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Entertaining the Royalty. A forgotten tradition of the Vidushaka in Ancient Indian History 招待皇室成员。古印度历史上一个被遗忘的传统
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.14
Pushpraj Singh, Preeti Sharma
This paper provides an overview of the importance of dwarf figures/jesters in Ancient Indian history and society. There are numerous dwarf-like figures depicted in ancient Indian temples. These little figurines would have not only filled the area and add decorative value but also, they have a small but significant place in iconography. A dwarf-like figure, the Vidushaka, who was a brahmin with a tuft on his head and a staff in his hand, was found on the walls of Ajanta and in the Natyashastra text. His occupation is to light the stressful environment by making the court laughing. It goes without saying how valuable the Vidushaka is as a kind of entertainment in ancient India. The objective of this research is to look at how the Vidushaka (jester) had been contributing to the ‘entertainment industry’ of ancient India and how they have been portrayed through out the history (from ancient to medieval times). This would also allow us to discover that jesters were not only adept at entertaining others with amusing jokes, but also able to express himself on the oddities of human life.
本文概述了侏儒/小丑在古印度历史和社会中的重要性。在古印度的寺庙里有许多像矮人一样的人物。这些小雕像不仅填满了整个区域,增加了装饰价值,而且它们在肖像学中占有很小但很重要的地位。在阿旃陀的墙壁上和《纳塔沙斯特拉》的文本中,人们发现了一个像矮人一样的人物,Vidushaka,他是一个婆罗门,头上戴着一束草,手里拿着一根棍子。他的职业是通过让法庭开怀大笑来缓解紧张的气氛。在古印度,Vidushaka作为一种娱乐方式的价值是不言而喻的。这项研究的目的是看看Vidushaka(小丑)是如何为古印度的“娱乐产业”做出贡献的,以及他们是如何在整个历史(从古代到中世纪)中被描绘出来的。这也会让我们发现,小丑不仅善于用有趣的笑话逗乐别人,而且能够表达自己对人类生活的奇怪。
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引用次数: 0
Manipulation techniques aiming at discrediting the Church among soldiers of the Polish People’s Army during John Paul’s II second pilgrimage to Poland
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.20
Paweł Orłowski
The aim of the following article is to present how the Armed Forces of the Polish People's Republic reacted to the second pilgrimage of John Paul II to Poland. It outlines multiple processes, mainly of social origin, which occurred during the preparations for the visit, its course and after its completion. Moreover, the author depicts political and cultural circumstances in which soldiers and conscripts had to serve. At the same time, numerous manipulation techniques that were used to discredit the Catholic Church have been included.
下面这篇文章的目的是介绍波兰人民共和国武装部队对若望保禄二世第二次访问波兰的反应。它概述了在准备访问期间、访问过程和访问完成后发生的主要是社会根源的多个过程。此外,作者还描述了士兵和应征入伍者必须服役的政治和文化环境。与此同时,许多用来诋毁天主教会的操纵技巧也被包括在内。
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引用次数: 0
Soviet Coordinators of International Economic Cooperation in the Eastern Bloc in the Period 1948-1953 1948-1953年苏联在东方集团的国际经济合作协调员
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.18
O. Fiser
This article is a discourse on the main trendsetters of international economic cooperation in the Eastern Bloc in the period 1948-1953. Special emphasis is placed on the architects of cooperation between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, since both countries established themselves as economic leaders after the Second World War and, moreover, developed a number of specific close links between their industries. The article focuses on the role of top officials of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In addition, the paper also explores the role of Soviet advisors who stewarded the economies of the other Eastern Bloc states, both from Moscow and as seconded delegates directly from the ministries and enterprises of the individual members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.
本文论述了1948-1953年期间东方集团国际经济合作的主要引领者。特别强调捷克斯洛伐克和苏联之间合作的缔造者,因为这两个国家在第二次世界大战后确立了自己的经济领导地位,而且在它们的工业之间发展了一些具体的密切联系。这篇文章的重点是苏联共产党高层官员的作用。此外,本文还探讨了苏联顾问在管理其他东方集团国家经济方面的作用,这些顾问既有来自莫斯科的,也有直接来自经济互助委员会个别成员的部委和企业的借调代表。
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引用次数: 0
The youth of Bohdan Hawrylyshyn (1926-1944) 博赫丹·霍利利辛的青年时代(1926-1944)
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.30
Petro Havrylyshyn, Oleh Zhernokleiev, Rafał Roguski
The article highlights the youth of a well-known Ukrainian, scientist and economist Bohdan Dmytrovych Hawrylyshyn (1926-2016). Important factors that affected further development of his worldview and personality are traced. Important facts from the life of Bohdan Hawrylyshyn over the researched period are clarified on the basis of the memories left, interviews, and other sources.
这篇文章重点介绍了乌克兰著名科学家和经济学家博赫丹·德米特罗维奇·豪利利辛(1926-2016)的青年时代。对影响其世界观和人格进一步发展的重要因素进行了追溯。在研究期间,Bohdan Hawrylyshyn生活中的重要事实在留下的记忆、采访和其他来源的基础上得到澄清。
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引用次数: 0
The Polish-Russian ‘monument war’ in the context of the Law and Justice’s historical policy 法律与正义党的历史政策背景下的波俄“纪念碑战争”
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.21
Konrad Słowiński
The article addresses the issue of the influence of historical conditions on Polish-Russian relations on the threshold of the 21st century. After the collapse of the communist system in Poland in 1989, the new political elites, guiding the process of democratic transition in the Third Republic of Poland, made efforts to settle the disputed threads of common Polish-Russian history. One of the sources of conflict in terms of the historical burdens was case the removal by Poland of monuments to Red Army soldiers who died on Polish soil. This problem has become an important antagonistic element in bilateral relations, leading to the outbreak of a Polish-Russian 'monument war'. To a large extend, the disputes over Soviet monuments dominated discussions in the Polish-Russian relations, creating another field of conflict on the historical level.
本文探讨了在21世纪来临之际,历史条件对波俄关系的影响。1989年波兰共产主义制度崩溃后,在波兰第三共和国指导民主过渡进程的新政治精英们,努力解决波兰和俄罗斯共同历史中有争议的问题。就历史负担而言,冲突的根源之一是波兰拆除了在波兰土地上牺牲的红军士兵的纪念碑。这个问题已成为双边关系中的一个重要对立因素,导致波俄“纪念碑战争”的爆发。在很大程度上,关于苏联纪念碑的争论主导了波俄关系的讨论,在历史层面上创造了另一个冲突领域。
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引用次数: 0
Genealogical Basis of Epos as the Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Folk 叙事诗作为民间历史文化遗产的谱系基础
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.16
B. Aitbayeva, Kamzhat Toleubayeva, Zh. Zharylgapov, S. Takirov, Z. Rustemova
The Kazakh folk epic talks about the heroic deeds and life of nomadic tribes, being the historical and cultural heritage of the nation, which has been passed from mouth to mouth for centuries, thereby preserving national memory and contributing to the maintenance of patriotic feelings. The purpose of this article is not only to consider the Kazakh epic in the traditional vein of narrating about the historical past, but also to emphasize its ethnographic and genealogical value. By analyzing epic poetry, folk songs and folklore in general, as well as examining fragments of individual works, the authors recreate a holistic picture of the genealogical basis of the folk epic. The article compares the differences in the traditions of the Kazakh epic poetry of the 16th-18th and 19th centuries, which are observed, first of all, in the compositional structure, the subject of the story, the worldview in general. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the genealogical basis of the Kazakh folk epic lies in a certain archetype of a hero, the only son born to become a defender of the honor and dignity of the nation. At the same time, special attention is paid to describing its origin through a poetic description of its family tree. From this follows the complex genre of the epic chronicle, which has artistic and historical value and is an example of spiritual heritage. This study is of practical use for specialists in the field of history, literature, ethnography and genealogy.
哈萨克族民间史诗讲述了游牧部落的英雄事迹和生活,是本民族的历史文化遗产,几百年来口口相传,保存了民族记忆,有助于保持爱国情怀。本文的目的不仅是在叙述历史的传统脉络中考虑哈萨克史诗,而且强调其民族志和系谱价值。通过对史诗、民歌和民间传说的总体分析,以及对个别作品片段的考察,作者重建了一幅民间史诗谱系基础的整体图景。本文比较了16 -18世纪哈萨克族史诗与19世纪哈萨克族史诗传统的不同之处,首先是在创作结构、故事主题、世界观等方面。根据研究结果,确定哈萨克族民间史诗的系谱基础在于某种英雄原型,即唯一出生的儿子,成为捍卫民族荣誉和尊严的人。同时,特别注意通过对其家谱的诗意描述来描述其起源。由此产生了复杂的史诗编年史体裁,它具有艺术和历史价值,是精神遗产的典范。这项研究对历史、文学、民族志和家谱等领域的专家具有实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
The constitutional status and educational development of the non-Albanian and Albanian minoritie in Yugoslavia 1945-1974 1945-1974年南斯拉夫境内非阿尔巴尼亚和阿尔巴尼亚少数民族的宪法地位和教育发展
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.19
Kosovar Basha
The paper carefully deals with the constitutional aspect and the development of education in Yugoslavia, which in the general background affects the general minorities in Yugoslavia such as Bulgarians, Italians, Germans, Hungarians and with special emphasis – Albanians. The author has followed the descriptive and analytical scientific methods for dealing with this important issue for general historiography. A serious Yugoslav and Albanian literature covering this socially and scientifically important study has been used.
本文仔细讨论了南斯拉夫的宪法方面和教育发展,这在一般背景下影响到南斯拉夫的一般少数民族,如保加利亚人、意大利人、德国人、匈牙利人,并特别强调阿尔巴尼亚人。作者遵循了描述和分析的科学方法来处理这一通史编纂的重要问题。使用了一份严肃的南斯拉夫和阿尔巴尼亚文献,内容涉及这项具有社会和科学意义的重要研究。
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引用次数: 0
Mirosław Michalak, Konteksty kulturowe średniowiecznego eposu irańskiego Garšāspnāme i ich źródła. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa UW, 2020, ISBN: 978-83-235-4271-1 Mirosław Michalak,《中世纪伊朗史诗 Garšāspnāme 的文化背景及其来源》。华沙:UW 出版社,2020 年,ISBN:978-83-235-4271-1
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.26
Patryk SKUPNIEWICZ
Book Review
书评
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引用次数: 0
The main trends in the use of documents in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of the Republic of Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦共和国科学和技术文件中央国家档案馆文件使用的主要趋势
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.22
Syrym Sablin, Dariusz Magier
According to the state program ‘Archive 2025’ for wide access to archival documents in Kazakhstan the web portal ‘Unified electronic archive of documents was launched’. At the moment, there is no information on the funds of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation on this site yet, but it is planned to add it to the electronic catalog in the future. For the successful implementation of data on documents stored in the funds of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, it is necessary to analyze which types of documents are most popular among the archive users (both in the reading room and when executing information requests by the archive) and which need to be translated into electronic format as a priority, for this purpose, the reports of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation were studied for the period from 1974 to 2021.
根据在哈萨克斯坦广泛获取档案文件的国家计划“档案2025”,启动了“统一电子文件档案”门户网站。目前,在这个网站上还没有关于中央国家科学技术文献档案馆资金的信息,但计划在未来将其添加到电子目录中。为了成功地执行中央国家科学和技术文献档案基金中存储的文件数据,有必要分析哪些类型的文件在档案用户中最受欢迎(无论是在阅览室中还是在执行档案的信息请求时),以及为此目的需要优先将哪些文件翻译成电子格式。研究了1974年至2021年期间中央国家科学和技术文件档案馆的报告。
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引用次数: 0
The position of the Entente States on the idea of Armenia’s independence (1917 and early 1918) 协约国对亚美尼亚独立的立场(1917年和1918年初)
Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.34739/his.2023.12.17
S. Poghosyan, Genya Ghrmajyan
The article highlights the emergence of the idea of Armenia’s independence at the end of the First World War. The Russian revolutions and the position of the United States brought new ideas to the problems of colonization and self-determination of nations. In the autumn of 1917, representatives of the great powers began to speak positively about the independence of Armenia. This eventually led to the declaration of independence of Armenia on May 28, 1918. The article is based on archival materials and collections of documents. Many archival sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The analyzes were presented based on verified facts. The study was conducted by the historicalcomparative method, according to the principle of historicity. An attempt has been made to present the problem in its entirety. In this article, we have revealed the position of Great Britain, France and the United States on the issue of the formation of an independent Armenian state.
这篇文章强调亚美尼亚独立的想法是在第一次世界大战结束时出现的。俄国革命和美国的立场给殖民化和民族自决问题带来了新的思想。1917年秋,列强的代表们开始积极地谈论亚美尼亚的独立。这最终导致亚美尼亚在1918年5月28日宣布独立。本文以档案资料和文献收藏为依据。许多档案资料是第一次进入科学流通。分析是根据已证实的事实提出的。本研究依据历史性原则,采用历史比较法进行。人们试图全面地提出这个问题。在本文中,我们揭示了英国、法国和美国在建立一个独立的亚美尼亚国家问题上的立场。
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引用次数: 0
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Historia i Świat
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