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Barriers and Challenges of Immigrant Women’s Access to and Experience of Optimal Maternity Care 移民妇女获得最佳产妇护理的障碍和挑战
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v13i1.10690
C. Zhu
With an increase in immigrant populations, healthcare systems are experiencing a new wave of ethnic-cultural diversity among patients. For the 48.1% of women among global migrants, maternal healthcare services are often the first level of contact with new healthcare systems in countries of resettlement. However, immigrants face many barriers, including socioeconomic and language considerations. As maternal care requires frequent contact with health care services through all stages of pregnancy, ensuring the quality of care is important to protect maternal and infant health. Using a systematic review method analyzing 17 articles from PubMed and Google Scholar in the past 20 years, 3 overarching themes were identified: lack of access to prenatal care, cultural insensitivity during in-hospital settings, and challenge in identifying and experiencing post-partum depression. This literature review reveals the broader influences and contextual variables in maternity care and highlights problems relating to the acceptability and accessibility of maternity services for immigrant women. Overall, this paper reveals the importance of considering immigrants’ socio-cultural context of childbirth practices, creating more accessible prenatal classes, and addressing disparities in postpartum depression. This knowledge can better inform health services delivery and formulate health promotion strategies to address discrepancies in maternal health outcomes. 
随着移民人口的增加,医疗保健系统正在经历患者中种族文化多样性的新浪潮。对于全球移民中48.1%的妇女来说,孕产妇保健服务往往是与安置国新保健系统接触的第一级。然而,移民面临许多障碍,包括社会经济和语言方面的考虑。由于产妇保健需要在怀孕的各个阶段经常接触保健服务,因此确保保健质量对于保护产妇和婴儿健康至关重要。通过系统回顾方法分析了PubMed和Google Scholar在过去20年中发表的17篇文章,确定了3个主要主题:缺乏产前护理,医院环境中的文化不敏感,以及识别和经历产后抑郁症的挑战。这篇文献综述揭示了产科护理的更广泛的影响和上下文变量,并强调了与移民妇女接受和获得产科服务有关的问题。总体而言,本文揭示了考虑移民分娩实践的社会文化背景,创建更容易获得的产前课程以及解决产后抑郁症差异的重要性。这些知识可以更好地为卫生服务提供提供信息,并制定健康促进战略,以解决孕产妇健康结果的差异。
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引用次数: 1
Novel Community Participatory Approach to Violence Intervention Program for Latino Youth 拉丁裔青年暴力干预计划的新型社区参与方法
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v13i1.10698
Humberto Baquerizo, Steven Munoz, Novneet Sahu, Ping-Hsin Chen
Firearm violence is heavily prominent in large urban cities. Upon closer inspection, a pattern becomes evident whereby violence clusters in marginalized minority populations. In fact, gun violence is the leading cause of death of Hispanic youth aged 15 to 29 in the United States[6].  Unfortunately, many current, existing intervention programs lack the cultural competencies needed to engage directly with impacted communities. This article highlights a novel community participatory collaborative approach for violence intervention. Collaborating with an established program, the VOICE (Violence Outreach Intervention and Community Education) Program, youth from the greater Essex County area participated in gun violence awareness sessions. Activities included virtual education workshops, in-person teaching sessions, and local community engagement activities. The program shows how community engagement, meeting students at where they are, could help us create awareness in how to de-escalate violence. This participatory approach could be an innovative way to break the cycle of violence of our youth, especially Latinos.
枪支暴力在大城市非常突出。仔细观察就会发现一种明显的模式,即暴力集中在边缘少数群体中。事实上,枪支暴力是美国15 - 29岁西班牙裔青年死亡的主要原因[6]。不幸的是,许多现有的干预项目缺乏与受影响社区直接接触所需的文化能力。本文重点介绍了一种新颖的社区参与式暴力干预合作方法。来自大埃塞克斯县地区的青年与一个已建立的项目“暴力外展干预和社区教育”合作,参加了认识枪支暴力的会议。活动包括虚拟教育研讨会、面对面教学会议和当地社区参与活动。该项目展示了社区参与,在学生所在的地方与他们见面,可以帮助我们提高如何减少暴力的意识。这种参与性方法可能是打破青年暴力循环的一种创新方式,尤其是拉美裔青年。
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引用次数: 0
An Adaptable Approach to Expanding our Knowledge of Medical Interpreter Experiences 扩展我们医学口译经验知识的适应性方法
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v13i1.10648
Michaela K Hitchner, Meredith Getachew, Mary Jayne McCullough
Medical interpreters represent a valuable resource for positively affecting the health of populations with limited English proficiency. Global Wordsmiths, a social enterprise based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, explored the experiences and needs of their medical interpreters using a survey adapted from a variety of qualified sources in health care quality improvement, health literacy, and needs assessments of populations with limited English proficiency. Participant voices suggest the presence of multiple roles of medical interpreters beyond word for word translation as well as lack of adequate training and psychosocial support among the profession. The presence of multiple roles outside their defined job responsibilities and need for more psychosocial support hinders medical interpreters’ ability to positively affect health care access, quality, and outcomes among populations with limited English proficiency. As such, we identify a vital need for health literacy research and practice to further investigate medical interpreters’ experiences. 
医疗口译员是一种宝贵的资源,可以对英语水平有限的人群的健康产生积极影响。总部位于宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的社会企业Global Wordsmiths通过一项调查,探讨了他们的医疗口译员的经验和需求,该调查改编自各种合格来源,涉及医疗保健质量改善、健康素养和英语水平有限的人群的需求评估。与会者的声音表明,除了逐字翻译之外,医疗口译员还发挥着多种作用,而且该专业人员缺乏适当的培训和社会心理支持。在其定义的工作职责之外存在多重角色,并且需要更多的社会心理支持,这阻碍了医疗口译员在英语水平有限的人群中积极影响医疗服务的获取、质量和结果的能力。因此,我们确定了健康素养研究和实践的迫切需要,以进一步调查医疗口译员的经验。
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引用次数: 0
The Federal Response to the Opioid Epidemic 联邦对阿片类药物流行的反应
Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v12i2.9918
Alexus Witherell
The opioid epidemic has been a major public health crisis since the 1990s but was only declared a federal public health emergency in 2017. Since then, the federal government has increased funding to states for programs to address opioid use and overdose deaths. Despite the increased funding in the past five years, opioid-related overdose deaths continue to rise.The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) is the major federal agency responsible for allocating federal funds to opioid use disorder prevention, treatment, and personnel training programs. In 2021, SAMHSA allocated funding for opioid use disorder through eleven grant programs with a total of 330 grant awards, amounting to over $150 million. My analysis of 2021 SAMHSA grants aims to identify how funds for opioid use disorder are allocated, examine the relationship between opioid-related overdose deaths and the amount of funding allocated to states, and suggest potential gaps in funding.Ultimately, my research has found that treatment-focused programs were prioritized over prevention and education or training programs by SAMHSA funding. In 2021, treatment programs accounted for 223 of the 330 individual SAMHSA grant awards for opioid use disorder and 100% of grant awards received by nonprofit organizations. Medication-Assisted Treatment is the most commonly funded program among these grant awards.Additionally, states with a higher number of opioid-related overdose deaths are more likely to receive higher funding from SAMHSA grants (p<.001). Conversely, states with higher overdose death crude rates per 100,000 people did not receive adequate funding relative to the size of the population, creating gaps in accessibility to care. Additional gaps in opioid use disorder programs exist due to the downstream focus of funded interventions, neglecting upstream interventions.The data in my research are limited and therefore cannot draw broader conclusions as to how funding influences overdose deaths over time.           
自上世纪90年代以来,阿片类药物的流行一直是一场重大的公共卫生危机,但直到2017年才被宣布为联邦突发公共卫生事件。从那时起,联邦政府增加了对各州的资金,用于解决阿片类药物使用和过量死亡问题。尽管过去五年资金有所增加,但与阿片类药物有关的过量死亡人数继续上升。药物滥用和精神健康管理局(SAMHSA)是负责为阿片类药物使用障碍预防、治疗和人员培训项目分配联邦资金的主要联邦机构。2021年,SAMHSA通过11个赠款项目为阿片类药物使用障碍划拨资金,共有330个赠款,总额超过1.5亿美元。我对2021年SAMHSA拨款的分析旨在确定如何分配用于阿片类药物使用障碍的资金,研究阿片类药物相关的过量死亡与分配给各州的资金数量之间的关系,并提出资金方面的潜在缺口。最终,我的研究发现,在SAMHSA的资助下,以治疗为重点的项目优先于预防、教育或培训项目。2021年,治疗项目占330个SAMHSA阿片类药物使用障碍补助金中的223个,占非营利组织获得的补助金的100%。药物辅助治疗是这些资助奖项中最常见的资助项目。此外,阿片类药物过量死亡人数较多的州更有可能从SAMHSA拨款中获得更多的资金(p< 0.001)。相反,与人口规模相比,每10万人中过量死亡率较高的州没有获得足够的资金,从而在获得护理方面造成了差距。由于资助干预措施的下游重点,忽视了上游干预措施,阿片类药物使用障碍规划存在更多空白。我的研究数据有限,因此无法得出更广泛的结论,即资金如何随着时间的推移影响过量死亡。
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引用次数: 0
Corruption & Healthcare in Africa: A Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Paying of Bribe on Access to Medical Care and the Quality of Healthcare in Africa 非洲的腐败与医疗保健:行贿对非洲获得医疗保健和医疗保健质量影响的比较评估
Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v12i2.9889
M. Dzordzormenyoh
The primary purpose of the present study is to examine the predictors of access to medical care and the quality of healthcare in Africa. Specifically, assessing the effect of corruption – paying bribes and other factors on access to medical care and the quality of healthcare on the continent. Responses from 45,823 respondents from 34 countries across the continent were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. The results reveal that corruption influences both access to medical care and the quality of healthcare on the continent. Additionally, several sociodemographic variables such as religion, age, region, rural-urban residency, gender, and others influence access to medical care and the quality of healthcare in Africa. Theoretically, the present study fills a void and augments the existing literature. Policy-wise, the results serve as a guide to formulating and implementing realistic measures to address healthcare corruption and its negative impact on access to medical care and the quality of healthcare on the continent.
本研究的主要目的是研究非洲获得医疗保健和医疗保健质量的预测因素。具体而言,评估腐败——行贿和其他因素对非洲大陆获得医疗保健和医疗保健质量的影响。使用普通最小二乘回归分析了来自非洲大陆34个国家的45823名受访者的回答。结果显示,腐败影响了非洲大陆医疗保健的获取和医疗保健的质量。此外,一些社会人口变量,如宗教、年龄、地区、城乡居住、性别和其他因素影响着非洲获得医疗保健的机会和医疗保健的质量。在理论上,本研究填补了现有文献的空白和补充。在政策方面,这些结果可作为制定和实施现实措施的指南,以解决非洲大陆医疗保健腐败问题及其对获得医疗保健和医疗保健质量的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Influencing Family Planning in the Buyende District of Uganda 影响乌干达布彦德地区计划生育的因素
Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v12i2.9493
S. Johnson, Timothy Johnson, Emma Lawrence, Ibrahim Ssekalo
Introduction The goal of this study was to identify use of family planning (FP) in the Buyende district of Uganda, and what factors influence its use or lack of use. Methods Study participants included 60 women from 18 to 49 years old who lived in the Buyende District of Uganda. This was a mixed-methods study. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared analysis were performed on the survey data to identify factors associated with modern FP use. Qualitative analysis, consisting of an iterative coding process, was used to identify themes that arose in focus groups regarding barriers to FP use. Results Most participants were 20-24 years old (26.7%), married (86.7%), had a primary education (86.7%), and had a mean parity of 5.23 (range 0 to 14). One third of survey participants were currently using a form of modern contraception, and women who spoke to a healthcare provider in the last 12 months about FP were significantly more likely to be using a form of modern contraception (46.2% vs 10.5%, p=0.016). The most common barriers to FP use were side effects (71%), fear of husband disapproval (19.4%), and lack of access (16.1%). Qualitative analysis of focus groups demonstrated 9 major themes that emerged as barriers to FP: misinformation/misconceptions about FP; concerns about side effects; negative community perceptions of FP; lack of education; male opposition to FP; use of traditional methods; distance to health facilities; financial concerns; FP going against religious beliefs. Discussion It is important to continue to address not only the material access to FP and lack of education, but also the gender inequalities that are foundational to the lack of usage where desired.
本研究的目的是确定计划生育(FP)在乌干达的Buyende地区的使用,以及什么因素影响其使用或缺乏使用。研究对象包括60名18至49岁的妇女,她们居住在乌干达的布彦德区。这是一项混合方法研究。对调查数据进行描述性统计和卡方分析,以确定与现代FP使用相关的因素。由迭代编码过程组成的定性分析用于确定焦点小组中出现的关于FP使用障碍的主题。结果大多数参与者年龄在20-24岁(26.7%),已婚(86.7%),受过初等教育(86.7%),平均胎次为5.23(范围从0到14)。三分之一的调查参与者目前正在使用某种形式的现代避孕措施,在过去12个月内与医疗保健提供者谈论计划生育的妇女更有可能使用某种形式的现代避孕措施(46.2%对10.5%,p=0.016)。使用计划生育最常见的障碍是副作用(71%)、担心丈夫不赞成(19.4%)和无法获得(16.1%)。焦点小组的定性分析显示了9个主要主题成为计划生育的障碍:关于计划生育的错误信息/误解;对副作用的担忧;社区对计划生育的负面看法;缺乏教育;男性反对计划生育;使用传统方法;到卫生设施的距离;金融问题;FP违背宗教信仰。重要的是,不仅要继续解决计划生育的物质获取和缺乏教育问题,还要解决性别不平等问题,因为性别不平等是缺乏使用计划生育的根本原因。
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引用次数: 0
Letter from the Editor 编辑来信
Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v12i2.10676
Scarlet Au, Kairaluchi Oraedu
Dear Reader, Throughout the past year, the Journal of Global Health remains committed towards serving as an active platform for discussions in public and global health in the post-pandemic world. At the core of the journal’s mission, we aim to encourage the dissemination of research that explores a variety of global health challenges and inequities as well as the multifaceted approaches that can be taken to address them. We are grateful for the opportunity to work with writers, students, researchers and community members at our Columbia campus and beyond. We are excited to share our newest Fall 2022 issue with you. Beyond our biannual publication featuring research manuscripts, we are excited to share the new content published on our “What is Global Health?” podcast and blog produced by the Online Board, which includes interviews with Columbia public health faculty and op-ed reflections on current health issues. In light of the pandemic, science communication has become the spotlight of discussion over recent years. Our podcast and blog seeks to make public and global health research and associated discussions accessible to a broader audience. The “What is Global Health?” podcast can be accessed online at whatisglobalhealth.podcasts.library.columbia.edu or on multiple streaming platforms including Spotify, iTunes and Stitcher. The blog can be accessed on our journal’s website. Both our podcast and blog are hosted through our partnership with Columbia University Libraries. This Fall 2022 issue explores a broad range of global health topics from the U.S. to Africa. This issue delves into examining the 2021 SAMHSA Grant Allocation as a Federal Response to the Opioid Epidemic, corruption and healthcare in Africa and factors influencing family planning in the Buyende District of Uganda. We thank our authors and peer reviewers for their submissions and contributions without which our journal could not exist. We would like to express our gratitude towards our 55-person journal team, composed of our Managing Board, Editorial Board, Production & Design Board, Online Board, and Business & Communications Board. We also wish to thank our peer reviewers who volunteered their time to provide the authors with insightful feedback on their manuscripts. Thank you to our collaborators at the Columbia University Libraries and the Faculty Advisory Board composed of Scholarly Communication Technologies Librarian Esther Jackson and faculty advisor Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health Professor James Colgrove. Sincerely,Scarlet Au & Kairaluchi OraeduCo-Editors-in-Chief, The Columbia University Journal of Global Health
亲爱的读者:在过去的一年里,《全球卫生杂志》仍然致力于成为大流行后世界公共卫生和全球卫生讨论的积极平台。本刊的核心使命是鼓励传播探索各种全球卫生挑战和不平等现象以及可采取的解决这些问题的多方面方法的研究。我们很感激有机会与哥伦比亚大学校园内外的作家、学生、研究人员和社区成员一起工作。我们很高兴与您分享2022年秋季的最新一期。除了我们以研究手稿为特色的半年度出版物外,我们很高兴与大家分享我们“什么是全球卫生?”的播客和博客,其中包括对哥伦比亚大学公共卫生教师的采访,以及对当前健康问题的评论。鉴于大流行,近年来科学传播已成为讨论的焦点。我们的播客和博客旨在为更广泛的受众提供公共和全球卫生研究以及相关讨论。“什么是全球健康?”播客可以在whatisglobalhealth.podcasts.library.columbia.edu网站上访问,也可以在Spotify、iTunes和Stitcher等多个流媒体平台上访问。这个博客可以在我们杂志的网站上访问。我们的播客和博客都是通过我们与哥伦比亚大学图书馆的合作来托管的。这期2022年秋季刊探讨了从美国到非洲的广泛全球健康主题。本期专题探讨了2021年SAMHSA赠款拨款作为联邦对非洲阿片类药物流行、腐败和医疗保健的应对措施,以及影响乌干达布彦德地区计划生育的因素。我们感谢我们的作者和同行审稿人的投稿和贡献,没有他们,我们的期刊就无法存在。我们要感谢我们55人的期刊团队,由我们的管理委员会、编辑委员会、制作与设计委员会、在线委员会和商业与传播委员会组成。我们还要感谢我们的同行审稿人,他们自愿花时间为作者的手稿提供了有见地的反馈。感谢我们在哥伦比亚大学图书馆的合作者以及由学术交流技术图书管理员Esther Jackson和哥伦比亚大学Mailman公共卫生学院教授James Colgrove组成的教师顾问委员会。诚挚的,哥伦比亚大学全球健康杂志主编斯嘉丽·奥和凯拉鲁奇·奥拉杜
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a Breast Cancer Screening Program in Nigeria using the Evaluability Assessment Model 利用可评估性评估模型对尼日利亚乳腺癌筛查项目进行评估
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v12i1.8888
B. Elewonibi, Allyson Farris, R. Moise, F. Olaleye, R. Belue
There exists a paucity of policies and programs that support breast cancer screening in Nigeria. There is a clear need for effective programs that are cognizant of the local realities in Nigeria. The evaluability assessment model can be used as a cost effective and quick alternative to traditional evaluations to improve program practices and management and develop performance measures. This study uses an evaluability assessment to determine if a breast cancer screening program in Lagos, Nigeria was achieving its objectives and to adjust their activities to improve outcomes and processes to optimally serve its community. The evaluability assessment revealed the programs objectives are plausible given its resources and context. Program recommendations focused on improving staff management, developing benchmarks to measure outputs and outcomes, and examining more effective methods of disseminating program information to target population. This study is used as an example of how the six-step evaluability assessment model can be adapted to a multitude of programs to appraise program practices or performance measures.
尼日利亚缺乏支持乳腺癌筛查的政策和项目。在尼日利亚,显然需要有效的方案,认识到当地的现实情况。可评估性评估模型可以用作传统评估的成本效益和快速替代,以改进规划实践和管理,并开发性能度量。本研究使用可评估性评估来确定尼日利亚拉各斯的乳腺癌筛查项目是否实现了其目标,并调整其活动以改善结果和过程,以最佳地为其社区服务。可评估性评估表明,考虑到项目的资源和背景,项目目标是合理的。方案建议的重点是改善工作人员管理,制定衡量产出和成果的基准,以及审查向目标人群传播方案信息的更有效方法。这项研究被用作一个例子,说明六步可评估性评估模型如何适用于众多项目,以评估项目实践或绩效指标。
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引用次数: 0
Health care utilization by ethnic minority populations: a narrative review and secondary data analysis 少数民族人口的卫生保健利用:叙述回顾和二手数据分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v12i1.9319
Olsen N. Hanner
ABSTRACT  Background: Ethnic minority populations have lower rates of healthcare utilization than ethnic majority populations.   Purpose: This narrative review and secondary data analysis examines the factors inhibiting healthcare utilization in ethnic minority populations around the world and the associations between healthcare utilization factors and ethnic minority status in Western Guinea.   Method: A narrative review was conducted using 18 studies which examined health care utilization by ethnic minority populations in Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, China, Australia, Peru, Guatemala, Mexico, and Uganda. Secondary data analysis was conducted using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data collected in Indonesia in 2017, with the use of migration status as a proxy for ethnic minority status in Western Guinea.   Results: There are four prominent factors which impacted healthcare utilization in the reviewed populations: financial access to health services, physical access to health services, the behavior and cultural competency of health service providers, and the quality of care provided. These trends are apparent in Western Guinea as well – there was a significant association (p = 0.00) between problems getting money for treatment and ethnic minority status and minority populations were more likely to seek less skilled care than majority populations.   Conclusion: Barriers to healthcare utilization operate systemically and reproductively to force ethnic minority populations into a state of lower socioeconomic status and health outcomes. The incorporation of anti-racist foundations in health service provision is necessary to ensure the right to health for ethnic minority populations and for the successful fulfillment of the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
摘要背景:少数民族人群的医疗保健使用率低于多数民族人群。目的:本综述和二手数据分析探讨了世界各地少数民族人口中抑制医疗保健利用的因素,以及医疗保健利用因素与西几内亚少数民族状况之间的关系。方法:对孟加拉国、印度、越南、中国、澳大利亚、秘鲁、危地马拉、墨西哥和乌干达等国少数民族人群的医疗保健利用情况进行了18项研究。使用2017年在印度尼西亚收集的人口与健康调查(DHS)数据进行二级数据分析,并使用移民身份作为西几内亚少数民族身份的代理。结果:影响被调查人群医疗保健利用的主要因素有四个:获得卫生服务的经济途径、获得卫生服务的物质途径、卫生服务提供者的行为和文化能力以及所提供的卫生服务质量。这些趋势在西几内亚也很明显——在获得治疗资金的问题与少数民族身份之间存在显著关联(p = 0.00),少数民族人口比多数人口更有可能寻求技术水平较低的护理。结论:医疗保健利用的障碍是系统性和生殖性的,迫使少数民族人口处于较低的社会经济地位和健康状况。为确保少数民族人口的健康权和成功实现第三项可持续发展目标,必须将反种族主义基础纳入保健服务的提供。
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引用次数: 1
The Eradication of Guinea Worm Disease: A Push for Community Engagement 根除麦地那龙线虫病:推动社区参与
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.52214/cujgh.v12i1.9159
Radhika Sharma, Mariel Priven, K. Kosinski
Guinea Worm Disease (GWD) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis; it has been targeted for eradication since 1980. With only 14 human cases in 2021, GWD may be the first human parasitic disease to be eradicated, even without a vaccine. Current efforts to eradicate GWD face multiple challenges, the largest of which is the lack of access to safe drinking water. Other challenges include the discovery of animal hosts for D. medinensis and the seasonality of transmission. Interventions to address GWD have included water filtration systems, clean water initiatives, and health education programs, among others. Here, we argue that although enormous progress has been made, many studies fail to include a substantive discussion about community engagement. Past GWD eradication efforts have focused heavily on a vertical approach to health, which does not fully encapsulate the needs of affected communities. After reviewing literature on GWD control between 1985 and 2021, we conclude that a final push towards eradication should involve active community engagement. 
麦地那龙线虫病是由麦地那龙线虫引起的一种被忽视的热带疾病;自1980年以来,它一直是根除的目标。2021年只有14例人间病例,即使没有疫苗,GWD也可能是第一个被根除的人类寄生虫病。目前根除GWD的努力面临多重挑战,其中最大的挑战是缺乏安全饮用水。其他挑战包括发现麦地那氏杆菌的动物宿主和传播的季节性。解决全球缺水问题的干预措施包括水过滤系统、清洁水倡议和健康教育项目等。在这里,我们认为,尽管已经取得了巨大的进步,但许多研究未能包括关于社区参与的实质性讨论。过去消除全球疟疾的努力主要侧重于纵向的卫生方法,这种方法没有完全涵盖受影响社区的需求。在回顾了1985年至2021年期间关于GWD控制的文献后,我们得出结论,最终推动根除应该包括积极的社区参与。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Columbia University Journal of Global Health
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