We examined whether auto/paracrine insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) contributes to the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in chicken myotubes.
Methods
Chicken myotubes were treated with IGF-1 siRNA, and then total RNA and protein were harvested for real-time PCR and western blot analysis.
Results
Treatment with IGF-1 siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, but not of ribosomal protein S6, in chicken myotubes. Interestingly, IGF-1 siRNA downregulated the expression of IGF-2.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that auto/paracrine IGF-1 contributes to Akt and ERK phosphorylation in chicken myotubes.
{"title":"IGF-1 knockdown inhibits phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in chicken embryonic myotubes","authors":"Takaoki Saneyasu, Tomonori Nakamura, Kazuhisa Honda, Hiroshi Kamisoyama","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We examined whether auto/paracrine insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) contributes to the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in chicken myotubes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Chicken myotubes were treated with IGF-1 siRNA, and then total RNA and protein were harvested for real-time PCR and western blot analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Treatment with IGF-1 siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, but not of ribosomal protein S6, in chicken myotubes. Interestingly, IGF-1 siRNA downregulated the expression of IGF-2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results of this study suggest that auto/paracrine IGF-1 contributes to Akt and ERK phosphorylation in chicken myotubes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39991022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101482
Stephanie A. Osganian , Sonu Subudhi , Ricard Masia , Hannah K. Drescher , Lea M. Bartsch , Mark L. Chicote , Raymond T. Chung , Denise W. Gee , Elan R. Witkowski , Miriam A. Bredella , Georg M. Lauer , Kathleen E. Corey , Laura E. Dichtel
Objective
The GH and IGF-1 axis is a candidate disease-modifying target in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) given its lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and GH receptor (GHR) expression in adult, human hepatic tissue is not well understood across the spectrum of NAFLD severity. Therefore, we sought to investigate hepatic IGF-1R and GHR expression in subjects with NAFLD utilizing gene expression analysis (GEA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Design
GEA (n = 318) and IHC (n = 30) cohorts were identified from the Massachusetts General Hospital NAFLD Tissue Repository. GEA subjects were categorized based on histopathology as normal liver histology (NLH), steatosis only (Steatosis), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) without fibrosis (NASH F0), and NASH with fibrosis (NASH F1–4) with GEA by the Nanostring nCounter assay. IHC subjects were matched for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, and diabetic status across three groups (n = 10 each): NLH, Steatosis, and NASH with fibrosis (NASH F1–3). IHC for IGF-1R, IGF-1 and GHR was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue samples.
Results
IGF-1R gene expression did not differ across NAFLD severity while IGF-1 gene expression decreased with increasing NAFLD severity, including when controlled for BMI and age. GHR expression did not differ by severity of NAFLD based on GEA or IHC.
Conclusions
IGF-1R and GHR expression levels were not significantly different across NAFLD disease severity. However, expression of IGF-1 was lower with increasing severity of NAFLD. Additional research is needed regarding the contribution of the GH/IGF-1 axis to the pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH.
{"title":"Expression of IGF-1 receptor and GH receptor in hepatic tissue of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","authors":"Stephanie A. Osganian , Sonu Subudhi , Ricard Masia , Hannah K. Drescher , Lea M. Bartsch , Mark L. Chicote , Raymond T. Chung , Denise W. Gee , Elan R. Witkowski , Miriam A. Bredella , Georg M. Lauer , Kathleen E. Corey , Laura E. Dichtel","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span><span><span>The GH and IGF-1 axis is a candidate disease-modifying target in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) given its lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and </span>GH receptor (GHR) expression in adult, human hepatic tissue is not well understood across the spectrum of NAFLD severity. Therefore, we sought to investigate hepatic IGF-1R and </span>GHR expression in subjects with NAFLD utilizing </span>gene expression analysis<span> (GEA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).</span></p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>GEA (<em>n</em> = 318) and IHC (<em>n</em><span><span> = 30) cohorts were identified from the Massachusetts General Hospital NAFLD Tissue Repository. GEA subjects were categorized based on histopathology<span> as normal liver histology<span> (NLH), steatosis only (Steatosis), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) without fibrosis (NASH F0), and NASH with fibrosis (NASH F1–4) with GEA by the Nanostring nCounter assay. IHC subjects were matched for age, </span></span></span>body mass index (BMI), sex, and diabetic status across three groups (</span><em>n</em> = 10 each): NLH, Steatosis, and NASH with fibrosis (NASH F1–3). IHC for IGF-1R, IGF-1 and GHR was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IGF-1R gene expression did not differ across NAFLD severity while IGF-1 gene expression decreased with increasing NAFLD severity, including when controlled for BMI and age. GHR expression did not differ by severity of NAFLD based on GEA or IHC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>IGF-1R and GHR expression levels were not significantly different across NAFLD disease severity. However, expression of IGF-1 was lower with increasing severity of NAFLD. Additional research is needed regarding the contribution of the GH/IGF-1 axis to the pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10285782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101483
Avivah Silbergeld , Chen Barazani , Zvi Laron
Background
Despite many similarities between the structure, receptors, proliferative and growth promoting actions, the relationship between Prolactin (PRL) and Growth Hormone (GH) in clinical conditions has received little attention.
Objective
To determine the PRL response to GH stimulation tests.
Subjects
Prepubertal and early pubertal boys (n = 581) and girls (n = 502) with idiopathic, non-syndromatic short stature.
Design
Data was retrieved from the computerized records of the Endocrine Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center. Peak GH and PRL levels during GH stimulation tests with glucagon (Gluc), Clonidine (Clon) and Clonidine with arginine (Clon+Arg), were compared. Both PRL and GH were determined by radioimmunoassay.
Results
Whereas Gluc stimulated both GH and PRL to similar levels, Clon alone or combined with Arg suppressed the PRL secretion (p < 0.0001). It is also evident that in both boys and girls Clon alone and Clon±Arg are superior to Gluc in GH stimulation. The higher GH levels during Clon+Arg than with Clon alone are attributed to the pubertal stage.
Conclusion
This study provides further information on the Prolactin-Growth hormone relationship in children.
{"title":"Prolactin response to growth hormone stimulation tests","authors":"Avivah Silbergeld , Chen Barazani , Zvi Laron","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite many similarities between the structure, receptors, proliferative and growth promoting actions, the relationship between Prolactin (PRL) and Growth Hormone (GH) in clinical conditions has received little attention.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the PRL response to GH stimulation tests.</p></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><p>Prepubertal and early pubertal boys (<em>n</em> = 581) and girls (<em>n</em> = 502) with idiopathic, non-syndromatic short stature.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p><span>Data was retrieved from the computerized records of the Endocrine Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center. Peak GH and PRL levels during GH stimulation tests with glucagon (Gluc), </span>Clonidine<span> (Clon) and Clonidine with arginine (Clon+Arg), were compared. Both PRL and GH were determined by radioimmunoassay.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Whereas Gluc stimulated both GH and PRL to similar levels, Clon alone or combined with Arg suppressed the PRL secretion (</span><em>p</em> < 0.0001). It is also evident that in both boys and girls Clon alone and Clon±Arg are superior to Gluc in GH stimulation. The higher GH levels during Clon+Arg than with Clon alone are attributed to the pubertal stage.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides further information on the Prolactin-Growth hormone relationship in children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40565193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101460
Patricia Mora-Criollo , Reetobrata Basu , Yanrong Qian , Jaime A. Costales , Jaime Guevara-Aguirre , Mario J. Grijalva , John J. Kopchick
Objective
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. It affects 7 to 8 million people worldwide and leads to approximately 50,000 deaths per year. In vitro and in vivo studies had demonstrated that Trypanosoma cruziinfection causes an imbalance in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that is accompanied by a progressive decrease in growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) production. In humans, inactivating mutations in the GH receptor gene cause Laron Syndrome (LS), an autosomal recessive disorder. Affected subjects are short, have increased adiposity, decreased insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI), increased serum GH levels, are highly resistant to diabetes and cancer, and display slow cognitive decline. In addition, CD incidence in these individuals is diminished despite living in highly endemic areas. Consequently, we decided to investigate the in vitro effect of GH/IGF-I on T. cruzi infection.
Design
We first treated the parasite and/or host cells with different peptide hormones including GH, IGFI, and PRL. Then, we treated cells using different combinations of GH/IGF-I attempting to mimic the GH/IGF-I serum levels observed in LS subjects.
Results
We found that exogenous GH confers protection against T. cruzi infection. Moreover, this effect is mediated by GH and not IGFI. The combination of relatively high GH (50 ng/ml) and low IGF-I (20 ng/ml), mimicking the hormonal pattern seen in LS individuals, consistently decreased T. cruzi infection in vitro.
Conclusions
The combination of relatively high GH and low IGF-I serum levels in LS individuals may be an underlying condition providing partial protection against T. cruzi infection.
{"title":"Growth hormone modulates Trypanosoma cruzi infection in vitro","authors":"Patricia Mora-Criollo , Reetobrata Basu , Yanrong Qian , Jaime A. Costales , Jaime Guevara-Aguirre , Mario J. Grijalva , John J. Kopchick","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>Chagas disease<span> (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite, </span></span><span><span>Trypanosoma cruzi</span></span>. It affects 7 to 8 million people worldwide and leads to approximately 50,000 deaths per year. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em><span> studies had demonstrated that Trypanosoma cruziinfection causes an imbalance in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that is accompanied by a progressive decrease in growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) production. In humans, inactivating mutations in the GH receptor<span> gene cause Laron Syndrome<span> (LS), an autosomal recessive disorder. Affected subjects are short, have increased adiposity, decreased insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF</span></span></span><img><span>I), increased serum GH levels, are highly resistant to diabetes and cancer, and display slow cognitive decline. In addition, CD incidence in these individuals is diminished despite living in highly endemic areas. Consequently, we decided to investigate the </span><em>in vitro</em> effect of GH/IGF-I on <em>T. cruzi</em> infection<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p><span>We first treated the parasite and/or host cells with different peptide hormones including GH, IGF</span><img>I, and PRL. Then, we treated cells using different combinations of GH/IGF-I attempting to mimic the GH/IGF-I serum levels observed in LS subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that exogenous GH confers protection against <em>T. cruzi</em> infection. Moreover, this effect is mediated by GH and not IGF<img>I. The combination of relatively high GH (50 ng/ml) and low IGF-I (20 ng/ml), mimicking the hormonal pattern seen in LS individuals, consistently decreased <em>T. cruzi</em> infection <em>in vitro</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The combination of relatively high GH and low IGF-I serum levels in LS individuals may be an underlying condition providing partial protection against <em>T. cruzi</em> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83042263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101468
Sigal Ben-Zaken , Yoav Meckel , Liina Remmel , Dan Nemet , Jaak Jürimäe , Alon Eliakim
Objective
Decathlon is a combined track and field competition, consisting of ten, mainly anaerobic events. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) axis plays a pivotal role in athletes' structural and functional muscle adaptation to exercise training, and in their competitive performance. Based on the great demand for speed physiological characteristics among decathlon athletes, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IGF genetic polymorphisms among decathletes, to present an optimal genetic profile for enhancing performance.
Methods
The participants included 151 male athletes and 75 male non-athletic controls from Israel and Estonia. Athletes were divided into four groups, according to the field of expertise: (a) 40 sprinters and long jumpers; (b) 40 middle distance runners; (c) 44 Weightlifters; and (d) 27 decathletes. Genomic DNA was extracted from the participants' buccal epithelial cells using standard protocol and then analyzed for IGF1 axis related genetic polymorphism using the allelic discrimination assay.
Results
A significantly higher prevalence of the IGF1 rs35767 TT genotype was found among decathletes compared to the other athletes, as well as a lower prevalence of the IGF1 rs7136446 GG genotype, a higher prevalence of the IGF1R rs1464430 AA genotype, and a higher prevalence of the IGF2 rs680 GG genotype. Moreover, among the decathletes, carriers of the IGF1 rs7136446 GG genotype achieved higher decathlon scores compared to A-allele carriers.
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest a potential beneficial role for some IGF-axis polymorphisms (mainly the IGF1 1245 TT and the IGF2 GG) among decathletes, both of which are associated with improved speed performance.
{"title":"The prevalence of IGF-I axis genetic polymorphisms among decathlon athletes","authors":"Sigal Ben-Zaken , Yoav Meckel , Liina Remmel , Dan Nemet , Jaak Jürimäe , Alon Eliakim","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Decathlon is a combined track and field competition, consisting of ten, mainly anaerobic events. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) axis plays a pivotal role in athletes' structural and functional muscle adaptation to exercise training, and in their competitive performance. Based on the great demand for speed physiological characteristics among decathlon athletes, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IGF genetic polymorphisms<span> among decathletes, to present an optimal genetic profile for enhancing performance.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The participants included 151 male athletes and 75 male non-athletic controls from Israel and Estonia. Athletes were divided into four groups, according to the field of expertise: (a) 40 sprinters and long jumpers; (b) 40 middle distance runners; (c) 44 Weightlifters; and (d) 27 decathletes. Genomic DNA was extracted from the participants' buccal epithelial cells using standard protocol and then analyzed for IGF1 axis related genetic polymorphism using the allelic discrimination assay.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A significantly higher prevalence of the <em>IGF1</em> rs35767 TT genotype was found among decathletes compared to the other athletes, as well as a lower prevalence of the <em>IGF1</em> rs7136446 GG genotype, a higher prevalence of the <em>IGF1R</em> rs1464430 AA genotype, and a higher prevalence of the <em>IGF2</em> rs680 GG genotype. Moreover, among the decathletes, carriers of the <em>IGF1</em> rs7136446 GG genotype achieved higher decathlon scores compared to A-allele carriers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings of this study suggest a potential beneficial role for some IGF-axis polymorphisms (mainly the <em>IGF1</em> 1245 TT and the <em>IGF2</em> GG) among decathletes, both of which are associated with improved speed performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86607194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by restriction of energy intake, low weight, and endocrine abnormalities. One of the known endocrine changes in relation to underweight is in the GH/IGF-I axis. The aim of the study was (a) to investigate longitudinal characteristics of the IGF-I-change during therapy and weight gain in adult AN, (b) to determine relationships between IGF-I and leptin, (c) to characterize patients with weak and pronounced hormonal reactions to underweight.
Design
Data was assessed from 19 AN patients. Over the first two months, serum IGF-I concentrations were assessed on a weekly basis; thereafter on a monthly basis. The trend of IGF-I values over time was analyzed using individual growth models.
Results
In total, n = 177 IGF-I measurements were analyzed. IGF-I increased significantly dependent on BMI (slope = 20.81, p < 0.001), not modulated by duration of disease. The increase in IGF-I was significantly related to the increase in leptin concentrations over time (slope = 15.57, p < 0.001). Patients with a weaker hormonal reaction to underweight were significantly older compared to patients with a pronounced hormonal reaction (t(17) = 3.07, p = 0.007).
Conclusions
During treatment, IGF-I change is clearly related to BMI as well as to leptin. Age appears to be associated with the IGF-I response to underweight.
{"title":"Time course and reaction types of serum IGF-1 and its relationship to BMI and leptin regarding inpatients with anorexia nervosa","authors":"Christiane Hellwig-Walter , Maik Brune , Dieter Schellberg , Magdalena Buckert , Daniela Wesche , Ulrich Cuntz , Hans-Christoph Friederich , Beate Wild","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by restriction of energy intake, low weight, and endocrine abnormalities. One of the known endocrine changes in relation to underweight is in the GH/IGF-I axis. The aim of the study was (a) to investigate longitudinal characteristics of the IGF-I-change during therapy and weight gain in adult AN, (b) to determine relationships between IGF-I and leptin, (c) to characterize patients with weak and pronounced hormonal reactions to underweight.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Data was assessed from 19 AN patients. Over the first two months, serum IGF-I concentrations were assessed on a weekly basis; thereafter on a monthly basis. The trend of IGF-I values over time was analyzed using individual growth models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, <em>n</em> = 177 IGF-I measurements were analyzed. IGF-I increased significantly dependent on BMI (slope = 20.81, <em>p</em> < 0.001), not modulated by duration of disease. The increase in IGF-I was significantly related to the increase in leptin concentrations over time (slope = 15.57, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Patients with a weaker hormonal reaction to underweight were significantly older compared to patients with a pronounced hormonal reaction (t(17) = 3.07, <em>p</em> = 0.007).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>During treatment, IGF-I change is clearly related to BMI as well as to leptin. Age appears to be associated with the IGF-I response to underweight.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90100572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101467
Carolina Peixe , Miriam Sánchez-García , Ashley B. Grossman , Márta Korbonits , Pedro Marques
The most frequent diagnosis underlying the finding of an elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is acromegaly due to a GH-secreting pituitary tumour. However, GH and IGF-1 levels can be discordant in patients with acromegaly due to early or partially treated disease, or there might be another cause of high GH or high IGF-1 unrelated to acromegaly, such as pre-analytical and technical pitfalls, physiological circumstances and pathological conditions. High GH and normal or low serum IGF-1, or alternatively, normal GH with elevated serum IGF-1, should be carefully assessed to avoid misinterpreting the activity of acromegaly or misdiagnosing a patient with acromegaly. We summarise here these biochemical discrepancies in the evaluation of the somatotroph axis.
{"title":"Biochemical discrepancies in the evaluation of the somatotroph axis: Elevated GH or IGF-1 levels do not always diagnose acromegaly","authors":"Carolina Peixe , Miriam Sánchez-García , Ashley B. Grossman , Márta Korbonits , Pedro Marques","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The most frequent diagnosis underlying the finding of an elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is acromegaly due to a GH-secreting pituitary tumour. However, GH and IGF-1 levels can be discordant </span>in patients with acromegaly due to early or partially treated disease, or there might be another cause of high GH or high IGF-1 unrelated to acromegaly, such as pre-analytical and technical pitfalls, physiological circumstances and pathological conditions. High GH and normal or low serum IGF-1, or alternatively, normal GH with elevated serum IGF-1, should be carefully assessed to avoid misinterpreting the activity of acromegaly or misdiagnosing a patient with acromegaly. We summarise here these biochemical discrepancies in the evaluation of the somatotroph axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77397512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101458
Julie Chen , Laurence Katznelson
Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of the female reproductive system. In vitro and non-human in vivo studies demonstrate a role of GH in steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and post-fertilization development. Given its ability to modulate the reproductive system and potentiate the effects of gonadotropins, a beneficial role of GH replacement therapy to optimize fertility has been suggested. Women with hypopituitarism have lower pregnancy and live birth rates. Limited data suggest a role of GH in enhancing fertility management in women with hypopituitarism. GH replacement therapy may be especially relevant in women with hypopituitarism as well as in women considered poor ovarian responders and require assisted reproductive techniques.
{"title":"The role of growth hormone for fertility in women with hypopituitarism","authors":"Julie Chen , Laurence Katznelson","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of the female reproductive system. In vitro and non-human in vivo studies demonstrate a role of GH in </span>steroidogenesis, </span>folliculogenesis<span><span>, and post-fertilization development. Given its ability to modulate the reproductive system and potentiate the effects of gonadotropins<span>, a beneficial role of GH replacement therapy to optimize fertility has been suggested. Women with hypopituitarism have lower pregnancy and live birth rates. Limited data suggest a role of GH in enhancing fertility management in women with hypopituitarism. GH replacement therapy may be especially relevant in women with hypopituitarism as well as in women considered poor ovarian responders and require </span></span>assisted reproductive techniques.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78765154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101459
Yogesh C. Bangar, Ankit Magotra, A.S. Yadav, C.S. Patil
Objective
The present work aimed to obtain common effect sizes for the gene frequency and association of MspI derived variants of growth hormone (GH) gene with milk yield in dairy cows.
Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 published studies identified in literature search from 2000 to 2020 (n = 4164). These studies were specific to fragment size (329) for genotypes viz., CC (224, 105 bp), CD (329, 224, 105 bp) and DD (329 bp). Pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) as effect sizes between allele pairs were derived using different genetic models. The heterogeneity between effects sizes across studies was estimated using I2 Index (%).
Results
The common effect size for gene frequency of allele C (224, 105 bp) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 2881 Bos taurus/cross cows (0.82; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.89; I2 = 97.81%) than 1283 Bos indicus cows (0.15; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.18; I2 = 71.90%), with overall gene frequency was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.46; I2 = 99.29%). Additive (CC vs. DD) and dominant (CC + CD vs. DD) did not revealed significant (P > 0.05) association with milk yield. However, completely over dominant (CC + DD vs. CD) and recessive (CC vs. CD + DD) models showed significant (P < 0.05) and positive SMDs with milk yield specially at early lactations. There was no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%) between SMDs across studies.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggested potential association of C allele for enhancing milk production of dairy cows.
目的研究奶牛生长激素(GH)基因MspI衍生变异的基因频率及其与产奶量的关系。方法:我们对2000年至2020年文献检索中已发表的35项研究(n = 4164)进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。这些研究是针对基因型的片段大小(329)进行的,即CC (224, 105 bp), CD (329, 224, 105 bp)和DD (329 bp)。利用不同的遗传模型推导出等位基因对间的效应大小。使用I2指数(%)估计各研究间效应大小的异质性。结果等位基因C基因频率的共同效应量(224,105 bp)显著(P <2881头牛/杂交牛(0.82;95% ci: 0.74, 0.89;I2 = 97.81%)高于1283头母牛(0.15;95% ci: 0.12, 0.18;I2 = 71.90%),总基因频率为0.33 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.46;i2 = 99.29%)。加性(CC vs. DD)和显性(CC + CD vs. DD)无显著差异(P >0.05)与产奶量相关。然而,完全过显性(CC + DD vs. CD)和隐性(CC vs. CD + DD)模型显示显著(P <0.05), smd阳性与泌乳量有关,尤其是在泌乳早期。没有证据表明不同研究的smd之间存在异质性(I2 = 0.00%)。结论本荟萃分析提示C等位基因与奶牛产奶量的潜在关联。
{"title":"Meta-analysis of MspI derived variants of growth hormone gene associated with milk yield in dairy cattle","authors":"Yogesh C. Bangar, Ankit Magotra, A.S. Yadav, C.S. Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present work aimed to obtain common effect sizes for the gene frequency and association of <em>Msp</em>I derived variants of growth hormone (GH) gene with milk yield in dairy cows.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 published studies identified in literature search from 2000 to 2020 (</span><em>n</em> = 4164). These studies were specific to fragment size (329) for genotypes viz.<em>,</em> CC (224, 105 bp), CD (329, 224, 105 bp) and DD (329 bp). Pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) as effect sizes between allele pairs were derived using different genetic models. The heterogeneity between effects sizes across studies was estimated using I<sup>2</sup> Index (%).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The common effect size for gene frequency of allele C (224, 105 bp) was significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) higher in 2881 <span><em>Bos taurus</em></span>/cross cows (0.82; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.89; I<sup>2</sup> = 97.81%) than 1283 <span><em>Bos indicus</em></span> cows (0.15; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.18; I<sup>2</sup> = 71.90%), with overall gene frequency was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.46; I<sup>2</sup> = 99.29%). Additive (CC vs. DD) and dominant (CC + CD vs. DD) did not revealed significant (<em>P</em> > 0.05) association with milk yield. However, completely over dominant (CC + DD vs. CD) and recessive (CC vs. CD + DD) models showed significant (<em>P</em><span> < 0.05) and positive SMDs with milk yield specially at early lactations. There was no evidence of heterogeneity (I</span><sup>2</sup> = 0.00%) between SMDs across studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This meta-analysis suggested potential association of C allele for enhancing milk production of dairy cows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84620827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101457
Maria Maddalena Sirufo , Lina Maria Magnanimi , Lia Ginaldi , Massimo De Martinis
This is the story of a giant who lived in Abruzzo 200 years ago. He became a symbol for his people and a strong resilience generator. Gigantism, in the history of humanity has always attracted attention, albeit passing over the centuries from myth, from divinity to the freak phenomenon, the freak of nature that becomes a spectacle to show off. The attraction for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gigantism developed by the end of 19th century. Increased levels of growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like growth hormone 1 (IGF1) causes overgrowth in pituitary gigantism. The imposing size of the body, in our imagination, represents strength and health, reason why in our imagination it almost becomes a divine mythical image. The story of the Acciano's Giant represents a cultural heritage that passes from one generation to the next, that contributes in giving a sense of identity and continuity. It provides a link from past to present and to the future. Encourages a sense of identity and responsibility contributing to social cohesion, helping individuals to feel members of one community. A disease, represented by the Giant, has become a symbol capable of bringing the community together and giving it the strength to react to environment, nature and history. This is a lesson that teaches us the sense of community.
{"title":"The true story of the “strong and gentle” Acciano's Giant","authors":"Maria Maddalena Sirufo , Lina Maria Magnanimi , Lia Ginaldi , Massimo De Martinis","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This is the story of a giant who lived in Abruzzo 200 years ago. He became a symbol for his people and a strong resilience generator. Gigantism, in the history of humanity has always attracted attention, albeit passing over the centuries from myth, from divinity to the freak phenomenon, the freak of nature that becomes a spectacle to show off. The attraction for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gigantism developed by the end of 19th century. Increased levels of growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like </span>growth hormone 1 (IGF1) causes overgrowth in pituitary gigantism. The imposing size of the body, in our imagination, represents strength and health, reason why in our imagination it almost becomes a divine mythical image. The story of the Acciano's Giant represents a cultural heritage that passes from one generation to the next, that contributes in giving a sense of identity and continuity. It provides a link from past to present and to the future. Encourages a sense of identity and responsibility contributing to social cohesion, helping individuals to feel members of one community. A disease, represented by the Giant, has become a symbol capable of bringing the community together and giving it the strength to react to environment, nature and history. This is a lesson that teaches us the sense of community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40325446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}