The change in the surface properties of wheat seeds under the influence of a nonthermal atmospheric-pressure plasma jet is shown. After plasma treatment, the surface of wheat seeds becomes hydrophilic and is characterized by a decrease in the contact angle, an increase in surface energy, and an increase in seed water uptake.
The interaction of hydroquinone with water activated by hot-plasma pulsed radiation has been studied. In the reactions of hydroquinone with products accumulated in water during irradiation (nitrous and peroxynitrous acids), hydroquinone undergoes chain oxidation to benzoquinone. The mechanism of chain oxidation is analyzed. The decomposition of hydroquinone by corona discharge cold plasma (OH• radicals) was studied. Benzoquinone is not produced by the action of corona discharge; hydroquinone immediately decomposes into smaller molecules. The hydroquinone oxidation process considered can be used to create hydrogen elements based on the hydroquinone ↔ benzoquinone couple.
The interaction of 4-fluorostyrene with 4-CN-PhNO2 in the presence of various solvents has been simulated by quantum chemistry methods. The reaction mechanism and activation barriers of its stages are proposed. The software package Gaussian03 was used for calculations. The optimal geometric parameters of the structures under study were obtained by means of the DFT/WB97XD/DGDZVP2 methods, the TD-SCF/DFT/WB97XD/DGDZVP2 and TD-SCF/DFT/PBEPBE/6-311g++(3d2f,3p2d) methods were used to calculate excited singlet and triplet states, and the IEFPCM model was employed to account for the solvent effects. The transition states were calculated by the TS method using the DFT/PBEPBE/6-311g++(3d2f,3p2d) method.
An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018143923320012
The effect of γ-irradiation of the gelling agent Carbomer 141G, which is lightly crosslinked polyacrylic acid, on the rheological properties of gels based on the carbomer has been studied. It has been found that an increase in the dose of γ-irradiation in air has a destructive effect on the polymer, leading to a decrease in rheological parameters, such as viscosity, yield strength, and hysteresis area. Irradiation of the carbomer in air with doses greater than 300 kGy leads to a significant decrease or the complete loss of its gel-forming properties. At the same time, irradiation of the carbomer with the same dose in vacuum causes as small a decline in viscosity as 2% compared to the initial systems. It has been established that the optimal gelling agent for obtaining stable antibacterial gels is the carbomer irradiated with a dose of 30 kGy.
A process for fabricating Zn-doped (up to 10 at %) β-Ga2O3 thin films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition has been studied. High-purity gallium, zinc, and oxygen were used as starting materials, and hydrogen was chosen as the carrier and plasma gas. A low-temperature nonequilibrium RF (40.68 MHz) discharge plasma at a reduced pressure (0.01 torr) was used to initiate chemical reactions of precursors. The plasma-chemical process was monitored using optical emission spectroscopy. Structural properties and morphology of the deposited β-Ga2O3 films were studied by various methods.
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