The test system strategy is based on system and/or board partitioning and hierarchical testing. Testing takes place automatically by software programs within complete test packages including test models, test simulation, fault detection and fault diagnosis.
{"title":"A proposed ATE for digital systems","authors":"E. Saad, I.E. Talkhan, I. M. Sayed","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551113","url":null,"abstract":"An ATE-system that can perform digital system testing to localize the faulty part is developed. The test system strategy is based on system and/or board partitioning and hierarchical testing. Testing takes place automatically by software programs within complete test packages including test models, test simulation, fault detection and fault diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121221460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551154
J. Stepp
A description is given of the low-level RF circuitry for the several 1-MW RF systems for the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) booster synchrotron and storage ring. The control circuits, including phase and amplitude feedback loops for the acceleration voltage, and a phase feedback loop for the klystron phase ripple are described. Initial operation of the systems are outlined. Synchronization of the voltages for bucket-to-bucket beam transfer between the two accelerators is also described with data showing typical operation.
{"title":"Initial operation of the low power level circuits of the APS synchrotron and storage ring RF acceleration systems","authors":"J. Stepp","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551154","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the low-level RF circuitry for the several 1-MW RF systems for the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) booster synchrotron and storage ring. The control circuits, including phase and amplitude feedback loops for the acceleration voltage, and a phase feedback loop for the klystron phase ripple are described. Initial operation of the systems are outlined. Synchronization of the voltages for bucket-to-bucket beam transfer between the two accelerators is also described with data showing typical operation.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133718994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551152
I. Mahmoud
This paper advocates the use of linear objective function in analytic analog placement. The role of linear and quadratic objective functions in the behavior and results of an analog placement algorithm based on the force directed method is discussed. Experimental results for a MCNC benchmark circuit and another one from text books are shown to demonstrate the effect of a linear and quadratic objective function on the analog constraints satisfaction and CPU time. By introducing linear objective function to the algorithm, we obtain better placements in terms of analog constraint satisfaction and computation cost than in case of conventional quadratic objective function.
{"title":"Linear and quadratic objective function effects on force directed method based analog placement","authors":"I. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551152","url":null,"abstract":"This paper advocates the use of linear objective function in analytic analog placement. The role of linear and quadratic objective functions in the behavior and results of an analog placement algorithm based on the force directed method is discussed. Experimental results for a MCNC benchmark circuit and another one from text books are shown to demonstrate the effect of a linear and quadratic objective function on the analog constraints satisfaction and CPU time. By introducing linear objective function to the algorithm, we obtain better placements in terms of analog constraint satisfaction and computation cost than in case of conventional quadratic objective function.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132977818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551097
S. E. El-Khamy, Masoud Alghoniemy
The wavelet transform (WT) is an efficient time-frequency signal processing tool. In the first part of this paper, a general review of the characteristics of some of the popular time-frequency representations (TFRs) is given. In particular we review the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the Wigner distribution (WD). The WT is then reviewed in detail as well as the discrete (orthogonal) wavelet transform (DWT). It is shown that the WT overcomes the main drawbacks of the STFT and the WD w.r.t. simultaneous time and frequency resolution. In the second part of the paper, we present a contribution dealing with a new application of the DWT. In particular, we show that by using orthogonal wavelet basis functions, we achieve a considerable reduction in the data storage needed for the matched receiver of chirp signals. Linear and nonlinear chirp signals with Gaussian envelopes are considered. The simulation results show that with more than 80% reduction, the performance of the matched filter (mismatched in this case) is very close to that of the classical MF receiver without data compression. The results are very important for chirp pulse compression radar systems as well as for digital communication and multiple-access systems based on the use of chirp signals.
{"title":"The wavelet transform: a review and application to enhanced data storage reduction in mismatched filter receivers","authors":"S. E. El-Khamy, Masoud Alghoniemy","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551097","url":null,"abstract":"The wavelet transform (WT) is an efficient time-frequency signal processing tool. In the first part of this paper, a general review of the characteristics of some of the popular time-frequency representations (TFRs) is given. In particular we review the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the Wigner distribution (WD). The WT is then reviewed in detail as well as the discrete (orthogonal) wavelet transform (DWT). It is shown that the WT overcomes the main drawbacks of the STFT and the WD w.r.t. simultaneous time and frequency resolution. In the second part of the paper, we present a contribution dealing with a new application of the DWT. In particular, we show that by using orthogonal wavelet basis functions, we achieve a considerable reduction in the data storage needed for the matched receiver of chirp signals. Linear and nonlinear chirp signals with Gaussian envelopes are considered. The simulation results show that with more than 80% reduction, the performance of the matched filter (mismatched in this case) is very close to that of the classical MF receiver without data compression. The results are very important for chirp pulse compression radar systems as well as for digital communication and multiple-access systems based on the use of chirp signals.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127295443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551104
M.H. Adb El-Azeem, M. Sobhy, E. A. Hosny
The 3-D transmission line matrix (TLM) method is used to calculate the input impedance of patch antennas. The feed line to the antenna is simulated using a TEM line consisting of two electric and two magnetic walls. This simulation has the advantages of matching to the input microstrip and of having a known reference impedance. These two advantages makes accurate calculation of the input impedance possible. The results were compared to previously published measured data.
{"title":"Calculating the impedance of patch antennas using TLM","authors":"M.H. Adb El-Azeem, M. Sobhy, E. A. Hosny","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551104","url":null,"abstract":"The 3-D transmission line matrix (TLM) method is used to calculate the input impedance of patch antennas. The feed line to the antenna is simulated using a TEM line consisting of two electric and two magnetic walls. This simulation has the advantages of matching to the input microstrip and of having a known reference impedance. These two advantages makes accurate calculation of the input impedance possible. The results were compared to previously published measured data.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121840265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-19DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.1996.551133
M. Abo-Zahhad, S.M. Ahmed
An interactive filter design program suitable for both experts and non-experts is described. It can be used for the design and synthesis of 64 filter families. These include: lumped, wave-digital (WD) FIR and IIR filters where each may be lowpass, highpass, band rejection, bandpass or phase corrector. Four amplitude approximation functions are available for all these cases; namely Butterworth, Chebyshev, inverse Chebyshev and elliptic approximation functions. Although it operates in both batch and interactive modes, this paper deals exclusively with the interactive mode which is somewhat more general and very easy to use. The filter designer offers superior accuracy and flexibility in manipulating filters with different specifications and network realizations. The synthesized networks are in the form of an LC ladder for lumped filters; lattice and bireciprocal for wave-digital filters: direct form for FIR filters as well as direct, cascade and parallel realizations for IIR filters. Utilities are given for the analysis of the amplitude, phase and group delay for all possible filter designs. In addition, pole-zero patterns and network realization are available in both numerical and graphical formats. Examples illustrating different design and synthesize capabilities are given.
{"title":"Filter designer: a complete design and synthesis program for lumped, wave-digital, FIR and IIR filters","authors":"M. Abo-Zahhad, S.M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/NRSC.1996.551133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.1996.551133","url":null,"abstract":"An interactive filter design program suitable for both experts and non-experts is described. It can be used for the design and synthesis of 64 filter families. These include: lumped, wave-digital (WD) FIR and IIR filters where each may be lowpass, highpass, band rejection, bandpass or phase corrector. Four amplitude approximation functions are available for all these cases; namely Butterworth, Chebyshev, inverse Chebyshev and elliptic approximation functions. Although it operates in both batch and interactive modes, this paper deals exclusively with the interactive mode which is somewhat more general and very easy to use. The filter designer offers superior accuracy and flexibility in manipulating filters with different specifications and network realizations. The synthesized networks are in the form of an LC ladder for lumped filters; lattice and bireciprocal for wave-digital filters: direct form for FIR filters as well as direct, cascade and parallel realizations for IIR filters. Utilities are given for the analysis of the amplitude, phase and group delay for all possible filter designs. In addition, pole-zero patterns and network realization are available in both numerical and graphical formats. Examples illustrating different design and synthesize capabilities are given.","PeriodicalId":127585,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth National Radio Science Conference. NRSC '96","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131283621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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