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Insights of resources productivity and green technologies impact on renewable energy consumption: Novel MMQR approach 洞察资源生产率和绿色技术对可再生能源消耗的影响:新颖的 MMQR 方法
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5044
Magdalena Radulescu, Abdulkadir Barut, Kamel Si Mohammed, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, Ibrahim Cutcu

This study investigates the dynamic effect of resource productivity and green technologies on renewable energy (RE) use in 28 middle-income countries from 2006 to 2022 using MMQR, QR and causality techniques. Results suggested that green technology innovation substantially influences RE use. Second, the significant positive coefficients show that resource productivity leads to higher RE consumption at the upper quantile due to decoupling Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth from extracting natural resources, indicating a transition towards more sustainable and efficient practices. Based on the empirical findings, several policy implications are suggested for middle-income economies.

本研究采用多变量量化回归(MMQR)、快速回归(QR)和因果关系技术,研究了 2006 年至 2022 年期间 28 个中等收入国家的资源生产率和绿色技术对可再生能源使用的动态影响。结果表明,绿色技术创新极大地影响了可再生能源的使用。其次,显着的正系数表明,由于国内生产总值(GDP)增长与自然资源开采脱钩,资源生产率会导致较高数量级的可再生能源消费量增加,这表明正在向更可持续、更高效的做法过渡。根据实证研究结果,提出了对中等收入经济体的若干政策影响。
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引用次数: 0
Pore structure and adsorption capability of marcolithotypes in the Weizhou mining area, western margin of Ordos Basin 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘魏州矿区岩溶类型的孔隙结构与吸附能力
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5031
Wei He, Kai Hu, Jian Cao, Suping Yao, Chao Zhang, Bei Wang, Guobin Niu

Differences in the pore and fracture systems of four marcolithotypes (bright,semi-bright, semi-dull and dull) in coal reservoirs affect the quality of coalbed methane (CBM) and constrain exploration and development of CBM. In this paper, vitrinite reflectance (R O), maceral composition, proximate analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-pressure isothermal adsorption experiments and the mathematical method of fractal dimension were carried out on high-rank coal samples of different marcolithotypes from the Weizhou mining area in the western margin of Ordos Basin. The results show that from bright coal to dull coal, the R O and vitrinite content gradually decrease, while the mineral content and A ad gradually increase. SEM images show that the bright and semi-bright coals develop open fractures, whereas semi-dull and dull coals develop closed fractures. According to pore size distribution established by MIP and NMR, the proportion of seepage pores gradually increased from bright coal to dull coal, and MIP fractal dimension of seepage pores (D M2; 2.3352, 2.3532, 2.3755 and 2.4727, respectively) and NMR fractal dimension of seepage pores (D N2; 2.8767, 2.9142, 2.9297 and 2.9981, respectively) show that the structure of the seepage pore is progressively more complex from bright coal to dull coal. In addition, percentage of NMR adsorption pores progressively increases from bright coal to dull coal (64.96%, 76.64%, 82.04% and 89.67%, respectively), but total porosity of bright coal (6.74%) is much greater than that of dull coal (1.34%), which results in that bright coal also has the strongest CH4 adsorption capability (Langmuir volume is 22.898 cm3/g).

煤储层中四种泥灰岩类型(明亮型、半明亮型、半暗淡型和暗淡型)的孔隙和裂缝系统的差异会影响煤层气的质量,并制约煤层气的勘探和开发。本文对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘魏州矿区不同岩浆岩型的高阶煤样进行了玻璃光泽度(RO)、宏观组成、近物分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、汞侵入孔隙度(MIP)、低场核磁共振(NMR)、高压等温吸附实验和分形维数学方法研究。结果表明,从亮煤到暗煤,RO 和玻璃石含量逐渐降低,而矿物含量和 Aad 则逐渐增加。扫描电子显微镜图像显示,明煤和半明煤出现开放性裂缝,而半暗煤和暗煤出现闭合性裂缝。根据 MIP 和 NMR 确定的孔径分布,渗孔比例从亮煤到暗煤逐渐增加,渗孔的 MIP 分形维数(DM2;分别为 2.3352、2.3532、2.3755 和 2.4727)和渗孔 NMR 分形维数(DN2;分别为 2.8767、2.9142、2.9297 和 2.9981)表明,从亮煤到暗煤,渗孔结构逐渐复杂。此外,从明煤到暗煤,核磁共振吸附孔的百分比逐渐增加(分别为 64.96%、76.64%、82.04% 和 89.67%),但明煤的总孔隙率(6.74%)远大于暗煤(1.34%),这导致明煤也具有最强的 CH4 吸附能力(朗缪尔体积为 22.898 cm3/g)。
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引用次数: 0
Mantle dynamics of the stagnating slab: A case study of Shandong Peninsula and adjacent areas 停滞板块的地幔动力学:山东半岛及邻近地区案例研究
IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5045
Kailun Ba, Haimeng Xue, Lin Liu, Jianping Huang, Junhao Qu
The Shandong Peninsula is located in the eastern part of the North China Craton (NCC). Influenced by the collision between the North and South China blocks and the subduction of the Pacific Plate, the tectonic evolution process is highly complex. Previous studies have proposed that the thick cratonic root beneath the eastern NCC has been destructed. To better understand the relationship between the craton reactivation and the deep subduction, more constraints on the topography variations of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) discontinuities are required. In this study, we stacked 9073 P‐to‐S receiver functions calculated from 129 broadband seismic stations to image the depth variations of the MTZ discontinuities beneath the Shandong Peninsula and its adjacent area. To decrease the influence of velocity anomaly above the MTZ discontinuities, we converted the apparent depths into corrected depth using regional and global 3D velocity models. The apparent depth of the 410‐km discontinuity exhibits a depression of approximately 6 km, which normalizes after velocity correction. This implies the existence of the low‐velocity anomaly in the upper mantle, possibly caused by slab dehydration and water infiltration into the upper mantle. The significant depression of the 660‐km discontinuity indicated the presence of the cold Pacific slab stagnating at the base of the MTZ. The gradual westward depression of the 660‐km discontinuity by 50 km could provide evidence for the sinking of the western margin of the flat‐lying subducting Pacific slab in the MTZ beneath the Shandong Peninsula.
山东半岛位于华北克拉通(NCC)东部。受华北板块和华南板块碰撞以及太平洋板块俯冲的影响,其构造演化过程十分复杂。以往的研究认为,华北克拉通东部地下厚厚的板块根系已被破坏。为了更好地理解克拉通再激活与深俯冲之间的关系,需要更多地对地幔过渡带(MTZ)不连续面的地形变化进行约束。本研究将129个宽带地震台站计算的9073个P-to-S接收函数叠加,对山东半岛及其邻近地区地幔过渡带不连续面的深度变化进行了成像。为了减小MTZ不连续面上方速度异常的影响,我们利用区域和全球三维速度模型将视深度转换为校正深度。410千米不连续面的视深度出现了约6千米的凹陷,经过速度校正后,凹陷趋于正常。这意味着上地幔存在低速度异常,可能是板块脱水和水渗入上地幔造成的。660千米不连续面的明显凹陷表明在MTZ底部存在停滞的冷太平洋板块。660千米不连续面逐渐向西凹陷50千米,可为山东半岛下的MTZ中平卧俯冲太平洋板块西缘下沉提供证据。
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引用次数: 0
Role of energy natural resource productivity and environmental taxation in controlling environmental pollution: Policy-based analysis for regions 能源自然资源生产率和环境税在控制环境污染中的作用:地区政策分析
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5047
Xin Zhao, Guoqing Zhai, Xiaowei Ma, Kamel Si Mohammed, Yuriy Bilan, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani

The present study explores the impact of energy natural resource productivity and environmental tax on environmental sustainability in six major CO2-emitting economies: the Euro Area, China, South Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, from 1997 to 2019. This analysis aims to reveal novel findings and implications for different energy natural resource productivity types and environmental regulations. We employed data regarding leading national and regional CO2 emitters from 1997 to 2020 to conduct an empirical analysis using the panel non-linear auto-regressive distributed lag (NARDL) and panel quantile ARDL (QARDL) methods. The results show that energy natural resource productivity and environmental tax are crucial components in reducing CO2 emissions by controlling for innovation technology and renewable energy consumption. The main findings demonstrate that the impact is stronger in the presence of increased energy natural resource productivity and vice versa. These findings have novel implications for sustainable development and carbon neutrality.

本研究探讨了 1997 年至 2019 年六个主要二氧化碳排放经济体(欧元区、中国、韩国、日本、英国和美国)的能源自然资源生产率和环境税对环境可持续性的影响。这项分析旨在揭示不同能源自然资源生产力类型和环境法规的新发现和影响。我们采用 1997 年至 2020 年主要国家和地区二氧化碳排放数据,使用面板非线性自回归分布滞后(NARDL)和面板量化自回归分布滞后(QARDL)方法进行了实证分析。结果表明,在控制创新技术和可再生能源消费的情况下,能源自然资源生产率和环境税是减少二氧化碳排放的关键因素。主要研究结果表明,在能源自然资源生产率提高的情况下,环境税的影响更大,反之亦然。这些发现对可持续发展和碳中和具有新的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetostratigraphy and rock magnetic studies on the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition strata along the Um Sohryngkew River, Therriaghat, Meghalaya, India 印度梅加拉亚 Therriaghat 地区 Um Sohryngkew 河沿岸白垩纪-古近纪过渡地层的磁地层学和岩石磁性研究
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5046
Debarati Nag, Satish J. Sangode, Sarvendra P. Singh, Prem R. Uddandam, Adrita Choudhuri, Binita Phartiyal, Vandana Prasad

A combination of magnetic polarity and rock magnetic analysis on the well-documented section of the Um Sohryngkew River (USR) in the south Shillong Plateau, NE India, produced a sharp reversal marking the C29r-C29n geomagnetic polarity transition at approximately 65.688 Ma. The rock magnetic studies indicate ferrimagnetic dominant mineralogy with abundance of SSD grains, with an anomalous peak in susceptibility coinciding with Ir-rich limonitic layer. The magnetic reversal occurs precisely 61 m above the Ir-rich distinct in situ limonitic layer, indicating that the C29r-C29n geomagnetic reversal post-dates the widely accepted Ir-anomaly based K-Pg boundary by approximately 355 Ka. Furthermore, the rock magnetic studies indicate its frequency dependence coinciding with the Ir-rich limonitic layer suggesting a possible dust/aerosol source, while akaganéite is reported from the interval approximately 1 m below peak susceptibility, indicating signature of Deccan volcanism. This study infers the completeness of the USR section with a high rate of sedimentation of approximately 17 cm/ka among the marine K-Pg boundary sections in the world.

在印度东北部锡隆高原南部的乌姆苏林圭河(USR)有据可查的地段上,结合磁极性和岩石磁性分析,发现了一个急剧的反转,标志着大约在 65.688 Ma 处的 C29r-C29n 地磁极性转换。岩石磁性研究表明,铁磁性矿物学占主导地位,富含 SSD 晶粒,与富含 Ir 的褐铁矿层相吻合的电感异常峰值。磁性反转恰好发生在富含Ir的独特原位褐铁矿层上方61米处,这表明C29r-C29n地磁反转比广泛接受的基于Ir异常的K-Pg边界晚了约355Ka。此外,岩石磁性研究表明,其频率依赖性与富含Ir的褐铁矿层相吻合,这表明可能存在尘埃/气溶胶来源,而据报告,在低于峰值磁感应强度约1米的区间存在阿卡冈奈石,这表明德干火山活动的特征。这项研究推断了 USR 断面的完整性,其沉积速率在全球海洋 K-Pg 边界断面中约为 17 厘米/千卡。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability-based state parameter liquefaction probability prediction using soft computing techniques 利用软计算技术进行基于可靠性的状态参数液化概率预测
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5049
Kishan Kumar, Pijush Samui, S. S. Choudhary

The state parameter (ѱ) accounts for both relative density and effective stress, which influence the cyclic stress or liquefaction characteristic of the soil significantly. This study presents a ѱ-based probabilistic liquefaction evaluation method using six soft computing (SC) techniques. The liquefaction probability of failure (PL) is calculated using the first-order second moment (FOSM) method based on the cone penetration test (CPT) database. Then, six SC techniques, such as Gaussian process regression (GPR), relevance vector machine (RVM), functional network (FN), genetic programming (GP), minimax probability machine regression (MPMR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), are used to predict PL. The performance of these models is examined using nine statistical indices. Additionally, plots such as regression plots, Taylor diagrams, error matrix and rank analysis are shown to assess the SC model's performance. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed using the cosine amplitude method (CAM) to assess the influence of input parameters on output. The current study demonstrates that SC models based on state parameter predict PL effectively. RVM and MPMR models closely follow the GPR model in terms of performance, which is superior to the other models. Notably, two equations are generated using GP and MARS models to predict PL. The results of the sensitivity analysis reveal the magnitude of earthquake (Mw) as the most sensitive parameter. The outcomes of this research will offer risk evaluations for geotechnical engineering designs and expand the use of state parameter-based SC models in liquefaction analysis.

状态参数(ѱ)考虑了相对密度和有效应力,它们对土壤的循环应力或液化特性有重大影响。本研究利用六种软计算(SC)技术提出了一种基于ѱ 的液化概率评估方法。液化破坏概率(PL)是根据锥入度试验(CPT)数据库,采用一阶第二矩(FOSM)方法计算得出的。然后,使用高斯过程回归 (GPR)、相关性向量机 (RVM)、功能网络 (FN)、遗传编程 (GP)、最小概率机回归 (MPMR) 和多变量自适应回归样条 (MARS) 等六种 SC 技术来预测液化破坏概率。这些模型的性能通过九项统计指标进行检验。此外,还展示了回归图、泰勒图、误差矩阵和等级分析等图表,以评估 SC 模型的性能。最后,使用余弦振幅法(CAM)进行了敏感性分析,以评估输入参数对输出的影响。目前的研究表明,基于状态参数的 SC 模型能有效预测 PL。RVM 和 MPMR 模型的性能紧随 GPR 模型,优于其他模型。值得注意的是,使用 GP 和 MARS 模型生成了两个方程来预测 PL。敏感性分析结果表明,震级(Mw)是最敏感的参数。该研究成果将为岩土工程设计提供风险评估,并扩大基于状态参数的 SC 模型在液化分析中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Carboniferous-Permian coal-accumulating environment and coalbed methane enrichment in the southern Qinshui Basin 沁水盆地南部石炭纪-二叠纪煤炭赋存环境及煤层气富集分析
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5050
Xiaojun Zhang

Global research on the geological particularities of coal-accumulating environments and the enrichment patterns of coalbed methane (CBM) is still relatively weak. This paper studies the geological characteristics and coal accumulation patterns of Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing seams in the southern Qinshui Basin. The results show that the coal-bearing strata in the basin represent the offshore marine and continental intercalated coal seam sediments developed. The southern part of the basin is dominated by lacustrine facies, and the delta front sub-facies is locally developed. The characteristics of coal accumulation environment in the southern Qinshui Basin are characterized by basement properties, fault networks and coal-bearing sedimentary facies, which collectively control the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the coal-rich belt. The differences in coal accumulation environment in the southern basin affect the tectonic evolution, the thickness of the coal seam roof and floor and the hydrogeological conditions of the coal-rich area, which further control the CBM enrichment in the Taiyuan-Shanxi Formation. The aim of this study is to explore the factors of CBM enrichment and gas control mode, so as to enrich and improve the theory and method of CBM exploration, which will also help identify the appropriate underground geological structure environment for carbon sequestration (CCS), reduce greenhouse gas emissions and effectively respond to the challenge of global warming.

全球对煤炭赋存环境地质特征和煤层气富集规律的研究还相对薄弱。本文研究了沁水盆地南部石炭系-二叠系含煤地层的地质特征和煤炭赋存规律。结果表明,盆地内的含煤地层为近海海相、大陆相夹层煤层沉积发育。盆地南部以湖相地层为主,局部发育三角洲前缘亚地层。沁水盆地南部煤炭堆积环境的特征主要表现在基底性质、断层网络和含煤沉积面上,它们共同控制了富煤带的时空分布特征。盆地南部煤炭堆积环境的差异影响了富煤区的构造演化、煤层顶底板厚度和水文地质条件,进一步控制了太原-山西地层中煤层气的富集。本研究旨在探讨煤层气富集因素及气体控制模式,以丰富和完善煤层气勘探理论和方法,同时也有助于确定合适的碳封存(CCS)地下地质构造环境,减少温室气体排放,有效应对全球变暖的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Late Mesozoic ductile deformation and exhumation along the Shangdan suture zone in the Qinling Orogenic Belt, China 中国秦岭造山带上丹缝合带中生代晚期韧性变形与隆升
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5037
Le Zhang, Wei Li, Dazhi Jiang, Li Liang, Liuqing Jiang, Chao Wang, Zhenwei Feng, Zhihao Ma, Falak Sheir

The Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB) is a multi-stage orogenic belt recording subduction and collision processes. The ductile shearing deformation with different properties and ages is developed on the boundary of the different litho-tectonic units, which can be used to decipher the tectonic evolution of the QOB. Previous studies mainly concentrated on the pre-Late Mesozoic shearing deformation, while the Late Mesozoic shearing deformation received less attention. It restricts the understanding of the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the QOB. Hence, we conducted detailed field structural analysis and laboratory analysis of the Shagou shear zone (SGSZ) in the middle part of the Shangdan suture zone (SDSZ). The SGSZ, developed in the southern margin of the Baliping pluton, is an S–SSW-dipping sinistral strike-slip ductile shear zone with a top-to-the-ESE shear sense. The mylonite protoliths are voluminous Late Triassic granites (200–215 Ma) and a small amount of Neoproterozoic granites (759 Ma) and Early Cretaceous granites (145 Ma). Microstructures and geothermobarometer results suggest that the ductile shearing deformation occurred under high greenschist–low amphibolite-facies conditions (400–650°C) at middle crustal depths (13–21 km). Zircon U–Pb and amphibole-biotite 40Ar/39Ar dating results constrain the timing of shearing deformation to 135–145 Ma and the rapid exhumation of the SGSZ to 115–135 Ma. Combining with the regional data, we consider that the sinistral strike-slip shearing deformation in the SGSZ controls and accommodates the south-eastward extrusion of the East SQB under the intracontinental compression. Subsequently, the intracontinental extension led to the rapid exhumation of the SGSZ.

秦岭造山带是一个记录了俯冲和碰撞过程的多期造山带。在不同岩石构造单元的边界上发育着不同性质和时代的韧性剪切变形,可用于解译秦岭造山带的构造演化过程。以往的研究主要集中在前中生代晚期的剪切变形,而对中生代晚期的剪切变形关注较少。这限制了对青澳拗陷晚中生代构造演化的认识。因此,我们对上丹缝合带中段的沙沟剪切带(SGSZ)进行了详细的野外构造分析和实验室分析。沙沟剪切带发育于八里坪岩浆岩南缘,是一条S-SSW向斜的正弦向斜韧性剪切带,具有从顶部到ESE的剪切意识。岩浆岩原岩为大量晚三叠世花岗岩(200-215Ma)以及少量新近纪花岗岩(759Ma)和早白垩世花岗岩(145Ma)。微观结构和地温仪结果表明,韧性剪切变形发生在地壳中层深度(13-21 千米)的高绿泥石-低闪长岩成因条件下(400-650°C)。锆石U-Pb和闪长岩-生物岩40Ar/39Ar年代测定结果将剪切变形的时间推定为135-145Ma,将SGSZ的快速出露推定为115-135Ma。结合区域数据,我们认为SGSZ的正弦走向剪切变形控制并容纳了东SQB在大陆内部压缩作用下的向东南挤压。随后,大陆内部的延伸导致了SGSZ的快速隆升。
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引用次数: 0
Renewable energy, financial globalization and load capacity factor in the US: Ecological neutrality in the context of natural resources 美国的可再生能源、金融全球化和负载能力系数:自然资源背景下的生态中和
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5043
Saifullahi Sani Ibrahim, Ahmed Samour, Hamza Almassri, Joanna Kurowska-Pysz

The United States (US) as the second leading economy in global ecological pollution has become a fertile ground for a rigorous analysis of the ecological neutrality using load capacity factor (LCF) and carbon-based consumption (CCO2). This is important for the global drive of achieving environmental sustainability by 2050. The LCF is one of the most comprehensive ecological proxies that incorporate the biocapacity and ecological footprint. In this context, this research examines the effect of natural resources, technological innovation, renewable energy and financial globalization on ecological neutrality in the US for the date spanning from 1990 to 2021. Using the novel augmented auto-regressive distributive lag (AARDL) model, the empirical findings of this study indicate that (i) natural resources, renewable energy, and technological innovation promote ecological neutrality by increasing LCF and decreasing CCO2 emissions; (ii) financial globalization and economic growth mitigate the LCF and increase CCO2 emissions; and (iii) a causal effect is observed among technological innovation, natural resources, renewable energy, CCO2 and LCF. In light of the findings, this study recommends several crucial measures for ecological neutrality targets set out in sustainable development goals (SDGs) 7 and 13, respectively.

作为全球生态污染第二大经济体,美国已成为利用负载能力系数(LCF)和碳基消耗(CCO2)对生态中性进行严格分析的沃土。这对于全球推动在 2050 年前实现环境可持续发展非常重要。LCF 是包含生物容量和生态足迹的最全面的生态代用指标之一。在此背景下,本研究探讨了自然资源、技术创新、可再生能源和金融全球化对美国 1990 年至 2021 年生态中和的影响。利用新颖的增强自回归分布滞后(AARDL)模型,本研究的实证结果表明:(i) 自然资源、可再生能源和技术创新通过增加 LCF 和减少 CCO2 排放促进生态中性;(ii) 金融全球化和经济增长缓解 LCF 并增加 CCO2 排放;(iii) 技术创新、自然资源、可再生能源、CCO2 和 LCF 之间存在因果效应。根据研究结果,本研究建议采取几项关键措施,分别实现可持续发展目标(SDGs)7 和 13 中规定的生态中和目标。
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引用次数: 0
Geological characteristics and ore-forming conditions of the Tasikmadu porphyry Cu–Au prospect in Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia 印度尼西亚东爪哇 Trenggalek 的 Tasikmadu 斑岩型铜金矿的地质特征和成矿条件
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1002/gj.5042
Arifudin Idrus, Genki Kaneko, Ryohei Takahashi, Finlan Adhitya Aldan, Trifatama Rahmalia, Hinako Sato

Tasikmadu is a newly discovered porphyry Cu–Au prospect in the eastern Sunda arc, Indonesia. This study aimed to elucidate salient diagnostic characteristics and ore-forming conditions of the prospect. Fieldwork and various laboratory analyses for a suite of representative samples were performed for mineralogy, bulk-geochemistry, mineral chemistry and ore fluid characterization. The study area is composed of three diorite porphyries, that is, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained diorite porphyry, respectively. The intrusions are calc-alkaline with a high Sr/Y value, which is similar to many ore-bearing intrusions in the eastern Sunda arc. Ore mineralization occurs in quartz veins and veinlet stockwork, centred in the potassic zone, and dominated by chalcopyrite and bornite occurring in A and B veins, which cut earlier barren (EB) and M veins. The mineralization core has an average grade of 0.63 wt% Cu and 0.25 ppm Au, respectively. Outwardly, the potassic zone changes to the propylitic zone, which still bears copper in the quartz and pyrite veinlets, although the grade is low. Fluid inclusion microthermometry revealed that the A and B veins in the potassic zone formed at 464 and 390°C by hypersaline boiling fluids, respectively. The temperature temporally and spatially decreased, that is, in the propylitic zone, the quartz veinlets formed at 260–400°C. Hypogene mineralization that formed the A veins occurred at 1.5 km below the palaeosurface, indicating a relatively shallow depth as a porphyry deposit. Nevertheless, the δ34SCDT values of sulphides range from −2.0 to −0.1‰, inferring a magmatic origin. The Tasikmadu prospect shares some similarities compared with other porphyry deposits worldwide, but it also reveals unique characteristics that differ from others, for example, potassic-altered rocks are only typified by secondary biotite without/rare secondary K-feldspar reflecting the lack of magma contamination by continental crustal components. In addition, current surface geological features and shallow depth erosion level of the prospect may imply that the potential of Cu–Au mineralization underneath is still open to depth.

Tasikmadu 是印度尼西亚巽他弧东部新发现的斑岩型铜金矿远景区。这项研究旨在阐明该探矿区的显著诊断特征和成矿条件。对一系列具有代表性的样本进行了矿物学、块状地球化学、矿物化学和矿液特征的实地考察和各种实验室分析。研究区域由三个闪长岩斑岩组成,分别为细粒、中粒和粗粒闪长岩斑岩。侵入体呈钙碱性,锶/钇值较高,与东巽他弧的许多含矿侵入体相似。矿石成矿分布在石英脉和细脉网中,以钾长石带为中心,主要是A脉和B脉中的黄铜矿和辉铜矿,它们切割了早期的贫瘠(EB)脉和M脉。矿化核心的平均品位分别为 0.63 wt% 铜和 0.25 ppm 金。向外,钾长石带转变为丙长石带,虽然品位较低,但石英和黄铁矿细脉中仍含有铜。流体包裹体微测温法显示,钾盐岩带的 A 和 B 矿脉分别是在 464 和 390°C 高温下由超盐沸腾流体形成的。温度在时间和空间上都有所下降,也就是说,在丙铁质区,石英细脉是在 260-400°C 时形成的。形成 A 矿脉的下成矿作用发生在古地表以下 1.5 千米处,这表明斑岩矿床的深度相对较浅。尽管如此,硫化物的 δ34SCDT 值在 -2.0 到 -0.1‰ 之间,推断其来源于岩浆。与世界上其他斑岩矿床相比,Tasikmadu 勘探区有一些相似之处,但也显示出不同于其他矿床的独特特征,例如,钾盐蚀变岩仅以次生生物黄铁矿为典型特征,没有/很少有次生 K 长石,这反映出岩浆没有受到大陆地壳成分的污染。此外,该探矿区目前的地表地质特征和较浅的深度侵蚀程度可能意味着其地下的铜金矿化潜力仍然向深部开放。
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