Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.52214/THECUJGH.V10I2.6966
Isabella Nyang'au, C. Asweto, P. Ouma, J. Ouma
Background: Kenya has a maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 362 women per 100,000, partly attributed to inadequate or lack of birth and emergency preparedness, including the individual birth plan. Moreover, a paucity of data on determinants of individual birth plan use hampers its promotion and utility against MMR. This study assessed the determinants of individual birth plan use among women attending the postnatal clinic at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: Hospital-based survey was conducted among 354 expectant women between November 2018 and February 2019. Data were collected using questionnaires and a Focus Group Discussion guide. A Logistic regression model was also used to determine factors associated with IBP utilization, where only p-value's <0.05 were considered significant. Textual data were analyzed thematically using NVIVO. Results: Most mothers (68.6%) had an individual birth plan. Determinants for having birth plans included client factors such as education, OR 8.93, p<0.001, occupation, OR=2.40, p=0.020, and parity, AOR=3.29, p=<0.034; knowledge of danger signs, AOR 8.1, p=0.001. Health facility factors included birth plan counseling, OR=3.45, p=0.013, emergency preparedness, OR=2.06, p=0.034, access to motorized transport such as a car, OR=3.8, p=0.035 or motorcycle, OR=2.7, p=0.006 and attending a clinic in a referral hospital, OR=5.8, p=0.003 Conclusion: This study has demonstrated most women utilize individual birth plans. However, they were ill-prepared for an emergency. Determinants of IBP use included client factors such as education level, employment status, parity, knowledge of danger signs, maternal attitude; and facility factors including counseling, attending a clinic in a referral hospital, the use of an automobile to reach the hospital, and hostility by the health care providers. Therefore, we recommend that prenatal counseling should emphasize emergency preparedness among pregnant women. There is a need to empower women through education and employment to enhance IBP utilization.
{"title":"Utilization of Individual Birth Plan Among Women Attending Postnatal Clinic at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu Kenya","authors":"Isabella Nyang'au, C. Asweto, P. Ouma, J. Ouma","doi":"10.52214/THECUJGH.V10I2.6966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/THECUJGH.V10I2.6966","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kenya has a maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 362 women per 100,000, partly attributed to inadequate or lack of birth and emergency preparedness, including the individual birth plan. Moreover, a paucity of data on determinants of individual birth plan use hampers its promotion and utility against MMR. This study assessed the determinants of individual birth plan use among women attending the postnatal clinic at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya.\u0000Methods: Hospital-based survey was conducted among 354 expectant women between November 2018 and February 2019. Data were collected using questionnaires and a Focus Group Discussion guide. A Logistic regression model was also used to determine factors associated with IBP utilization, where only p-value's <0.05 were considered significant. Textual data were analyzed thematically using NVIVO.\u0000Results: Most mothers (68.6%) had an individual birth plan. Determinants for having birth plans included client factors such as education, OR 8.93, p<0.001, occupation, OR=2.40, p=0.020, and parity, AOR=3.29, p=<0.034; knowledge of danger signs, AOR 8.1, p=0.001. Health facility factors included birth plan counseling, OR=3.45, p=0.013, emergency preparedness, OR=2.06, p=0.034, access to motorized transport such as a car, OR=3.8, p=0.035 or motorcycle, OR=2.7, p=0.006 and attending a clinic in a referral hospital, OR=5.8, p=0.003\u0000Conclusion: This study has demonstrated most women utilize individual birth plans. However, they were ill-prepared for an emergency. Determinants of IBP use included client factors such as education level, employment status, parity, knowledge of danger signs, maternal attitude; and facility factors including counseling, attending a clinic in a referral hospital, the use of an automobile to reach the hospital, and hostility by the health care providers. Therefore, we recommend that prenatal counseling should emphasize emergency preparedness among pregnant women. There is a need to empower women through education and employment to enhance IBP utilization.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129500749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-22DOI: 10.52214/THECUJGH.V9I2.7282
V. Khetpal
Due to increased funding opportunities, faculty recruitment, and growing interest among medical students, global health has evolved into a mainstay in American medical education. However, medical schools continue to engage with global health through fundamentally different definitions of the term itself.1,2,3 These interpretations range widely, from emphasis on neglected tropical diseases, to health systems strengthening. This essay offers a more concise and inclusive definition of global health for academic inquiry undertaken by medical schools in this field - to interpret the word global as global in scope, rather than global in geography alone. Clarifying the definition of global health in this manner offers three distinct advantages. First, it would better align American medical schools’ global health interests to the Sustainable Development Goals passed in 2015 by the United Nations, and other consensus documents shaping the current global health agenda.4 Second, this definition would encourage researchers from non-traditional disciplines in academic medicine to collaborate with medical schools on global health projects. Finally, it would facilitate smoother translation of global health practices between developed and developing countries. Reforming the definition of global health in this nature would ultimately preserve the problem-solving ethos of this field, while streamlining its commendable efforts to improve society.
由于资金机会的增加、教师招聘以及医学生兴趣的增长，全球健康已经发展成为美国医学教育的支柱。然而，医学院继续通过对术语本身的根本不同的定义来参与全球健康。这些解释范围很广，从强调被忽视的热带病到加强卫生系统。这篇文章为医学院校在这一领域的学术研究提供了一个更简洁、更包容的全球健康定义——将全球一词解释为全球范围，而不仅仅是地理上的全球。以这种方式澄清全球卫生的定义有三个明显的好处。首先，它将更好地使美国医学院的全球健康利益与联合国2015年通过的可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals)以及其他塑造当前全球卫生议程的共识文件保持一致第二，这一定义将鼓励学术医学中非传统学科的研究人员在全球卫生项目上与医学院合作。最后，它将促进发达国家和发展中国家之间更顺畅地转换全球卫生做法。在这种性质上改革全球卫生的定义将最终保持这一领域解决问题的精神，同时简化其改善社会的值得赞扬的努力。
{"title":"Promoting a More Inclusive Definition of Global Health in U.S. Medical Schools","authors":"V. Khetpal","doi":"10.52214/THECUJGH.V9I2.7282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/THECUJGH.V9I2.7282","url":null,"abstract":"Due to increased funding opportunities, faculty recruitment, and growing interest among medical students, global health has evolved into a mainstay in American medical education. However, medical schools continue to engage with global health through fundamentally different definitions of the term itself.1,2,3 These interpretations range widely, from emphasis on neglected tropical diseases, to health systems strengthening. This essay offers a more concise and inclusive definition of global health for academic inquiry undertaken by medical schools in this field - to interpret the word global as global in scope, rather than global in geography alone. Clarifying the definition of global health in this manner offers three distinct advantages. First, it would better align American medical schools’ global health interests to the Sustainable Development Goals passed in 2015 by the United Nations, and other consensus documents shaping the current global health agenda.4 Second, this definition would encourage researchers from non-traditional disciplines in academic medicine to collaborate with medical schools on global health projects. Finally, it would facilitate smoother translation of global health practices between developed and developing countries. Reforming the definition of global health in this nature would ultimately preserve the problem-solving ethos of this field, while streamlining its commendable efforts to improve society.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128279666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.52214/THECUJGH.V9I2.6436
A. Abubakari, A. Jahn, C. Beiersmann
Cultural practices and beliefs are important factors that could influence a woman’s dietary choices during pregnancy. We investigated food beliefs among pregnant women in Northern Ghana. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty women, selected from three districts. We describe food beliefs regarding ‘recommended’ and ‘prohibited’ foods during pregnancy. There was a general agreement among participants about the recommended foods but not on the prohibited foods. For example, for some banana was regarded as prohibited, while for others it was recommended. Hypersensitivity to smell was attributed to nausea, vomiting and spiting and was largely the most important factor that could modify dietary habits of those who experienced it. Pregnancy is a sensitive phase and thus requires critical care and attention. Therefore, individualized counseling during antenatal clinics instead of the ongoing mass education is recommended as this will help address conditions peculiar to individual pregnancies.
{"title":"Food beliefs and practices during pregnancy in Northern Ghana: Implications for nutrition counseling","authors":"A. Abubakari, A. Jahn, C. Beiersmann","doi":"10.52214/THECUJGH.V9I2.6436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/THECUJGH.V9I2.6436","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural practices and beliefs are important factors that could influence a woman’s dietary choices during pregnancy. We investigated food beliefs among pregnant women in Northern Ghana. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty women, selected from three districts. We describe food beliefs regarding ‘recommended’ and ‘prohibited’ foods during pregnancy. There was a general agreement among participants about the recommended foods but not on the prohibited foods. For example, for some banana was regarded as prohibited, while for others it was recommended. Hypersensitivity to smell was attributed to nausea, vomiting and spiting and was largely the most important factor that could modify dietary habits of those who experienced it. Pregnancy is a sensitive phase and thus requires critical care and attention. Therefore, individualized counseling during antenatal clinics instead of the ongoing mass education is recommended as this will help address conditions peculiar to individual pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128859786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-21DOI: 10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7251
D. Hughes
Within the context of the history of quarantine, both worldwide and in the United States, this essay analyzes current quarantine policies related to Ebola with an inquiry into both related bio-ethical concerns and an analysis of the ways in which emerging Ebola pharmaceutical treatments, particularly the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, may shift quarantine policies. By way of background, the historical roots of quarantine are first briefly examined alongside an analysis of why quarantine policies were not instituted in relationship to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Then, current quarantine policies and procedures in both the developed and developing world are delineated, with an analysis of the application of these quarantine policies to Ebola. An overview is provided of how new treatment protocols may change Ebola quarantine alongside related bio-ethical concerns.
{"title":"Ebola and the Evolving Ethics of Quarantine","authors":"D. Hughes","doi":"10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7251","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of the history of quarantine, both worldwide and in the United States, this essay analyzes current quarantine policies related to Ebola with an inquiry into both related bio-ethical concerns and an analysis of the ways in which emerging Ebola pharmaceutical treatments, particularly the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, may shift quarantine policies. By way of background, the historical roots of quarantine are first briefly examined alongside an analysis of why quarantine policies were not instituted in relationship to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Then, current quarantine policies and procedures in both the developed and developing world are delineated, with an analysis of the application of these quarantine policies to Ebola. An overview is provided of how new treatment protocols may change Ebola quarantine alongside related bio-ethical concerns.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121760355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-21DOI: 10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7260
Tsegahun Worku Brhanie
The objective of this study was to estimate undernutrition determinants among under-five children in Ethiopia. Multiple logistic regression was computed to estimate explanatory variables. P-value < 0.05, 95% CI and odds ratio (OR) were considered. The analysis was done using SPSS, version 24. There was an association between distances from the borders and out of the borders with height for age Z score (P-value <0.05), but not associated with weight for height Z score (P value=0.18), and weight for age Z score (P value=0.16). Education of mother (P-value < 0.05), nutrition status of mothers (P-value <0.05), the wealth index of the households (P-value <0.05), employment status of mothers (P-value <0.05), place of residence (P-value < 0.05), age of the child (P-value <0.05), birth intervals (P-value < 0.05) and breastfeeding (P-value <0.05), were determinant factors for the stunting of children. Wealth index, region and place of residence, age of the child, the size of the child at birth, nutrition and employment status of the mothers, a birth interval of the child, and breastfeeding status of the child were the determinant factors.
{"title":"Undernutrition Determinants Among Under Five Children in Ethiopia","authors":"Tsegahun Worku Brhanie","doi":"10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7260","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to estimate undernutrition determinants among under-five children in Ethiopia. Multiple logistic regression was computed to estimate explanatory variables. P-value < 0.05, 95% CI and odds ratio (OR) were considered. The analysis was done using SPSS, version 24. There was an association between distances from the borders and out of the borders with height for age Z score (P-value <0.05), but not associated with weight for height Z score (P value=0.18), and weight for age Z score (P value=0.16). Education of mother (P-value < 0.05), nutrition status of mothers (P-value <0.05), the wealth index of the households (P-value <0.05), employment status of mothers (P-value <0.05), place of residence (P-value < 0.05), age of the child (P-value <0.05), birth intervals (P-value < 0.05) and breastfeeding (P-value <0.05), were determinant factors for the stunting of children. Wealth index, region and place of residence, age of the child, the size of the child at birth, nutrition and employment status of the mothers, a birth interval of the child, and breastfeeding status of the child were the determinant factors.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121644004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-21DOI: 10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7252
Ishani Mathur
Submitted by the author
作者提交
{"title":"How the #MeToo Movement Can Help End the HIV Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Ishani Mathur","doi":"10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7252","url":null,"abstract":"Submitted by the author","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121394254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-21DOI: 10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7256
J. Park
Road traffic injury (RTI) is a frequently overlooked issue in the literature of global health. This perspective examines the ways in which wealth inequality exacerbates RTI risk characterization in the specific model of Vietnam. The framework of the Equality-Sustainability Hypothesis, as suggested by Cushing et. al, is used, with a specific focus on three factors: political misrepresentation, discrepancy in consumption intensity, and lack of social cohesion. Policies regarding helmet coverage, healthcare infrastructure, road quality and social psychology are critically analyzed, with sources drawn primarily from epidemiological study designs. Such analyses provide the basis for various policy suggestions towards the end of the perspective that focus specifically on wealth inequality as the primary point of intervention. Overall, this perspective suggests that the Equality-Sustainability Hypothesis holds true in the example of RTIs in Vietnam, which is specifically referred to as a “Vehicle Gap”, and that this hypothesis be made more comprehensive by liberalizing its definition of environment to also include man-made infrastructure.
{"title":"The Vehicle Gap: Wealth Inequality and Road Injury Risk Characterization in Vietnam","authors":"J. Park","doi":"10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7256","url":null,"abstract":"Road traffic injury (RTI) is a frequently overlooked issue in the literature of global health. This perspective examines the ways in which wealth inequality exacerbates RTI risk characterization in the specific model of Vietnam. The framework of the Equality-Sustainability Hypothesis, as suggested by Cushing et. al, is used, with a specific focus on three factors: political misrepresentation, discrepancy in consumption intensity, and lack of social cohesion. Policies regarding helmet coverage, healthcare infrastructure, road quality and social psychology are critically analyzed, with sources drawn primarily from epidemiological study designs. Such analyses provide the basis for various policy suggestions towards the end of the perspective that focus specifically on wealth inequality as the primary point of intervention. Overall, this perspective suggests that the Equality-Sustainability Hypothesis holds true in the example of RTIs in Vietnam, which is specifically referred to as a “Vehicle Gap”, and that this hypothesis be made more comprehensive by liberalizing its definition of environment to also include man-made infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131470629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-21DOI: 10.52214/thecujgh.v8i2.7828
Caroline Gregory, Michael Ogundeji, Aarti Srivastava, Bianca Vanier, Sailly Dave, A. Rampersad
The Affordable Medicine Facility – malaria (AMFm) was a pilot project established to subsidize quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapies (QAACTs) in eight malaria-endemic African regions: Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Madagascar, Tanzania (mainland) and Zanzibar. The objectives of the program were to increase the affordability and availability of artemisimin-based combination therapies (ACT), as well as the market share relative to other less effective antimalarial medicines. Overall, the AMFm program had a greater impact in the private-for-profit sector than the public sector. In general, public services do not work as well as their private counterparts in most countries. Inadequate services in remote areas necessitate prohibitively long journeys to access resources and care. In general, the private sector was able to provide supplies of ACTs, as long as it was profitable. Seven countries showed significant increases in availability in the private sector, six regions had significant decreases in QAACT cost, with declines ranging from $1.28 to $4.82, and all eight regions had increases in market share. Impact in remote regions was substantial, with 60% (Ghana) and 48.5% (Kenya) of facilities in remote areas stocking QAACTs. Negotiations with manufacturers, the involvement of the private sector, and supporting interventions were critical in the success of AMFm. The AMFm pilot project then transitioned into a private sector co-payment mechanism involving only six countries. The AMFm program was not sustainable due to the enormous costs of the program, potentially due to unnecessary and excessive orders of ACTs, with an estimated total of 500 million USD. Fixing this sustainability issue would make a program such as this one more applicable to other malaria-endemic countries, which have limited financial resources.
{"title":"Is Affordability and Accessibility All It Takes?","authors":"Caroline Gregory, Michael Ogundeji, Aarti Srivastava, Bianca Vanier, Sailly Dave, A. Rampersad","doi":"10.52214/thecujgh.v8i2.7828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/thecujgh.v8i2.7828","url":null,"abstract":"The Affordable Medicine Facility – malaria (AMFm) was a pilot project established to subsidize quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapies (QAACTs) in eight malaria-endemic African regions: Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Madagascar, Tanzania (mainland) and Zanzibar. The objectives of the program were to increase the affordability and availability of artemisimin-based combination therapies (ACT), as well as the market share relative to other less effective antimalarial medicines. Overall, the AMFm program had a greater impact in the private-for-profit sector than the public sector. In general, public services do not work as well as their private counterparts in most countries. Inadequate services in remote areas necessitate prohibitively long journeys to access resources and care. In general, the private sector was able to provide supplies of ACTs, as long as it was profitable. Seven countries showed significant increases in availability in the private sector, six regions had significant decreases in QAACT cost, with declines ranging from $1.28 to $4.82, and all eight regions had increases in market share. Impact in remote regions was substantial, with 60% (Ghana) and 48.5% (Kenya) of facilities in remote areas stocking QAACTs. Negotiations with manufacturers, the involvement of the private sector, and supporting interventions were critical in the success of AMFm. The AMFm pilot project then transitioned into a private sector co-payment mechanism involving only six countries. The AMFm program was not sustainable due to the enormous costs of the program, potentially due to unnecessary and excessive orders of ACTs, with an estimated total of 500 million USD. Fixing this sustainability issue would make a program such as this one more applicable to other malaria-endemic countries, which have limited financial resources.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125756855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study seeks to produce culturally-attuned recommendations for disease management in individuals with type 2 diabetes in M’Bour, Senegal. Methods: The PEN-3 Cultural Model (PEN-3) framed this mixed methods study to capture a) the qualitative barriers and enablers to participating in physical activity through narrative interviews; as well as b) the quantitative extent to which participants engaged in physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Content analysis identified emergent themes from interviews and descriptive statistics summarized IPAQ responses. Results: Among 41 individuals formally diagnosed with diabetes, the mean age was 58 (SD=11.8). Results elicited from PEN-3 included several barriers and enablers to physical activity. Barriers included prohibitive costs of gym membership and exercise equipment; limb pain; and feeling ill. Participants reported walking as their main source of exercise, with an average frequency of 4 days per week (SD=2.8). Although patients reported a lack of others with whom to exercise, familial support aided in maintaining exercise behaviors such as walking. Conclusions: Given participants’ need for exercise companions, group-based activities may be useful. Patients with diabetes may also benefit from complimentary home-based exercises that are gentle and pain alleviating.
{"title":"Is Exercise Extra? A Mixed Methods Examination of Cultural Barriers and Enablers of Physical Activity in Management of Type 2 Diabetes in M’Bour, Senegal","authors":"R. Moise, Rhonda Belue, PhD, Bilikisu Elewonibi, PhD, Kemba Noel-London, Fatou Ndao","doi":"10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52214/thecujgh.v9i2.7262","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000This study seeks to produce culturally-attuned recommendations for disease management in individuals with type 2 diabetes in M’Bour, Senegal. \u0000Methods: \u0000The PEN-3 Cultural Model (PEN-3) framed this mixed methods study to capture a) the qualitative barriers and enablers to participating in physical activity through narrative interviews; as well as b) the quantitative extent to which participants engaged in physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Content analysis identified emergent themes from interviews and descriptive statistics summarized IPAQ responses. \u0000Results: \u0000Among 41 individuals formally diagnosed with diabetes, the mean age was 58 (SD=11.8). Results elicited from PEN-3 included several barriers and enablers to physical activity. Barriers included prohibitive costs of gym membership and exercise equipment; limb pain; and feeling ill. Participants reported walking as their main source of exercise, with an average frequency of 4 days per week (SD=2.8). Although patients reported a lack of others with whom to exercise, familial support aided in maintaining exercise behaviors such as walking. \u0000Conclusions: \u0000Given participants’ need for exercise companions, group-based activities may be useful. Patients with diabetes may also benefit from complimentary home-based exercises that are gentle and pain alleviating.","PeriodicalId":128122,"journal":{"name":"The Columbia University Journal of Global Health","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125252174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-17DOI: 10.52214/thecujgh.v9i1.7957
Melese Linger, Gedefaw Diress
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a diagnosis used to describe a wide spectrum of patients who may have only mild elevations in blood pressure or severe hypertension with various organ dysfunctions. Preeclampsia is a form of pregnancy-induced hypertension which is defined as the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive woman. Preeclampsia has been identified as the leading reason for maternal admission to the intensive care unit in the puerperal period. Trends of pregnancy-induced hypertension in low- and middle-income countries were increasing. The WHO recommend calcium supplementation as part of the antenatal care for the prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women, particularly among those population where calcium intake low and at higher risk of developing hypertension. Methods: The data were searched electronically From Pub Med, Google Scholar, Cochrane database reviews and Google. Case-control, retrospective and prospective cohort and clinical trial and papers published in the English language was included. Out of 460 pieces of literature searched electronically, only 23 pieces of literature were used in this study. The other 435 references were not reviewed based on exclusion criteria. In this review 14 case-control studies, 2 cross-sectional studies, 1 longitudinal study, 2 clinical trials, and 4 reviews were included. Results: The age of the study participant’s ranges from 18-41, all study participant’s gestational age was greater than 12 wk. All studies used a diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia based on the following criteria: Blood pressure (BP) more than 140/90 and proteinuria >300 mg/do in 24 hr or 1+ in dipstick urine sample Low levels of calcium have a significant association to preeclampsia as indicated in most studies. Conclusion: Most studies explored that calcium level was low among preeclampsia women. Inconsistencies of recruitment (for example some researcher recruit at 20 weeks of gestational age others in 28 weeks of gestational age) of participant's leads to inconclusive and biased findings in this review. For future researcher should focus on pathophysiology calcium and hypertension. And also it is better the country should give special attention to improve the dietary calcium intake of pregnant women. In the future scientists should better assess calcium level through multiple methods like dietary, clinical and biochemical method and also the impact of calcium on neonatal and maternal should be assessed
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