Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation最新文献

Introduction: The purpose of the research was to explore the relationship between pathology and pregnancy outcomes with serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels and vitamin D supplementation.

Methods: A literature search was performed for systematic literature reviews published between January 2018 and February 2023. Forty-two publications were selected for further analysis.

Results: This study demonstrates that elevated maternal serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with a decreased risk of preterm labour and various pregnancy-related health issues, highlighting the protective benefits of adequate vitamin D during pregnancy.

Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy at a dose of 2,000 IU or higher is preventive for pre-eclampsia, insulin resistance, and the development of bronchial asthma in early childhood. Vitamin D screening is indicated for all pregnant women. Dosages of vitamin D preparations should be determined individually, considering laboratory tests and risk factors.

Objectives: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinic radiological disorder characterized by headache, epileptic seizure, encephalopathy, visual impairment, and focal neurological deficits. Gestational hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for PRES, may cause significant morbidity and mortality among pregnant women.

Design: Twenty-four patients with PRES caused by eclampsia who were admitted to our hospital in the last 5 years were included in this study.

Participants/materials, setting, methods: Blood pressure at admission, the number of regions with vasogenic edema in the brain, and recurrent seizures were noted. Patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe.

Results: Using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson χ2 tests, there was no statistical significance between the groups in terms of cranial involvement (p = 0.471). However, binary logistic regression analysis showed that seizure recurrence increased in correlation with blood pressure (p = 0.04).

Limitations: PRES is a rare syndrome associated with several etiologies. In our study, only patients with PRES due to eclampsia were included. Therefore, the number of included patients was limited (24 participants).

Conclusion: PRES may occur in eclamptic patients with mild, moderate, or severe blood pressure values. Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Early and rapid treatment is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality among pregnant women.

Background: The role of hormonal replacement therapy in menopause is under debate. The premature closure of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study in 2002 is still a source of concern among treating physicians.

Objectives: The interest in alternatives to conventional hormone therapy has significantly increased. The adoption of personalized steroid hormone galenic preparations, formulated by compounding pharmacies, has recently spread.

Methods: In June 2023, an extensive literature search was conducted by different authors to identify relevant studies in various databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane). The studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were further analyzed, and relevant data were extracted and analyzed for each paper. Any discrepancies between the investigators were resolved through a consensus approach.

Outcomes: The primary outcomes observed included the clinical utility of CBHT. This study reviewed the current evidence on the utility of compounded bioidentical hormones, concluding that improving knowledge and awareness of bioidentical hormones is necessary to consider their use in clinical practice.

Conclusion and outlook: These formulations might provide effective options to best tailor therapies to each patient.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to collect information on human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) laboratory testing and reporting in women with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), to assess the associated challenges, and to offer perspectives on hCG testing harmonisation.

Design: Information was collected from laboratories by electronic survey (SurveyMonkey) using a questionnaire designed by members of the European Organisation for the Treatment of Trophoblastic Disease (EOTTD) hCG working party.

Participants: The questionnaire was distributed by the EOTTD board to member laboratories and their associated scientists who work within the GTD field.

Setting: The questionnaire was distributed and accessed via an online platform.

Methods: The questionnaire consisted of 5 main sections. These included methods used for hCG testing, quality procedures, reporting of results, laboratory operational aspects, and non-GTD testing capability. In addition to reporting these survey results, examples of case scenarios which illustrate the difficulties faced by laboratories providing hCG measurement for GTD patient management were described. The benefits and challenges of using centralised versus non-centralised hCG testing were discussed alongside the utilisation of regression curves for management of GTD patients.

Results: Information from the survey was collated and presented for each section and showed huge variability in responses across laboratories even for those using the same hCG testing platforms. An educational example was presented, highlighting the consequence of using inappropriate hCG assays on clinical patient management (Educational Example A), along with an example of biotin interference (Educational Example B) and an example of high-dose hook effect (Educational Example C), demonstrating the importance of knowing the limitations of hCG tests. The merits of centralised versus non-centralised hCG testing and use of hCG regression curves to aid patient management were discussed.

Limitations: To ensure the survey was completed by laboratories providing hCG testing for GTD management, the questionnaire was distributed by the EOTTD board. It was assumed the EOTTD board held the correct laboratory contact, and that the questionnaire was completed by a scientist with in-depth knowledge of laboratory procedures.

Conclusions: The hCG survey highlighted a lack of harmonisation of hCG testing across laboratories. Healthcare professionals involved in the management of women with GTD should be aware of this limitation. Further work is needed to ensure an appropriate, quality-assured laboratory service is available for hCG monitoring in women with GTD.

Background: Today, most women with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) can expect to be cured, particularly if they live in middle- to high-income countries with access to GTD centres. In contrast, countries lacking organized GTD care achieve lower survival rates.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to review and consider some of the successes and areas for improvement in GTD care that have been achieved through national and international collaborations.

Methods: The authors searched PubMed and used their own knowledge of working nationally and internationally in GTD to write this review.

Conclusions: The establishment of expert centres and national systems for managing GTD is associated with the best disease outcomes. National and in particular international collaboration is most likely to result in further optimisation of management protocols and outcomes.

Outlook: It remains crucial for countries lacking GTD centres to try to establish such facilities with support from national agencies and international expert societies.

Background: Uterine fibroids are benign monoclonal tumors originating from the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium, constituting the most prevalent pathology within the female genital tract. Uterine sarcomas, although rare, still represent a diagnostic challenge and should be managed in centers with adequate expertise in gynecological oncology.

Objectives: This article is aimed to summarize and discuss cutting-edge elements about the diagnosis and management of uterine fibroids and sarcomas.

Methods: This paper is a report of the lectures presented in an expert meeting about uterine fibroids and sarcomas held in Palermo in February 2023.

Outcome: Overall, the combination of novel molecular pathways may help combine biomarkers and expert ultrasound for the differential diagnosis of uterine fibroids and sarcomas. On the one hand, molecular and cellular maps of uterine fibroids and matched myometrium may enhance our understanding of tumor development compared to histologic analysis and whole tissue transcriptomics, and support the development of minimally invasive treatment strategies; on the other hand, ultrasound imaging allows in most of the cases a proper mapping the fibroids and to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, which need appropriate management.

Conclusions and outlook: The choice of uterine fibroid management, including pharmacological approaches, surgical treatment, or other strategies, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), should be carefully considered, taking into account the characteristics of the patient and reproductive prognosis.

Introduction: The link between cruciferous vegetables (CVs) and ovarian cancer (OC) is still uncertain. This meta-analysis is intended to investigate the association between CV consumption and the risk of OC, as well as to conduct a dose-response analysis to determine the degree of correlation between them.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases between database creation and October 2023. The present meta-analysis has been duly registered and assigned the registration number CRD42023470299. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software.

Results: There were a total of 7 cohort studies and 7 case-control studies with 7,269 cases and 742,952 subjects. The combined relative risk (RR) of the highest intake of CVs was 0.90 (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.84-0.96; I2 = 54.7%; p = 0.007) compared to the lowest intake of CVs. The odds ratio (OR) was 0.97 (95% CIs: 0.86-1.08; p = 0.192) for cohort studies, and the RR was 0.79 (95% CIs: 0.67-0.91; p = 0.167) for case-control studies. The intake of CVs and the risk of OC were linearly correlated. Adding 15 g of CVs to the diet each day decreased the likelihood of developing OC by almost 4% (RR = 0.963, 95% CIs: 0.905-1.025; p = 0.235).

Conclusions: Consumption of CVs may be linked to a lower risk of OC.

Objectives: The objective of this multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association of clinical variables and the incidence of ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA 1-2 mutation carriers who underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO).

Design: Patients with a pathogenic mutation of BRCA 1-2 genes and with no evidence of disease are considered eligible. The exclusion criterion was the refusal to undergo the surgery. The retrospective study included all RRSO performed from May 2015 to April 2022 in the three gynecological Institutions of Southern Italy for were included in this retrospective study.

Participants/materials, setting, methods: Age, menarche age, BMI, menopause at time of RRSO, breast cancer first- and second-degree relatives, ovarian cancer first- and second-degree relatives, estroprogestin use, pregnancy normal full-term delivery, history of endometriosis, previous breast cancer and histologic type, previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 status, preoperative serum CA-125 levels (IU/mL), age at time of RRSO and histological analysis were collected.

Results: 184 were recruited. One was excluded. To assess cancer risk, the outcome variable was classified into three classes: no event, cancer, and other conditions excluding cancer. 14 women presented ovarian cancer and tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) on histopathologic final report. Ovarian cancer was found in 8 patients, whereas the presence of STIC was found in 6 of them.

Limitations: The low incidence of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer or STIC compared with the total number of patients undergoing RRSO is a potential bias.

Conclusions: Our study did not demonstrate a correlation between clinical features and the occurrence of precancerous or cancerous lesions in BRCA mutation carrier patients.

Background: Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT) and Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT) are two of the rarest GTNs that share certain features at diagnosis and management. Atypical Placental Site Nodule (APSN) is a relatively new entity considered as a premalignant lesion.

Objectives and methods: The aim of this review was to summarize the main characteristics of each of these entities, their diagnostic features, and their treatment's standard of care including fertility-sparing treatments.

Outcome: This study provides a thorough review of ETT, PSTT, and APSN.

Conclusions: The reader will gain an insight view of these rare tumors arising from the intermediate trophoblast.