Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581167
M. Chinchu, M. Supriya
Real time underwater target recognition is one of the specific areas where the latest research is being undertaken. Each underwater target has got an acoustic signature called feature. These features are used to identify an acoustic target. The main component of such a system is a classifier, whose performance depends mainly on the feature extraction method and classification algorithm being used here. Mel frequency Cepstral coefficients technique (MFCC) is used for feature extraction. Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is employed as the classification algorithm and the entire system is implemented using Labview. The system can identify underwater targets in run time.
{"title":"Real time target recognition using Labview","authors":"M. Chinchu, M. Supriya","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581167","url":null,"abstract":"Real time underwater target recognition is one of the specific areas where the latest research is being undertaken. Each underwater target has got an acoustic signature called feature. These features are used to identify an acoustic target. The main component of such a system is a classifier, whose performance depends mainly on the feature extraction method and classification algorithm being used here. Mel frequency Cepstral coefficients technique (MFCC) is used for feature extraction. Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is employed as the classification algorithm and the entire system is implemented using Labview. The system can identify underwater targets in run time.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120873697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581162
R. Kannan, G. Latha, M. Devi
Multi Beam Echo Sounder (MBES) collects bathymetry and backscatter data simultaneously and has an advantage of wide coverage over seafloor. The multibeam data collected at sites off Chennai using Kongsberg EM1002 is corrected using PROBASI II software like heading, position, and slope. We analyzed the effect of gridding on corrected MBES data for grid cells of different sizes such as 2.5, 3.5, 4, 5 m and 7m by assigning "Mean", "Most frequent" and "Maximum" grid methods. In order to know the effect of centre beam pattern, backscatter images for all methods and grid cell sizes are generated. From the results, it is observed that the mean grid method with 5 m grid cell size is the optimum grid technique with reduced centre beam pattern. This is the first time an optimum grid technique is initiated for the analysis of MBES data collected in theBay of Bengal.
{"title":"Optimum statistical gridding technique for multi beam echo sounder (MBES) data processing","authors":"R. Kannan, G. Latha, M. Devi","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581162","url":null,"abstract":"Multi Beam Echo Sounder (MBES) collects bathymetry and backscatter data simultaneously and has an advantage of wide coverage over seafloor. The multibeam data collected at sites off Chennai using Kongsberg EM1002 is corrected using PROBASI II software like heading, position, and slope. We analyzed the effect of gridding on corrected MBES data for grid cells of different sizes such as 2.5, 3.5, 4, 5 m and 7m by assigning \"Mean\", \"Most frequent\" and \"Maximum\" grid methods. In order to know the effect of centre beam pattern, backscatter images for all methods and grid cell sizes are generated. From the results, it is observed that the mean grid method with 5 m grid cell size is the optimum grid technique with reduced centre beam pattern. This is the first time an optimum grid technique is initiated for the analysis of MBES data collected in theBay of Bengal.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130800170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581166
Alex Raj S. M, M. Supriya
In this paper, hardware implementation of an improved image enhancement technique using single scale retinex algorithm is proposed. Considering the real scene, the dynamic range of digital camera is narrower and hence contrast correction is required to reproduce the information in darker regions. In the proposed method, an input RGB color image is converted to YCbCr color space, and Y and Cr component is modified as the variations in blue components are nominal. In enhancing Y and Cr component, the Gaussian surround function is convolved to it and then the difference between scaled version of Y and Cr component and the convolved one is added to the original one. The algorithm is implemented in FPGA board. FPGA platform is preferred as it's ability to perform parallel algorithm due to it's inherent parallelism.
{"title":"Underwater image enhancement using single scale retinex on a reconfigurable hardware","authors":"Alex Raj S. M, M. Supriya","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581166","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, hardware implementation of an improved image enhancement technique using single scale retinex algorithm is proposed. Considering the real scene, the dynamic range of digital camera is narrower and hence contrast correction is required to reproduce the information in darker regions. In the proposed method, an input RGB color image is converted to YCbCr color space, and Y and Cr component is modified as the variations in blue components are nominal. In enhancing Y and Cr component, the Gaussian surround function is convolved to it and then the difference between scaled version of Y and Cr component and the convolved one is added to the original one. The algorithm is implemented in FPGA board. FPGA platform is preferred as it's ability to perform parallel algorithm due to it's inherent parallelism.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134093802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581178
Sujith Kumar S. Pai, P. Prasanth, M. Supriya, P. R. Saseendran Pillai
An instrumentation platform, comprising of an acquisition hardware, signal conditioning module, hydrophones and a host PC, has been developed for the ocean noise data acquisition and analysis. The software used for the platform provides interfaces to acquisition hardware and recorded sound files. It also features a GUI frame work for the display, monitoring and analysis of the data. Several recordings of the ocean noise data waveforms have been made using this instrumentation platform during the recent acoustic surveys in FORV Sagar Sampada and the recorded sound files have been analysed for generating the spectrogram, power spectrum and time series representations.
{"title":"Development of an instrumentation platform for ocean noise data acquisition and analysis","authors":"Sujith Kumar S. Pai, P. Prasanth, M. Supriya, P. R. Saseendran Pillai","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581178","url":null,"abstract":"An instrumentation platform, comprising of an acquisition hardware, signal conditioning module, hydrophones and a host PC, has been developed for the ocean noise data acquisition and analysis. The software used for the platform provides interfaces to acquisition hardware and recorded sound files. It also features a GUI frame work for the display, monitoring and analysis of the data. Several recordings of the ocean noise data waveforms have been made using this instrumentation platform during the recent acoustic surveys in FORV Sagar Sampada and the recorded sound files have been analysed for generating the spectrogram, power spectrum and time series representations.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122490019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581176
G. Potty, James H. Miller
Extraction of shear wave speed in the sediment based on Scholte wave measurements is a well-established technique in ocean acoustics. One of the problems encountered while processing the Scholte wave data is the effect of higher order modes. Often it becomes hard to identify and separate out the multiple modes when they are present. This could result in incorrect estimation of phase velocities. Empirical Mode Decomposition based techniques are used in this study to explore the possibility of identifying higher order modes. Scholte wave data acquired in shallow water using a geophone array is used in this study.
{"title":"Empirical mode decomposition based techniques for the estimation of experimental scholte wave dispersion","authors":"G. Potty, James H. Miller","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581176","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction of shear wave speed in the sediment based on Scholte wave measurements is a well-established technique in ocean acoustics. One of the problems encountered while processing the Scholte wave data is the effect of higher order modes. Often it becomes hard to identify and separate out the multiple modes when they are present. This could result in incorrect estimation of phase velocities. Empirical Mode Decomposition based techniques are used in this study to explore the possibility of identifying higher order modes. Scholte wave data acquired in shallow water using a geophone array is used in this study.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123182700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581168
C. S. Chandran, S. Kamal, A. Mujeeb, M. Supriya
Improving the generalization capability of a target classifier has become one of the primary challenges in underwater target recognition systems. This paper addresses the task of classification in the framework of ill-posed inverse problems, and discusses the problem of overfitting, the solution to which has been formulated using the technique of regularization. l 2 norm regularization on a logistic regression classifier has been implemented utilizing Newton's method to minimize the cost function for parameter optimization. Evaluation results with the help of Receiver Operating Characteristics and classification accuracy reveal the performance improvement of the classifier while making predictions on unseen samples.
{"title":"An l 2-norm regularized underwater target classifier with improved generalization capability","authors":"C. S. Chandran, S. Kamal, A. Mujeeb, M. Supriya","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581168","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the generalization capability of a target classifier has become one of the primary challenges in underwater target recognition systems. This paper addresses the task of classification in the framework of ill-posed inverse problems, and discusses the problem of overfitting, the solution to which has been formulated using the technique of regularization. l 2 norm regularization on a logistic regression classifier has been implemented utilizing Newton's method to minimize the cost function for parameter optimization. Evaluation results with the help of Receiver Operating Characteristics and classification accuracy reveal the performance improvement of the classifier while making predictions on unseen samples.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120806298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581175
M. R. Devi, N. S. Kumar, Jinu Joseph
Compressed sensing is a revolutionary paradigm in data acquisition and processing, having impact in several fields. In the complex environment of ocean medium, where early detection of underwater targets is vital, compressed sensing assumes great significance as it brings down the computational resource requirements by reducing the data rates and hardware.In this paper DOA estimation is attempted with a linear array targeting underwater vessels. Array processing is investigated with compressed sensing based techniques and adaptive beam forming. Sparse reconstruction models are developed in this context for signal recovery. Finally the algorithms are validated on a real data set collected from an ocean experiment.
{"title":"Sparse reconstruction based direction of arrival estimation of underwater targets","authors":"M. R. Devi, N. S. Kumar, Jinu Joseph","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581175","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed sensing is a revolutionary paradigm in data acquisition and processing, having impact in several fields. In the complex environment of ocean medium, where early detection of underwater targets is vital, compressed sensing assumes great significance as it brings down the computational resource requirements by reducing the data rates and hardware.In this paper DOA estimation is attempted with a linear array targeting underwater vessels. Array processing is investigated with compressed sensing based techniques and adaptive beam forming. Sparse reconstruction models are developed in this context for signal recovery. Finally the algorithms are validated on a real data set collected from an ocean experiment.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114303903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581172
N. Sabna, R. Revathy, P. Pillai
Undersea acoustic links are highly complex due to the various propagation effects like the spreading, multipath, intersymbol interference, fading, etc.. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is found to be a good choice to combat intersymbol interference. It enables simpler equalization as well. Coding can be used in conjunction with OFDM to achieve error correction, improved security as well as privacy. The process of coding when combined with interleaving helps to improve the error rate performance of an OFDM system significantly. This paper investigates the performance of a BCH coded BPSK based OFDM system with and without interleaving. The simulated system performance has been compared for different BCH codes.
{"title":"BCH coded OFDM for undersea acoustic links","authors":"N. Sabna, R. Revathy, P. Pillai","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581172","url":null,"abstract":"Undersea acoustic links are highly complex due to the various propagation effects like the spreading, multipath, intersymbol interference, fading, etc.. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is found to be a good choice to combat intersymbol interference. It enables simpler equalization as well. Coding can be used in conjunction with OFDM to achieve error correction, improved security as well as privacy. The process of coding when combined with interleaving helps to improve the error rate performance of an OFDM system significantly. This paper investigates the performance of a BCH coded BPSK based OFDM system with and without interleaving. The simulated system performance has been compared for different BCH codes.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127031244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581177
Baiju M Nair, M. Padmanabham
Normal Mode based reverberation model is developed and validated with observed shallow water reverberation data. The model is capable of handling surface and bottom reverberation as well as bi-static range-independent environment. The vertical directionality of the source and the towed array receiver beam patterns has been included in the model for replication of towed array sonar scenario. Experiments were conducted in shallow water (57m) site to study reverberation characteristics. One third octave band analysis using multirate filters and time frequency analysis were done to study the experimental reverberation characteristics. The effect of low frequency reverberation is dominant for almost 10 sec after the event, corresponding to a range of 7.5 km. This can be crucial factor in the design of low frequency active sonar especially in the shallow water scenario. Reverberation Data-Model validation of the broad band omni-directional source received at an omni-directional receiver is presented in this paper.
{"title":"Data-model validation of broadband normal mode reverberation model","authors":"Baiju M Nair, M. Padmanabham","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581177","url":null,"abstract":"Normal Mode based reverberation model is developed and validated with observed shallow water reverberation data. The model is capable of handling surface and bottom reverberation as well as bi-static range-independent environment. The vertical directionality of the source and the towed array receiver beam patterns has been included in the model for replication of towed array sonar scenario. Experiments were conducted in shallow water (57m) site to study reverberation characteristics. One third octave band analysis using multirate filters and time frequency analysis were done to study the experimental reverberation characteristics. The effect of low frequency reverberation is dominant for almost 10 sec after the event, corresponding to a range of 7.5 km. This can be crucial factor in the design of low frequency active sonar especially in the shallow water scenario. Reverberation Data-Model validation of the broad band omni-directional source received at an omni-directional receiver is presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581179
Sharbari Banerjee, M. Agrawal
Time Reversal (TR) precoding is well-established for mitigating the effects of multipath in an underwater acoustic (UWA) link. However, it has traditionally been studied with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) receivers, and, has been found to be optimal for SNR maximization of correlation receiver. Recent research has presented several scenarios where conventional AWGN assumption does not hold in UWA channel; rather, channel noise is better described by heavy-tailed non-Gaussian stochastic processes. This motivates an interest to study the optimality of TR precoding in the presence of non-Gaussian noise as well. In this paper, we use three very popular non-Gaussian statistics, Generalized Gaussian (GG). Gaussian mixture (GM), and Cauchy-Gaussian mixture (CGM), to approximate UWA noise and evaluate the performance of a traditional TR precoder based communication system in different underwater channel conditions.
{"title":"Time reversal precoding in the presence of non-gaussian underwater acoustic noise","authors":"Sharbari Banerjee, M. Agrawal","doi":"10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SYMPOL.2015.7581179","url":null,"abstract":"Time Reversal (TR) precoding is well-established for mitigating the effects of multipath in an underwater acoustic (UWA) link. However, it has traditionally been studied with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) receivers, and, has been found to be optimal for SNR maximization of correlation receiver. Recent research has presented several scenarios where conventional AWGN assumption does not hold in UWA channel; rather, channel noise is better described by heavy-tailed non-Gaussian stochastic processes. This motivates an interest to study the optimality of TR precoding in the presence of non-Gaussian noise as well. In this paper, we use three very popular non-Gaussian statistics, Generalized Gaussian (GG). Gaussian mixture (GM), and Cauchy-Gaussian mixture (CGM), to approximate UWA noise and evaluate the performance of a traditional TR precoder based communication system in different underwater channel conditions.","PeriodicalId":127848,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125836676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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