Pub Date : 2021-10-10DOI: 10.3126/njst.v20i1.39447
P. Yadav
Nations are spending millions of amounts in amassing arms and nuclear weapons on Earth and even in Space. Such a situation is bound to lead humanity to the brink of a catastrophic war on Earth and even in Space. In this context, sensible human beings should oppose all war-mongering activities that could ultimately invite the very extinction of humanity. This paper tries to emphasize the consequences of the misuse of arms and ammunition on Earth and in Space. This paper focuses on spreading the need for co-existence of people worldwide and eschews the thoughts of waging a war that may wipe out the humanity’s face from the Earth.
{"title":"Militarisation and Privatisation of Outer Space: A Grave Threat to Humanity","authors":"P. Yadav","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i1.39447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.39447","url":null,"abstract":"Nations are spending millions of amounts in amassing arms and nuclear weapons on Earth and even in Space. Such a situation is bound to lead humanity to the brink of a catastrophic war on Earth and even in Space. In this context, sensible human beings should oppose all war-mongering activities that could ultimately invite the very extinction of humanity. This paper tries to emphasize the consequences of the misuse of arms and ammunition on Earth and in Space. This paper focuses on spreading the need for co-existence of people worldwide and eschews the thoughts of waging a war that may wipe out the humanity’s face from the Earth.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128392732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29823
U. R. Joshi, R. Maskey, K. R. Kafle
Over 90 cases of Reservoir Induced Seismicity have been recorded around the earth. The magnitude was varying from 3.0 to 6.3 on the Richter scale. A Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS) can increase the frequency of earthquakes in seismically active zones and cause a shock in seismically inactive zones. Nepal is situated in a seismically active zone with six large earthquakes of magnitude equal to or greater than 7.6. It increases the risk of RIS, while several storage-type hydropower projects are being proposed in Nepal. Seismic activities recorded around the Kulekhani-I reservoir could be a reservoir induced seismicity. However, consistent data of seismic events and reservoir levels during all phases of filling or drawing of water level is missing. This paper reviews the researches on seismic activities caused by reservoirs or tectonic movements, and the need for the study on the mechanism of RIS for the Nepalese context is identified.
{"title":"A Review on the Mechanism of Reservoir-Induced Seismicity for Nepalese Context","authors":"U. R. Joshi, R. Maskey, K. R. Kafle","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29823","url":null,"abstract":"Over 90 cases of Reservoir Induced Seismicity have been recorded around the earth. The magnitude was varying from 3.0 to 6.3 on the Richter scale. A Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS) can increase the frequency of earthquakes in seismically active zones and cause a shock in seismically inactive zones. Nepal is situated in a seismically active zone with six large earthquakes of magnitude equal to or greater than 7.6. It increases the risk of RIS, while several storage-type hydropower projects are being proposed in Nepal. Seismic activities recorded around the Kulekhani-I reservoir could be a reservoir induced seismicity. However, consistent data of seismic events and reservoir levels during all phases of filling or drawing of water level is missing. This paper reviews the researches on seismic activities caused by reservoirs or tectonic movements, and the need for the study on the mechanism of RIS for the Nepalese context is identified.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123586047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29821
Anju Maharjan, H. Parajuli
The research work was aimed evaluatingthe newly built stone masonry houses with mud mortar and with the provision of horizontal reinforced concrete (R.C.) bands. Two recently built stone masonry houses of different geometry were selected, modeled, and analyzed to investigate the seismic performance of stone masonry houses constructed with horizontal bands. Linear time history analysis was used and performance of the selected buildings was checked with the help of various numerical models. The top roof displacement, maximum drift ratio, base shear, and shell stress were compared between two selected models using three earthquake time histories. The fragility curves were also developed to identify the probability of the failure of the buildings at different peak acceleration values using three earthquake time histories.
{"title":"Seismic Performance Evaluation of Stone Masonry Houses Constructed with Reinforced Concrete Bands","authors":"Anju Maharjan, H. Parajuli","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29821","url":null,"abstract":"The research work was aimed evaluatingthe newly built stone masonry houses with mud mortar and with the provision of horizontal reinforced concrete (R.C.) bands. Two recently built stone masonry houses of different geometry were selected, modeled, and analyzed to investigate the seismic performance of stone masonry houses constructed with horizontal bands. Linear time history analysis was used and performance of the selected buildings was checked with the help of various numerical models. The top roof displacement, maximum drift ratio, base shear, and shell stress were compared between two selected models using three earthquake time histories. The fragility curves were also developed to identify the probability of the failure of the buildings at different peak acceleration values using three earthquake time histories.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129160924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29824
P. K. Neupane, N. Mondal, A. Manglik
Recurring droughts and increased exploitation of groundwater to meet the growing water needs have resulted in the decline of regional groundwater level and drying weathered zone in a part of the Choutuppal Mandal, Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. In this study, a preliminary steady state groundwater flow modelling has been carried out by using Visual MODFLOW Classic Interface (Build 4.6.0.168), well inventory data from the existing 20 observation wells and a base map for the subsurface structure in order to evolve the future pumping schemes. The area spreading about 0.43 km2 is conceptualized as a two-layered model consisting of a weathered layer overlying a fractured aquifer. The model has been digitized into grids of 5m×5m in each layer. The integrated finite difference method has been utilized to discretize the groundwater flow equation and simulate groundwater flow with the help of calculated parameters along with the boundary conditions and acting stresses. Results show that the computed groundwater levels are in good agreement with the observed heads, and groundwater is flowing from the South to the North direction. The estimated velocities vary from 0.01 to 1.95 m/d. The optimum pumping schemes have also been simulated up to the year 2022. It has been observed that the maximum pumping rate should not go beyond 24 m3/day. Since the drinking water demand (10-15 m3/day) in the study site is below this limit, it can be inferred that the aquifer will sustain and provide enough drinking water.
{"title":"Envisaging the Sustainability of an Aquifer by Developing Groundwater Flow Model for a Part of ChoutuppalMandal, Nalgonda District, Telangana, India","authors":"P. K. Neupane, N. Mondal, A. Manglik","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29824","url":null,"abstract":"Recurring droughts and increased exploitation of groundwater to meet the growing water needs have resulted in the decline of regional groundwater level and drying weathered zone in a part of the Choutuppal Mandal, Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. In this study, a preliminary steady state groundwater flow modelling has been carried out by using Visual MODFLOW Classic Interface (Build 4.6.0.168), well inventory data from the existing 20 observation wells and a base map for the subsurface structure in order to evolve the future pumping schemes. The area spreading about 0.43 km2 is conceptualized as a two-layered model consisting of a weathered layer overlying a fractured aquifer. The model has been digitized into grids of 5m×5m in each layer. The integrated finite difference method has been utilized to discretize the groundwater flow equation and simulate groundwater flow with the help of calculated parameters along with the boundary conditions and acting stresses. Results show that the computed groundwater levels are in good agreement with the observed heads, and groundwater is flowing from the South to the North direction. The estimated velocities vary from 0.01 to 1.95 m/d. The optimum pumping schemes have also been simulated up to the year 2022. It has been observed that the maximum pumping rate should not go beyond 24 m3/day. Since the drinking water demand (10-15 m3/day) in the study site is below this limit, it can be inferred that the aquifer will sustain and provide enough drinking water.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131427244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29790
J. Giri, R. Adhikari
Electrical and electronic gadgets (or E-gadgets) have become indispensable components of our daily life these days. As today’s electrical and electronic devices become tomorrow’s waste, the potential hazards of these materials in an open environment are significant, as they can contaminate soil, drinking water, air and thus directly affecting human health and surrounding biota. With time, the random disposal of these wastes may lead to a disastrous situation. Although Nepal is one of the least developed countries, also in terms of electrical and electronic equipment, we are importing the high-tech E-gadgets from the developed nations and using them without a proper vision for their after-use management and their impacts on socio-economic values as well as health and environment. It has become an urgent need of the hour to address E-waste challenges taking into consideration the best suited international policies and practices.
{"title":"Urgency of Proper E-Waste Management Plan in Nepal: An Overview","authors":"J. Giri, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29790","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical and electronic gadgets (or E-gadgets) have become indispensable components of our daily life these days. As today’s electrical and electronic devices become tomorrow’s waste, the potential hazards of these materials in an open environment are significant, as they can contaminate soil, drinking water, air and thus directly affecting human health and surrounding biota. With time, the random disposal of these wastes may lead to a disastrous situation. Although Nepal is one of the least developed countries, also in terms of electrical and electronic equipment, we are importing the high-tech E-gadgets from the developed nations and using them without a proper vision for their after-use management and their impacts on socio-economic values as well as health and environment. It has become an urgent need of the hour to address E-waste challenges taking into consideration the best suited international policies and practices.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122400158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29791
V. Singh, A. Joshi, C. K. Gurung, M. Banjara
Pregnant women and infants are risk populations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Therefore, this study was designed to explore the status of IDD among pregnant women through the analysis of urinary iodine excretion (UIE). A total of 94 pregnant women from Chautara Hospital Sindhupalchowk were included to analyze UIE through Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction. Although the general clinical status of women was satisfactory, the urinary iodine excretion revealed that still, 18.0 percent of pregnant women in Sindhupalchowk had insufficient iodine intake. This indicates that pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorder, and they should be in the priority population for the IDD prevention program.
{"title":"Determination of Urinary Iodine Excretion to Assess Iodine Deficiency Disorder among Pregnant Women in District Hospital of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal","authors":"V. Singh, A. Joshi, C. K. Gurung, M. Banjara","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29791","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnant women and infants are risk populations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Therefore, this study was designed to explore the status of IDD among pregnant women through the analysis of urinary iodine excretion (UIE). A total of 94 pregnant women from Chautara Hospital Sindhupalchowk were included to analyze UIE through Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction. Although the general clinical status of women was satisfactory, the urinary iodine excretion revealed that still, 18.0 percent of pregnant women in Sindhupalchowk had insufficient iodine intake. This indicates that pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorder, and they should be in the priority population for the IDD prevention program.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129831827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29794
V. Singh, M. Chaudhary, M. Banjara, R. Tuladhar
Urinary tract infection is the most common infection in females worldwide. One in three women experiences at least one episode of urinary tract infection during their lifetime. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology and antimicrobial profile of urinary tract infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Thirteen hundred clean catch mid-stream urine samples were tested through standard microbiological techniques. The isolates from urine samples were identified from biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was found at 24.23%. Escherichia Coli was a predominant etiological agent followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The majority of the infection was found between the age group 21-40, with females mostly infected. Most of the microorganisms were isolated from emtergency, obstetrics-gynecology, and nephrology wards. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, whereas the majority of the gram-positive isolates were resistant to penicillin.A large number of isolates were found to be sensitive to Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates causing urinary tract infection is recommended to reduce antimicrobial resistance and for the proper treatment of infection.
{"title":"Monitoring Antimicrobial Susceptibility in bacterial isolates causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu","authors":"V. Singh, M. Chaudhary, M. Banjara, R. Tuladhar","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29794","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection is the most common infection in females worldwide. One in three women experiences at least one episode of urinary tract infection during their lifetime. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology and antimicrobial profile of urinary tract infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Thirteen hundred clean catch mid-stream urine samples were tested through standard microbiological techniques. The isolates from urine samples were identified from biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was found at 24.23%. Escherichia Coli was a predominant etiological agent followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The majority of the infection was found between the age group 21-40, with females mostly infected. Most of the microorganisms were isolated from emtergency, obstetrics-gynecology, and nephrology wards. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, whereas the majority of the gram-positive isolates were resistant to penicillin.A large number of isolates were found to be sensitive to Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates causing urinary tract infection is recommended to reduce antimicrobial resistance and for the proper treatment of infection.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131117349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29797
A. Shrestha, Milan Kandel
Honey, a natural product of bees, has been used as nutritious food as well as medicine in ancient time for treatment of wound and burns. It has a healing property and is also very useful in the treatment of infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study was carried out to compare the antibacterial activity of three different honey obtained from Apis mellifera, A.serena and A.dorsata The study period was from February to June 2010. Fifty-two wound swabs were obtained from private clinics and hospitals. Laboratory work was done in Microbiology laboratory of St. Xavier’s College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Antibacterial activity of honey samples on 38 isolates of S. aureus showed that honey obtained from wild species A. dorsata was the most effective among the honey tested.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Honey on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wounds","authors":"A. Shrestha, Milan Kandel","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29797","url":null,"abstract":"Honey, a natural product of bees, has been used as nutritious food as well as medicine in ancient time for treatment of wound and burns. It has a healing property and is also very useful in the treatment of infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study was carried out to compare the antibacterial activity of three different honey obtained from Apis mellifera, A.serena and A.dorsata The study period was from February to June 2010. Fifty-two wound swabs were obtained from private clinics and hospitals. Laboratory work was done in Microbiology laboratory of St. Xavier’s College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Antibacterial activity of honey samples on 38 isolates of S. aureus showed that honey obtained from wild species A. dorsata was the most effective among the honey tested.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29789
Hari Giri, M. Rajbhandari
Different parts of eleven medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in Puthan district were collected. Three different extracts, methanol, 50% aqueous methanol and 70% aqueous acetone extractswere prepared for each plant material. The methanol extractswere screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as DPPH free radical scavenging activity, were evaluated. All the investigated extracts contain a high amount of phenolics and flavonoids.The highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids were detected in the methanol extract of bark of Bauhinia variegate (355.35+3.69 mg GAE/g and 209.23 ±1.25 mg QE/g extract). Among the eight tested extracts, the highest radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract of bark of B. variegate (IC50 3.68 μg/ml). The extract having the highest phenolic and flavonoid content showed the lowest IC50 demonstrating the positive correlation between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content.
{"title":"Phytochemical Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plants of Puthan District of Nepal","authors":"Hari Giri, M. Rajbhandari","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29789","url":null,"abstract":"Different parts of eleven medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in Puthan district were collected. Three different extracts, methanol, 50% aqueous methanol and 70% aqueous acetone extractswere prepared for each plant material. The methanol extractswere screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as DPPH free radical scavenging activity, were evaluated. All the investigated extracts contain a high amount of phenolics and flavonoids.The highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids were detected in the methanol extract of bark of Bauhinia variegate (355.35+3.69 mg GAE/g and 209.23 ±1.25 mg QE/g extract). Among the eight tested extracts, the highest radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract of bark of B. variegate (IC50 3.68 μg/ml). The extract having the highest phenolic and flavonoid content showed the lowest IC50 demonstrating the positive correlation between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122921746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.3126/njst.v19i1.29786
Madhav Poudel, M. Rajbhandari
The fronds of Ampelopteris prolifera are used in stomach ache as well as vegetable. Dried and powdered fronds of A. prolifera was extracted successively with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol. The results of phytochemical screening revealed that alkaloids were absent in all extracts. Hexane extract showed the absence of all the tested phytochemicals while chloroform extract showed the presence of only terpenoids and quinones. Ethylacetate extract showed the presence of all tested phytochemicals except quinones and saponins. Methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, quinones and saponins. The total content of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and sugars as well as antioxidant activity were determined in ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu, total flavonoid content by using aluminium chloride, total hydrolyzable tannin content by using Folin-Ciocalteu, total condensed tannin content using vanillin-HCl and total sugar content by using anthrone reagent. Gallic acid was used as the standard for the calibration of phenolics, catechin for flavonoids and condensed tannins, tannic acid for hydrolyzable tannins and glucose for carbohydrates. The highest amount of phenolic was detected in 50% methanol extract (114.27±10.37 mg GAE/g). The highest amount of flavonoid was detected in ethylacetate extract (151.47±3.57 mg CE/g extract). The highest amount of hydrolyzable tannin was detected in 50% methanol extract (31.21±2.14 mg TAE/g extract). The highest amount of condensed tannin was detected in ethylacetate extract (337.50±5.00 mg CE/g extract), and the highest amount of sugar was detected in methanol extract (809.74±7.86 mg GE/g). The antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH free radical and IC50 value was determined. All the tested extracts showed only weak antioxidant activity. Among the tested extracts, 50% aqueous methanol extract showed better activity with an IC50 value of 185.03μg/ml. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of methanol extract allowed the tentative identification of peganine, 1-methyltryptophan and rutin. The study thus demonstrates the potential value of A. proliferain the medicinal application.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis of Ampelopteris Prolifera (Retzius) Copeland","authors":"Madhav Poudel, M. Rajbhandari","doi":"10.3126/njst.v19i1.29786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29786","url":null,"abstract":"The fronds of Ampelopteris prolifera are used in stomach ache as well as vegetable. Dried and powdered fronds of A. prolifera was extracted successively with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol. The results of phytochemical screening revealed that alkaloids were absent in all extracts. Hexane extract showed the absence of all the tested phytochemicals while chloroform extract showed the presence of only terpenoids and quinones. Ethylacetate extract showed the presence of all tested phytochemicals except quinones and saponins. Methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, quinones and saponins. The total content of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and sugars as well as antioxidant activity were determined in ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu, total flavonoid content by using aluminium chloride, total hydrolyzable tannin content by using Folin-Ciocalteu, total condensed tannin content using vanillin-HCl and total sugar content by using anthrone reagent. Gallic acid was used as the standard for the calibration of phenolics, catechin for flavonoids and condensed tannins, tannic acid for hydrolyzable tannins and glucose for carbohydrates. The highest amount of phenolic was detected in 50% methanol extract (114.27±10.37 mg GAE/g). The highest amount of flavonoid was detected in ethylacetate extract (151.47±3.57 mg CE/g extract). The highest amount of hydrolyzable tannin was detected in 50% methanol extract (31.21±2.14 mg TAE/g extract). The highest amount of condensed tannin was detected in ethylacetate extract (337.50±5.00 mg CE/g extract), and the highest amount of sugar was detected in methanol extract (809.74±7.86 mg GE/g). The antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH free radical and IC50 value was determined. All the tested extracts showed only weak antioxidant activity. Among the tested extracts, 50% aqueous methanol extract showed better activity with an IC50 value of 185.03μg/ml. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of methanol extract allowed the tentative identification of peganine, 1-methyltryptophan and rutin. The study thus demonstrates the potential value of A. proliferain the medicinal application.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126463318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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