Growth Hormone & Igf Research最新文献

The growth plate: Zonal architecture, plasticity, and endocrine control of linear growth 生长板：带状结构，可塑性，和内分泌控制线性生长。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2026.101679

Carlos Barba Ostria , Shoshana Yakar

The growth plate (physis) is a highly specialized cartilaginous organ that drives longitudinal bone growth and ultimately determines adult stature. Its zonal architecture, including the resting, proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcification zones, integrates stem-like progenitor activity, clonal chondrocyte expansion, matrix remodeling, vascular invasion, and replacement by bone. Here, we review how the structural organization of the growth plate emerges from the interplay among extracellular matrix composition, sulfation pathways, and canonical paracrine signaling pathways, including Ihh-PTHrP, BMP, Wnt, and FGF. We highlight advances in our understanding of chondrocyte fate, including lineage-tracing studies demonstrating that resting-zone PTHrP⁺ cells function as skeletal stem cells and that hypertrophic chondrocytes can transdifferentiate into osteoblasts or dedifferentiate into progenitors rather than undergoing obligatory apoptosis. We also summarize how endocrine axes, including the GH/IGF-1, thyroid hormone, sex steroids, glucocorticoids, and vitamin D, coordinate the tempo of growth, the dynamics of growth plate senescence, and the timing of epiphyseal fusion, with emphasis on species differences between rodents and humans. Finally, we use monogenic skeletal dysplasias, endocrine disorders, and acquired conditions such as rickets and slipped capital femoral epiphysis as “experiments of nature” that illuminate how specific molecular perturbations disrupt growth plate physiology. Together, these converging lines of evidence reframe the growth plate as a dynamic stem-cell and progenitor niche whose fate is plastic, highly regulated, and increasingly targetable for therapy in disorders of linear growth.

生长板（骨骺）是一种高度特化的软骨器官，它驱动纵向骨生长并最终决定成人的身高。其分带结构包括静息区、增生区、肥厚区和钙化区，整合了干细胞样祖细胞活性、克隆软骨细胞扩张、基质重塑、血管侵入和骨替代。在这里，我们回顾了生长板的结构组织是如何从细胞外基质组成、硫酸化途径和典型旁分泌信号通路（包括Ihh-PTHrP、BMP、Wnt和FGF）之间的相互作用中产生的。我们强调了我们对软骨细胞命运的理解的进展，包括谱系追踪研究表明静息区PTHrP+细胞具有骨骼干细胞的功能，肥厚软骨细胞可以转分化为成骨细胞或去分化为祖细胞，而不是经历强制性凋亡。我们还总结了内分泌轴，包括GH/IGF-1、甲状腺激素、性类固醇、糖皮质激素和维生素D，如何协调生长速度、生长板衰老的动态和骨骺融合的时间，重点是啮齿动物和人类之间的物种差异。最后，我们使用单基因骨骼发育不良、内分泌失调和获得性疾病（如佝偻病和股骨头骨骺滑动）作为“自然实验”，阐明了特定的分子扰动如何破坏生长板生理学。总之，这些趋同的证据将生长板重新定义为一个动态的干细胞和祖细胞生态位，其命运是可塑的，高度调控的，并且越来越多地用于治疗线性生长障碍。

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引用次数: 0

In search of Vitruvian man 寻找维特鲁威人。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2026.101681

Ron G. Rosenfeld , Alexandra Guevara

Vitruvian Man, the iconic drawing by Leonardo Da Vinci, has long been regarded as a representation of the divine perfection of the human form. This emblematic drawing, inspired by the architectural treatise of Vitruvius, reflects the belief in the symmetry and proportionality of the human body. Influenced by the works of other artists and mathematicians of the Renaissance period, including Luca Pacioli and Albrecht Dürer, Leonardo da Vinci's depiction of the ideal human proportions has had a lasting impact on our concepts of beauty and functionality. While modern scientific understanding of human evolution and variation may challenge some aspects of Leonardo's portrayal, the Vitruvian Man continues to be relevant in contemporary discussions of stature and proportionality. The influence of this drawing on our perception of health, beauty, and therapeutic goals, particularly in the management of short stature, remains significant in the medical community.

《维特鲁威人》是列奥纳多·达·芬奇的标志性画作，长期以来一直被认为是人类形态神圣完美的代表。这幅具有象征意义的画，灵感来自维特鲁威的建筑论文，反映了对人体对称和比例的信仰。受文艺复兴时期其他艺术家和数学家的作品影响，包括卢卡·帕乔利和阿尔布雷希特·德·勒，列奥纳多·达·芬奇对理想人体比例的描绘对我们对美和功能的概念产生了持久的影响。虽然现代科学对人类进化和变异的理解可能会对达芬奇画像的某些方面提出质疑，但维特鲁威人仍然与当代关于身材和比例的讨论有关。这幅画对我们对健康、美丽和治疗目标的看法的影响，特别是在矮小身材的管理方面，在医学界仍然很重要。

引用次数: 0

Growth patterns: Pathology vs. Normal variation 生长模式：病理vs.正常变异。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2026.101682

Emilia Valdivieso-Andrade , Michael Hermanussen , Christiane Scheffler

Growth of children and adolescents follows a universal pattern with three distinct growth spurts. Common medical practice refers to normal child growth as a health and biological advantage, and considers “pathology in growth” as a deviation from the universal pattern.

Growth can differ in amplitude and tempo with considerable variation both within and between populations over time, and depending on geographic region. Local growth charts are necessary to adapt the universal pattern of growth to characteristics of a specific historic or modern population. Local charts can visualize the distinct ethnic and historic diversity of human growth and allow pathology to reference the local conditions.

Local charts are most appropriate for both “normality” as a statistical dimension and pathology as disease.

We illustrate the significance of local growth charts for an example pathology Turner syndrome (TS). TS-patients are “short”. However, short stature is relative, as it refers to local norms. For example, Swedish TS-women reach an average height of more than 3 SD below Swedish norms, a height of which would be considered “short normal” compared to healthy Indian women.

We consider body height as a signal within the social group. Competitive growth and strategic growth adjustments in height reflect hope for a better life following political liberation, but also illusions of equity, freedom, justice, and the expectation of social advancement. Height is relative and only has value as a relative measure among family members, neighbors, and peers. Screening for pathology requires a concept of health that includes the local context.

儿童和青少年的生长遵循一个普遍的模式，有三个不同的生长突增。一般的医学实践将儿童的正常生长视为健康和生物学上的优势，并认为“生长病理学”偏离了普遍模式。随着时间的推移，人口内部和人口之间以及地理区域的不同，增长的幅度和速度可能会有很大差异。为了使普遍的增长模式适应特定历史或现代人口的特点，有必要绘制地方增长图表。当地图表可以可视化人类生长的独特种族和历史多样性，并允许病理学参考当地条件。局部图表最适合作为统计维度的“常态”和作为疾病维度的病理学。我们举例说明局部生长图的意义病理特纳综合征（TS）。ts患者是“矮个子”。然而，身材矮小是相对的，因为它指的是当地的规范。例如，瑞典ts妇女的平均身高比瑞典标准低3sd以上，与健康的印度妇女相比，这一身高将被视为“矮正常”。我们认为身高是社会群体中的一个信号。竞争性增长和战略性增长调整的高度反映了对政治解放后美好生活的希望，也是对公平、自由、正义的幻想和对社会进步的期望。身高是相对的，只有在家庭成员、邻居和同龄人之间才有相对的价值。病理筛查需要一个包括当地情况的健康概念。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive effects of growth hormone following traumatic brain injury and other disorders 外伤性脑损伤及其他疾病后生长激素对认知的影响。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2026.101685

Walter M. High

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, with a significant percentage of patients experiencing pituitary dysfunction, including growth hormone (GH) deficiency. This manuscript examines the cognitive consequences of GH deficiency following TBI and other disorders and its implications for treatment. Despite advancements in understanding the cognitive impairments resulting from TBI—predominantly affecting memory, executive function, and processing speed—current interventions remain limited. Research indicates that GH deficiency, prevalent in 15–26% of TBI patients, correlates with substantial cognitive deficits. Notably, GH replacement therapy has demonstrated cognitive improvements in non-TBI populations, which raises the potential for similar benefits in TBI patients. Studies, including a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, report significant enhancements in cognitive functions such as verbal memory and processing speed following GH replacement. However, the underutilization of GH screening and treatment in TBI patients persists due to confounding factors and assumptions about the origin of cognitive impairment. This review emphasizes the need for increased awareness and further research into GH/IGF-1 assessment as a therapeutic target for cognitive recovery in TBI, particularly for the approximately 80% of patients with mild TBI who are often overlooked. Addressing these gaps could lead to improved patient outcomes and quality of life for those affected by TBI-related cognitive impairments.

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因，很大一部分患者经历垂体功能障碍，包括生长激素（GH）缺乏。这篇论文研究了创伤性脑损伤和其他疾病后生长激素缺乏的认知后果及其治疗意义。尽管对创伤性脑损伤导致的认知障碍（主要影响记忆、执行功能和处理速度）的了解有所进展，但目前的干预措施仍然有限。研究表明，生长激素缺乏症普遍存在于15-26%的脑外伤患者中，与严重的认知缺陷有关。值得注意的是，生长激素替代疗法已证明非脑外伤人群的认知改善，这提高了脑外伤患者类似获益的潜力。包括一项双盲、安慰剂对照试验在内的研究报告，GH替代后，认知功能（如言语记忆和处理速度）显著增强。然而，由于混淆因素和对认知障碍起源的假设，在TBI患者中生长激素筛查和治疗的利用不足仍然存在。这篇综述强调需要提高对GH/IGF-1评估作为TBI认知恢复治疗靶点的认识和进一步研究，特别是对于大约80%经常被忽视的轻度TBI患者。解决这些差距可能会改善那些受创伤性脑损伤相关认知障碍影响的患者的预后和生活质量。

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引用次数: 0

Pituitary hormone abnormalities following military-related traumatic brain injuries 军事创伤性脑损伤后垂体激素异常。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2026.101687

Megan Herodes , Jose M. Garcia

Pituitary hormone abnormalities are not uncommon among individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly among the military population which has a higher prevalence of lifetime TBI due to the risks associated with a military career. The diagnosis and treatment of these hormone abnormalities (also known as post-traumatic hypopituitarism or PTHP) is further complicated by numerous comorbidities (discussed below) endemic among individuals with a history of military service whose symptoms are similar to those of PTHP. This updated review discusses the unique pathophysiology of military-related TBI due to high frequency of blast TBI and multiple lifetime TBI, comorbidities within military and Veteran populations, and how these factors influence and are influenced by PTHP, including updated findings on military TBI incidence and PTHP prevalence. 0000-0002-9844-0375.

垂体激素异常在遭受创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的个体中并不罕见，特别是在军事人群中，由于与军事生涯相关的风险，终身TBI的患病率较高。这些激素异常（也称为创伤后垂体功能减退症或PTHP）的诊断和治疗因许多合并症（下文讨论）而进一步复杂化，这些合并症在有类似PTHP症状的服役史的个体中流行。这篇最新的综述讨论了由于爆炸性脑损伤和多生命期脑损伤的高频率导致的军事相关脑损伤的独特病理生理学，军人和退伍军人人群中的合并症，以及这些因素如何影响和受PTHP的影响，包括军事脑损伤发病率和PTHP患病率的最新发现。0000-0002-9844-0375。

引用次数: 0

Safety and efficacy of somapacitan in adults with growth hormone deficiency who were switched from daily growth hormone therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis somapacitan在从每日生长激素治疗转为生长激素缺乏症的成人中的安全性和有效性：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2025.101677

A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan , Lakshmi Nagendra , Ambika P. Ashraf , Subhankar Chatterjee , Deep Dutta , Joseph M. Pappachan

Background

The safety and efficacy of somapacitan, a novel long-acting growth hormone (GH) formulation, in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) remain insufficiently explored in systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MA). We aimed to fill this knowledge gap.

Methods

Databases were searched to identify RCTs and real-world studies involving adults with GHD who had previously been treated with daily GH and switched to once-weekly somapacitan. The primary outcome was the risk of adverse events (AEs); additional outcomes included treatment satisfaction, body composition measures, and insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1 SDS).

Results

This SR/MA included five studies (N = 297); four RCTs (n = 286) with a daily GH comparator group were meta-analyzed. Compared to daily GH, somapacitan increased the risk of all AEs (RR 1.31, 95 % CI [1.07, 1.61], P = 0.01), but not the risk of serious AEs or other specific AEs. Glucose homeostasis was less affected by somapacitan, indicated by a lesser increment in HbA1c in the somapacitan group and larger increases in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in the daily GH group. The convenience score increased more with somapacitan, while effectiveness and satisfaction scores changed similarly in both groups. No differences in body composition changes were observed, but somapacitan improved lumbar spine bone mineral content and density in one study. By the end, IGF-1 SDS values were comparable (MD -0.05 [−0.24, 0.15], P = 0.64).

Conclusion

Somapacitan is as effective as daily GH in treating adults with GHD, with a reasonable safety profile and modest benefits for glucose homeostasis, as well as treatment convenience.

somapacitan是一种新型的长效生长激素（GH）制剂，用于成人GH缺乏症（GHD）的安全性和有效性在系统综述和荟萃分析（SR/MA）中尚未得到充分的探讨。我们的目标是填补这一知识空白。方法检索数据库，以确定随机对照试验和现实世界的研究，这些研究涉及以前每天接受GH治疗的成人GHD患者，然后改为每周一次的somapacitan。主要结局是不良事件（ae）的风险；其他结果包括治疗满意度、体成分测量和胰岛素样生长因子-1标准偏差评分（IGF-1 SDS）。结果本次SR/MA纳入5项研究（N = 297）；4项rct （n = 286）与每日GH比较组进行meta分析。与每日GH相比，somapacitan增加了所有ae的风险（RR 1.31, 95% CI [1.07, 1.61], P = 0.01），但没有增加严重ae或其他特定ae的风险。葡萄糖稳态受somapacitan的影响较小，表明somapacitan组HbA1c的增量较小，而每日GH组空腹胰岛素和HOMA-IR的增加较大。使用somapacitan后，便利性得分增加更多，而两组的有效性和满意度得分变化相似。在一项研究中，没有观察到身体成分变化的差异，但somapacitan改善了腰椎骨矿物质含量和密度。最后，IGF-1 SDS值具有可比性（MD = -0.05 [- 0.24, 0.15], P = 0.64）。结论somapacitan治疗成人GHD与每日GH一样有效，具有合理的安全性和适度的葡萄糖稳态益处，并且治疗方便。

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of somapacitan in adults with growth hormone deficiency who were switched from daily growth hormone therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan , Lakshmi Nagendra , Ambika P. Ashraf , Subhankar Chatterjee , Deep Dutta , Joseph M. Pappachan","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2025.101677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2025.101677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The safety and efficacy of somapacitan, a novel long-acting growth hormone (GH) formulation, in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) remain insufficiently explored in systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MA). We aimed to fill this knowledge gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Databases were searched to identify RCTs and real-world studies involving adults with GHD who had previously been treated with daily GH and switched to once-weekly somapacitan. The primary outcome was the risk of adverse events (AEs); additional outcomes included treatment satisfaction, body composition measures, and insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1 SDS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This SR/MA included five studies (<em>N</em> = 297); four RCTs (<em>n</em> = 286) with a daily GH comparator group were meta-analyzed. Compared to daily GH, somapacitan increased the risk of all AEs (RR 1.31, 95 % CI [1.07, 1.61], <em>P</em> = 0.01), but not the risk of serious AEs or other specific AEs. Glucose homeostasis was less affected by somapacitan, indicated by a lesser increment in HbA1c in the somapacitan group and larger increases in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in the daily GH group. The convenience score increased more with somapacitan, while effectiveness and satisfaction scores changed similarly in both groups. No differences in body composition changes were observed, but somapacitan improved lumbar spine bone mineral content and density in one study. By the end, IGF-1 SDS values were comparable (MD -0.05 [−0.24, 0.15], <em>P</em> = 0.64).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Somapacitan is as effective as daily GH in treating adults with GHD, with a reasonable safety profile and modest benefits for glucose homeostasis, as well as treatment convenience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Auxology – an update 2025 Auxology - 2025年更新

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2026.101680

María Belén Tite Haro , Christiane Scheffler , Michael Hermanussen

Growth is a dynamic process and a mirror of health. Documenting child and adolescent growth includes careful, and if possible, longitudinal recordings of height, weight, and indicators of the state of maturity. Measurements should be translated into centiles or z-scores. Changes in height z-scores are related to the progress in maturation, and sensitive to growth arrests and catch-up growth.

Heritability studies and genome-wide association studies have traditionally been applied to assess the intrinsic regulators of growth. Nutritional, environmental and socio-economic factors are usually considered the major extrinsic regulators of growth.

Human growth is not a target seeking process, but a process that unfolds within a frame shaped and regulated primarily by the social community of family, peers, and neighbors. Community effects on height protect against being “too tall” or “too short” within a given social group.

In the healthy individual, height is a social signal which is strongly conserved in evolution. Height refers to social status among members of the same group, and is strategically regulated through neuroendocrine signals. Strategic adjustments of growth are part of social interactions. Being taller signals supremacy and dominance, being shorter signals inferiority.

Global growth charts are insufficient to reflect the social and historic plasticity of human growth, and can lead to misclassification of “normal” and “abnormal” growth within a given population.

成长是一个动态的过程，是健康的一面镜子。记录儿童和青少年的成长包括仔细的，如果可能的话，纵向记录身高、体重和成熟状态的指标。测量值应该转换成百分位或z分数。身高z分数的变化与成熟进程有关，对生长停滞和追赶生长敏感。遗传力研究和全基因组关联研究传统上被用于评估生长的内在调节因子。营养、环境和社会经济因素通常被认为是生长的主要外在调节因素。人的成长不是一个追求目标的过程，而是在一个主要由家庭、同伴和邻居等社会团体塑造和调节的框架内展开的过程。在一个特定的社会群体中，社区对身高的影响可以防止“太高”或“太矮”。在健康个体中，身高是一种社会信号，在进化过程中是高度保守的。身高是指在同一群体成员中的社会地位，并通过神经内分泌信号进行战略性调节。增长的战略性调整是社会互动的一部分。个子高表示至高无上和支配地位，个子矮表示自卑。全球增长图表不足以反映人类增长的社会和历史可塑性，并可能导致对特定人口中“正常”和“异常”增长的错误分类。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of body composition in active and controlled acromegaly by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry 用生物电阻抗分析和双能x线吸收测定法评价主动和控制肢端肥大症患者的身体成分

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2025.101678

Signe Graungaard , Mai Christiansen Arlien-Søborg , Niels Henrik Bruun , Erlend Gjersdal , Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen , Jakob Dal

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) compared to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of body composition in patients with active and controlled acromegaly.

Methods

BIA and DXA methods were applied to estimate body composition in patients with active acromegaly and again after disease control.

Results

16 patients with active acromegaly were included and followed until after disease control. GH nadir decreased from 5.5 ± 5.7 μg/L to 0.2 ± 0.3 μg/L, and IGF-1 levels from 565 ± 189 ng/L to 191 ± 137 ng/L after treatment. Body weight remained stable (95.4 ± 30.0 kg and 95.5 ± 26.7 kg) throughout the study period although fat mass increased by 3.2 kg (from 34.1 ± 15.2 kg to 37.5 ± 14.6 kg) or 4.5 kg (31.5 ± 14.6 kg to 36.0 ± 16.0 kg) measured by DXA or BIA, respectively. Lean body mass measured by DXA decreased by 2.2 kg (61.6 ± 16.9 kg to 59.4 ± 14.5 kg), while fat free mass decreased by 4.2 kg (63.4 ± 19.0 kg to 59.2 ± 15.7 kg) and total body water (L) decreased by 3.1 kg (46.4 ± 13.9 kg to 43.3 ± 11.5 kg) estimated by BIA. Using Bland–Altman analysis the bias in estimates for lean mass was −1.7 kg (LOA:−10.0–6.6 kg) in active acromegaly and 0.2 kg (LOA:−10.1–10.5 kg) with hormonal control. For fat mass, bias was 2.6 kg (LOA:−3.8–9.0 kg) in active disease and 1.5 kg (LOA:−5.0–8.1 kg) in controlled disease.

Conclusions

A high conformity between BIA predictions and DXA scan measurements was observed in patients with acromegaly during both active disease and hormonal control. BIA provides additional important estimations of body water content.

目的比较生物阻抗分析（BIA）与双能x线吸收仪（DXA）测量活动性和控制性肢端肥大症患者体成分的准确性。方法应用bia法和DXA法测定活动性肢端肥大症患者的体成分，并在疾病控制后再次测定。结果纳入16例活动性肢端肥大症患者，随访至疾病控制后。治疗后GH最低点由5.5±5.7 μg/L降至0.2±0.3 μg/L， IGF-1水平由565±189 ng/L降至191±137 ng/L。在整个研究期间，体重保持稳定（95.4±30.0 kg和95.5±26.7 kg），尽管DXA或BIA测量的脂肪量分别增加了3.2 kg（从34.1±15.2 kg到37.5±14.6 kg）或4.5 kg（31.5±14.6 kg到36.0±16.0 kg）。DXA测量的瘦体重下降了2.2 kg(61.6±16.9 kg至59.4±14.5 kg)，无脂体重下降了4.2 kg(63.4±19.0 kg至59.2±15.7 kg)， BIA估计的全身水分(L)下降了3.1 kg（46.4±13.9 kg至43.3±11.5 kg）。使用Bland-Altman分析，活动性肢端肥大症患者的瘦体重估计值偏差为- 1.7 kg (LOA: - 10.0-6.6 kg)，激素控制的患者的瘦体重估计值偏差为0.2 kg （LOA: - 10.1-10.5 kg）。对于脂肪质量，活动性疾病的偏差为2.6 kg (LOA:−3.8-9.0 kg)，对照疾病的偏差为1.5 kg （LOA:−5.0-8.1 kg）。结论肢端肥大症患者在活动性疾病和激素控制期间，BIA预测值与DXA扫描值具有较高的符合性。BIA提供了对身体水分含量的额外重要估计。

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引用次数: 0

Administration study of somapacitan, a long-acting growth hormone derivative, in horse for doping control purpose 一种长效生长激素衍生物somapacitan在马体内用于兴奋剂控制的研究

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2025.101662

Yoshibumi Shimizu , Michiko Sugai-Bannai , Haruka Tanabe , Kazunobu Saito , Hiroki Ito , Hirotaka Tokushige , Kazuhiro Kamiya , Misato Hirano-Kodaira , Masayuki Yamada , Gary Ngai-Wa Leung

Somapacitan is the second generation of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) medication that retains the pharmacological effects of rhGH but exhibits a longer duration of action due to its reversible albumin-binding in the body. In general, the use of all recombinant growth hormone (rGH) analogues is banned by the human and animal sports regulatory authorities due to their anabolic and lipolytic effects. However, little is known about the elimination kinetics and biological effects of the newly introduced long-acting rhGH, somapacitan, in horses. This paper describes the administration study of somapacitan and its elimination in horses, its correlation with plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, an established indicator for rGH abuse, and the evaluation of the detection capability of our recently developed liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method in equine plasma after extraction and trypsin digestion specifically designed for controlling the misuse or abuse of somapacitan. Three thoroughbred mares were each administered 90 mg somapacitan subcutaneously. Plasma IGF-1 concentration significantly increased in all horses after administration of somapacitan. The somapacitan-specific T10 peptide fragment that allows discriminative identification of somapacitan and rhGH was detected up to 14 days and confirmed in post-administration samples collected up to 10 days. Several shared peptide fragments between somapacitan and rhGH were also detected and confirmed in plasma samples collected 14 days post-administration, supporting the applicability of the test strategy for the analysis of authentic doping control samples in horses.

Somapacitan是第二代重组人生长激素（rhGH）药物，它保留了rhGH的药理作用，但由于其在体内的可逆白蛋白结合而表现出更长的作用时间。一般来说，所有重组生长激素（rGH）类似物的使用都是被人类和动物运动监管机构禁止的，因为它们具有合成代谢和脂溶作用。然而，对新引入的长效rhGH somapacitan在马体内的消除动力学和生物效应知之甚少。本文介绍了somapacitan的给药研究及其在马体内的消除，其与血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1 （IGF-1）水平的相关性，这是一种已建立的rGH滥用指标，以及我们最近开发的用于控制somapacitan滥用的提取和胰蛋白酶消化后的马血浆中液相色谱高分辨率质谱（LC-HRMS）检测能力的评估。3匹良种母马，每匹皮下注射90 mg somapacitan。给药后，所有马的血浆IGF-1浓度显著升高。在14天内检测到可区分somapacitan和rhGH的somapacitan特异性T10肽片段，并在给药后10天收集的样本中得到证实。在给药后14天收集的血浆样本中，还检测到并确认了somapacitan和rhGH之间的几个共享肽片段，支持了该检测策略对马的真实兴奋剂控制样本分析的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Growth hormone - releasing hormone antagonists induce autophagy in cancer cells 生长激素释放激素拮抗剂诱导癌细胞自噬

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Growth Hormone & Igf Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2025.101668

Madan Sigdel , Saikat Fakir , Md Matiur Rahman Sarker, Nektarios Barabutis

GHRH antagonists (GHRHAnt) were developed to suppress cancers and have been associated with robust anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. The mechanisms involved in those effects are not completely understood. MDA-MB-468 and A549 cancer cells, which express GHRH receptors, were treated with GHRHAnt JV-1-36, to evaluate the effects of that compound in autophagy. JV-1-36 induces autophagy in MDA-MB-468 and A549 cells since exposure to the aforementioned peptide elevated the expression levels of the autophagy-related protein (ATG) – 5, ATG – 3, ATG – 7, and ATG-16L1. In contrast, MCF-7 cells - which do not express GHRH receptors – did not respond to GHRHAnt. Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of GHRHAnt in cancers may involve autophagy. Further studies will attempt to delineate the underlying mechanisms.

GHRH拮抗剂（GHRHAnt）被开发用于抑制癌症，并具有强大的抗炎和抗氧化活性。这些影响所涉及的机制尚未完全了解。表达GHRH受体的MDA-MB-468和A549癌细胞用GHRHAnt JV-1-36处理，以评估该化合物对自噬的影响。JV-1-36诱导MDA-MB-468和A549细胞自噬，因为暴露于上述肽提高了自噬相关蛋白(ATG) - 5、ATG- 3、ATG- 7和ATG- 16l1的表达水平。相反，不表达GHRH受体的MCF-7细胞对GHRHAnt没有反应。我们的研究结果表明，GHRHAnt在癌症中的有益作用可能与自噬有关。进一步的研究将试图描述潜在的机制。

引用次数: 0