Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2020-12-22DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0181
Dermas Chaen, Igor Trapellieni
{"title":"Re: \"Shortening Work-Rest Durations Reduces Physiological and Perceptual Load During Uphill Walking in Simulated Cold High-Altitude Conditions\" by Fornasiero et al.","authors":"Dermas Chaen, Igor Trapellieni","doi":"10.1089/ham.2020.0181","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2020.0181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25404334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0040
Susi Kriemler, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Dominique Jean
Kriemler, Susi, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E. Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A. Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, and Dominique Jean; for the UIAA MedCom Writing Group on Women's Health in the Mountains. Frostbite and mortality in mountaineering women: a scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission recommendations. High Alt Med Biol. 24:247-258, 2023. Background: The harsh environment of high altitudes (HA) poses many serious health risks for mountaineers, including cold injuries and death. The aim of this work was to review whether female mountaineers are at special risk for frostbite or death at HA compared with their male counterparts. Methods: The UIAA Medical Commission convened an international author team to review women's health issues at HA and to publish updated recommendations. Pertinent literature from PubMed and Cochrane was identified with additional publications found by hand search. The primary search focus was for articles assessing cold injuries and death in women mountaineers at HA. Results: We reviewed the literature and identified 20 relevant studies: 2 studies on frostbite at HA, plus 7 studies and 1 report for death at HA. An additional 10 studies about frostbite at low altitude were included. We found that female mountaineers at HA were at lower risk of death than their male counterparts, but sex differences in frostbite were inconclusive. Conclusions: The frequency of cold injuries and mortality in female mountaineers is not yet well studied, and the studies that have been published tend to lack precise exposure data. More studies and registries with sex-differentiated data are needed.
{"title":"Frostbite and Mortality in Mountaineering Women: A Scoping Review-UIAA Medical Commission Recommendations.","authors":"Susi Kriemler, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Dominique Jean","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0040","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kriemler, Susi, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E. Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A. Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, and Dominique Jean; for the UIAA MedCom Writing Group on Women's Health in the Mountains. Frostbite and mortality in mountaineering women: a scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission recommendations. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:247-258, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> The harsh environment of high altitudes (HA) poses many serious health risks for mountaineers, including cold injuries and death. The aim of this work was to review whether female mountaineers are at special risk for frostbite or death at HA compared with their male counterparts. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The UIAA Medical Commission convened an international author team to review women's health issues at HA and to publish updated recommendations. Pertinent literature from PubMed and Cochrane was identified with additional publications found by hand search. The primary search focus was for articles assessing cold injuries and death in women mountaineers at HA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We reviewed the literature and identified 20 relevant studies: 2 studies on frostbite at HA, plus 7 studies and 1 report for death at HA. An additional 10 studies about frostbite at low altitude were included. We found that female mountaineers at HA were at lower risk of death than their male counterparts, but sex differences in frostbite were inconclusive. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The frequency of cold injuries and mortality in female mountaineers is not yet well studied, and the studies that have been published tend to lack precise exposure data. More studies and registries with sex-differentiated data are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41199354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hai Guo, Linjie Cheng, Dilihumaier Duolikun, Qiaoling Yao
Guo, Hai, Linjie Cheng, Dilihumaier Duolikun, and Qiaoling Yao. Aerobic exercise training under normobaric hypoxic conditions to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. High Alt Med Biol. 24:312-320, 2023. Background: Obesity is a critical public health issue around the world, reaching epidemic proportions in some countries. However, only a few studies have examined the effects of hypoxic training on metabolic parameters in an obese population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training under normobaric hypoxic conditions versus normoxic training in improving glucose and lipid metabolism in obese individuals. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Wan Fang databases (up to August 2021) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of overweight or obese human subjects eligible for inclusion. Main study endpoints were changes in body mass index (BMI), waist/hip (W/H) ratio, leptin, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as blood lipids between hypoxic and normoxic conditioning. Results: Fourteen RCTs with a total of 413 subjects qualified for inclusion. Pooled analyses revealed that BMI (d = 0.38), W/H ratio (d = 0), blood glucose (d = 0.01), and triglyceride (d = -2.27) were not significantly different between aerobic exercise training under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. However, significant differences were found in heart rate at rest (d = -4.50) between aerobic exercise training under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions. Conclusions: In conclusion, no significant benefits were noted in aerobic exercise training under hypoxic conditions over normoxic conditions in overweight or obese individuals. However, the maximum training heart rate mm was significantly higher under hypoxic conditions than under normoxic conditions. Future studies with larger samples controlling for exercise-related parameters, and addressing the potential modifying effects of level of hypoxia, sex, or age on the role of hypoxic exercise training are warranted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020221680.
{"title":"Aerobic Exercise Training Under Normobaric Hypoxic Conditions to Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hai Guo, Linjie Cheng, Dilihumaier Duolikun, Qiaoling Yao","doi":"10.1089/ham.2022.0099","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2022.0099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guo, Hai, Linjie Cheng, Dilihumaier Duolikun, and Qiaoling Yao. Aerobic exercise training under normobaric hypoxic conditions to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 24:312-320, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Obesity is a critical public health issue around the world, reaching epidemic proportions in some countries. However, only a few studies have examined the effects of hypoxic training on metabolic parameters in an obese population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training under normobaric hypoxic conditions versus normoxic training in improving glucose and lipid metabolism in obese individuals. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Wan Fang databases (up to August 2021) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of overweight or obese human subjects eligible for inclusion. Main study endpoints were changes in body mass index (BMI), waist/hip (W/H) ratio, leptin, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as blood lipids between hypoxic and normoxic conditioning. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fourteen RCTs with a total of 413 subjects qualified for inclusion. Pooled analyses revealed that BMI (<i>d</i> = 0.38), W/H ratio (<i>d</i> = 0), blood glucose (<i>d</i> = 0.01), and triglyceride (<i>d</i> = -2.27) were not significantly different between aerobic exercise training under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. However, significant differences were found in heart rate at rest (<i>d</i> = -4.50) between aerobic exercise training under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In conclusion, no significant benefits were noted in aerobic exercise training under hypoxic conditions over normoxic conditions in overweight or obese individuals. However, the maximum training heart rate mm was significantly higher under hypoxic conditions than under normoxic conditions. Future studies with larger samples controlling for exercise-related parameters, and addressing the potential modifying effects of level of hypoxia, sex, or age on the role of hypoxic exercise training are warranted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020221680.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2021-06-17DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0172
Arti Jatwani, Rajkumar Tulsawani
Jatwani, Arti, and Rajkumar Tulsawani. Ganoderma lucidum induces myogenesis markers to avert damage to skeletal muscles in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol. 24:287-295, 2023. Background: Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has been reported to induce skeletal muscle loss and impair myogenesis. Aqueous extract of G. lucidum (AqGL) contains bioactive metabolites attributed to various pharmacological effects. In this study, protective effect of AqGL in ameliorating muscle mass loss following acute HH has been reported. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into following five groups of six rats in each group: unexposed control (Group 1), 6 hours of HH exposure (Group 2), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) (Group 3), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 100 mg/kg BW (Group 4), and 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 200 mg/kg BW (Group 5). Experimental animals from all groups, except Group, 1 were exposed to HH, simulated altitude of 25,000 ft for 6 hours. After exposure period, gastrocnemius muscle was collected, weighed, and morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers were analyzed. Results: HH-exposed rat muscle showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species & malondialdehyde), which was concomitant with decrease in its mass compared to controls. AqGL treatment significantly (p < 0.05) prevented muscle oxidative stress, restored reduced glutathione content, reduced protein carbonyl content and advanced oxidation protein product, and restored muscle mass loss at effective dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Furthermore, AqGL supplementation enhanced Myf5 (p < 0.01), MyoD (p < 0.01), MyoG (p < 0.05), and Mrf4 (nonsignificantly), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and interleukin 6 (p < 0.01) expression along with restoration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.001) and myostatin (p < 0.05) in hypoxia-exposed muscle, evidencing induction of myogenesis markers. Moreover, histological analysis showed increased myocyte number; nuclei shifted toward the periphery in the treatment group supporting muscle regeneration. Conclusion: AqGL supplementation attenuates muscle mass loss by preventing oxidative stress and inducing modulation in myogenesis markers under HH environment.
{"title":"<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Induces Myogenesis Markers to Avert Damage to Skeletal Muscles in Rats Exposed to Hypobaric Hypoxia.","authors":"Arti Jatwani, Rajkumar Tulsawani","doi":"10.1089/ham.2020.0172","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2020.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jatwani, Arti, and Rajkumar Tulsawani. <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> induces myogenesis markers to avert damage to skeletal muscles in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:287-295, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has been reported to induce skeletal muscle loss and impair myogenesis. Aqueous extract of <i>G. lucidum</i> (AqGL) contains bioactive metabolites attributed to various pharmacological effects. In this study, protective effect of AqGL in ameliorating muscle mass loss following acute HH has been reported. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into following five groups of six rats in each group: unexposed control (Group 1), 6 hours of HH exposure (Group 2), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) (Group 3), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 100 mg/kg BW (Group 4), and 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 200 mg/kg BW (Group 5). Experimental animals from all groups, except Group, 1 were exposed to HH, simulated altitude of 25,000 ft for 6 hours. After exposure period, gastrocnemius muscle was collected, weighed, and morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> HH-exposed rat muscle showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species & malondialdehyde), which was concomitant with decrease in its mass compared to controls. AqGL treatment significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) prevented muscle oxidative stress, restored reduced glutathione content, reduced protein carbonyl content and advanced oxidation protein product, and restored muscle mass loss at effective dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Furthermore, AqGL supplementation enhanced Myf5 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), MyoD (<i>p</i> < 0.01), MyoG (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and Mrf4 (nonsignificantly), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and interleukin 6 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) expression along with restoration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and myostatin (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in hypoxia-exposed muscle, evidencing induction of myogenesis markers. Moreover, histological analysis showed increased myocyte number; nuclei shifted toward the periphery in the treatment group supporting muscle regeneration. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AqGL supplementation attenuates muscle mass loss by preventing oxidative stress and inducing modulation in myogenesis markers under HH environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39244480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rathor, Richa, Sukanya Srivastava, and Geetha Suryakumar. A comparative biochemical study between L-carnosine and β-alanine in amelioration of hypobaric hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle protein loss. High Alt Med Biol. 24:302-311, 2023. Background: Carnosine (CAR; β-alanyl-L-histidine), a biologically active dipeptide is known for its unique pH-buffering capacity, metal chelating activity, and antioxidant and antiglycation property. β-Alanine (ALA) is a nonessential amino acid and used to enhance performance and cognitive functions. Hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced muscle protein loss is regulated by multifaceted signaling pathways. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of CAR and ALA against HH-associated muscle loss. Methodology: Simulated HH exposure was performed in an animal decompression chamber. Gastric oral administration of CAR (50 mg·kg-1) and ALA (450 mg·kg-1) were given daily for 3 days and at the end of the treatment, hindlimb skeletal muscle tissue was excised for western blot and biochemical assays. Results: Cosupplementation of CAR and ALA alone was able to ameliorate the hypoxia-induced inflammation, oxidative stress (FOXO), ER stress (GRP-78), and atrophic signaling (MuRF-1) in the skeletal muscles. Creatinine phospho kinase activity and apoptosis were also decreased in CAR- and ALA-supplemented rats. However, CAR showed enhanced protection in HH-induced muscle loss as CAR supplementation was able to enhance protein concentration, body weight, and decreased the protein oxidation and ALA administration was not able to restore the same. Conclusions: Hence, the present comprehensive study supports the fact that CAR (50 mg·kg-1) is more beneficial as compared with ALA (450 mg·kg-1) in ameliorating the hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle loss.
Rathor、Richa、Sukanya Srivastava 和 Geetha Suryakumar。左旋肉碱和β-丙氨酸在改善低压缺氧诱导的骨骼肌蛋白质损失方面的生化比较研究。24:302-311, 2023.背景:卡诺辛(CAR;β-丙氨酰-L-组氨酸)是一种具有生物活性的二肽,因其独特的 pH 缓冲能力、金属螯合活性、抗氧化和抗糖化特性而闻名。β-丙氨酸(ALA)是一种非必需氨基酸,可用于提高机能和认知功能。低压缺氧(HH)诱导的肌肉蛋白质流失受多方面信号通路的调控。本研究探讨了 CAR 和 ALA 对 HH 相关肌肉损失的有益影响。研究方法:在动物减压舱中进行模拟 HH 暴露。每天口服 CAR(50 毫克-千克-1)和 ALA(450 毫克-千克-1),连续 3 天,治疗结束后切除后肢骨骼肌组织进行 Western 印迹和生化检测。结果单独补充 CAR 和 ALA 能够改善缺氧诱导的骨骼肌炎症、氧化应激(FOXO)、ER 应激(GRP-78)和萎缩信号转导(MuRF-1)。补充 CAR 和 ALA 的大鼠肌酸磷酸激酶活性和细胞凋亡也有所降低。然而,CAR对HH诱导的肌肉损失显示出更强的保护作用,因为补充CAR能够提高蛋白质浓度、增加体重并降低蛋白质氧化,而补充ALA则无法恢复相同的效果。结论:因此,本综合研究证实,与 ALA(450 毫克/千克-1)相比,CAR(50 毫克/千克-1)更有利于改善缺氧诱导的骨骼肌损失。
{"title":"A Comparative Biochemical Study Between L-Carnosine and β-Alanine in Amelioration of Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Skeletal Muscle Protein Loss.","authors":"Richa Rathor, Sukanya Srivastava, Geetha Suryakumar","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rathor, Richa, Sukanya Srivastava, and Geetha Suryakumar. A comparative biochemical study between L-carnosine and β-alanine in amelioration of hypobaric hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle protein loss. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:302-311, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Carnosine (CAR; β-alanyl-L-histidine), a biologically active dipeptide is known for its unique pH-buffering capacity, metal chelating activity, and antioxidant and antiglycation property. β-Alanine (ALA) is a nonessential amino acid and used to enhance performance and cognitive functions. Hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced muscle protein loss is regulated by multifaceted signaling pathways. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of CAR and ALA against HH-associated muscle loss. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> Simulated HH exposure was performed in an animal decompression chamber. Gastric oral administration of CAR (50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and ALA (450 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) were given daily for 3 days and at the end of the treatment, hindlimb skeletal muscle tissue was excised for western blot and biochemical assays. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cosupplementation of CAR and ALA alone was able to ameliorate the hypoxia-induced inflammation, oxidative stress (FOXO), ER stress (GRP-78), and atrophic signaling (MuRF-1) in the skeletal muscles. Creatinine phospho kinase activity and apoptosis were also decreased in CAR- and ALA-supplemented rats. However, CAR showed enhanced protection in HH-induced muscle loss as CAR supplementation was able to enhance protein concentration, body weight, and decreased the protein oxidation and ALA administration was not able to restore the same. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Hence, the present comprehensive study supports the fact that CAR (50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) is more beneficial as compared with ALA (450 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) in ameliorating the hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10485858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0043
Mia Derstine, Dominique Jean, Beth A Beidleman, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Peter Paal, Alison J Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, Linda E Keyes
Derstine, Mia, Dominique Jean, Beth A. Beidleman, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Kasté Mateikaité-Pipiriené, Peter Paal, Alison Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, and Linda E. Keyes. Acute mountain sickness and high altitude cerebral edema in women: A scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission recommendations. High Alt Med Biol. 24:259-267, 2023. Background: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) are illnesses associated with rapid ascent to altitudes over 2,500 m in unacclimatized lowlanders. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptomatology, and treatment of AMS and HACE, especially in women. Methods and Results: The UIAA Medical Commission convened an international author team to review women's health issues at high altitude and to publish updated recommendations. Pertinent literature from PubMed and Cochrane was identified by keyword search combinations (including AMS, HACE, and high altitude), with additional publications found by hand search. The primary search focus was for articles assessing lowland women sojourning at high altitude. Results: The literature search yielded 7,165 articles, 37 of which were ultimately included. The majority of publications included did not find women at increased risk for AMS or HACE. There was extremely limited sex-specific data on risk factors or treatment. Conclusions: There is a limited amount of data on female-specific findings regarding AMS and HACE, with most publications addressing only prevalence or incidence with regard to sex. As such, general prevention and treatment strategies for AMS and HACE should be used regardless of sex.
{"title":"Acute Mountain Sickness and High Altitude Cerebral Edema in Women: A Scoping Review-UIAA Medical Commission Recommendations.","authors":"Mia Derstine, Dominique Jean, Beth A Beidleman, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Peter Paal, Alison J Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, Linda E Keyes","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0043","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Derstine, Mia, Dominique Jean, Beth A. Beidleman, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Kasté Mateikaité-Pipiriené, Peter Paal, Alison Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, and Linda E. Keyes. Acute mountain sickness and high altitude cerebral edema in women: A scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission recommendations. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:259-267, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) are illnesses associated with rapid ascent to altitudes over 2,500 m in unacclimatized lowlanders. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptomatology, and treatment of AMS and HACE, especially in women. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> The UIAA Medical Commission convened an international author team to review women's health issues at high altitude and to publish updated recommendations. Pertinent literature from PubMed and Cochrane was identified by keyword search combinations (including AMS, HACE, and high altitude), with additional publications found by hand search. The primary search focus was for articles assessing lowland women sojourning at high altitude. Results: The literature search yielded 7,165 articles, 37 of which were ultimately included. The majority of publications included did not find women at increased risk for AMS or HACE. There was extremely limited sex-specific data on risk factors or treatment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> There is a limited amount of data on female-specific findings regarding AMS and HACE, with most publications addressing only prevalence or incidence with regard to sex. As such, general prevention and treatment strategies for AMS and HACE should be used regardless of sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0051
Meenu Dangi, Arnab Sadhukhan, Poninder Kumar, S Bandopadhyay, Vijay K Sharma, V K Patra, Manu Chaudhary, Vipin Rana
Dangi, Meenu, Arnab Sadhukhan, Poninder Kumar, S. Bandopadhayay, Vijay K. Sharma, V.K. Patra, Manu Chaudhary, and Vipin Rana. Retinal manifestations in high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 24:296-301, 2023. Aim: To study the high altitude (HA)-related retinal manifestations among security personnel and thus to provide new insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This was a multicentric, nonrandomized prospective observational and descriptive study. We studied 54 security personnel over 1 year, who were referred from HA areas of northern India and north-eastern India for ocular problems. Complete coagulation profile was performed among patients with vascular occlusion. Results: There were total of 54 patients with ages ranging from 22 to 55 years. HA retinopathy was noticed in 28 patients: central retinal vein occlusion (6 patients), branch retinal vein occlusion (4 patients), branch retinal artery occlusion (1 patient), central retinal artery occlusion (4 patients), ocular ischemic syndrome (1 patient), central serous chorioretinopathy (7 patients), acetazolamide-induced maculopathy (1 patient), and solar retinopathy (2 patients). Along with an increased hematocrit, serum homocysteine was raised in the majority of vascular occlusions. The mean age was 38.16 years, the mean altitude was 14,716 ft, and the mean duration of stay was 11.2 weeks. Conclusion: Hypobaric hypoxia due to HA is a potential risk for HA retinopathy and associated vascular occlusions. Aside from increased hematocrit, hyperhomocysteinemia is a potential cause of vascular occlusions.
{"title":"Retinal Manifestations in High Altitude.","authors":"Meenu Dangi, Arnab Sadhukhan, Poninder Kumar, S Bandopadhyay, Vijay K Sharma, V K Patra, Manu Chaudhary, Vipin Rana","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0051","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dangi, Meenu, Arnab Sadhukhan, Poninder Kumar, S. Bandopadhayay, Vijay K. Sharma, V.K. Patra, Manu Chaudhary, and Vipin Rana. Retinal manifestations in high altitude. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:296-301, 2023. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To study the high altitude (HA)-related retinal manifestations among security personnel and thus to provide new insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of retinopathy. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> This was a multicentric, nonrandomized prospective observational and descriptive study. We studied 54 security personnel over 1 year, who were referred from HA areas of northern India and north-eastern India for ocular problems. Complete coagulation profile was performed among patients with vascular occlusion. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were total of 54 patients with ages ranging from 22 to 55 years. HA retinopathy was noticed in 28 patients: central retinal vein occlusion (6 patients), branch retinal vein occlusion (4 patients), branch retinal artery occlusion (1 patient), central retinal artery occlusion (4 patients), ocular ischemic syndrome (1 patient), central serous chorioretinopathy (7 patients), acetazolamide-induced maculopathy (1 patient), and solar retinopathy (2 patients). Along with an increased hematocrit, serum homocysteine was raised in the majority of vascular occlusions. The mean age was 38.16 years, the mean altitude was 14,716 ft, and the mean duration of stay was 11.2 weeks. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Hypobaric hypoxia due to HA is a potential risk for HA retinopathy and associated vascular occlusions. Aside from increased hematocrit, hyperhomocysteinemia is a potential cause of vascular occlusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9922487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0009
Holly Barclay, Saptarshi Mukerji, Bengt Kayser, Jui-Lin Fan
Barclay, Holly, Saptarshi Mukerji, Bengt Kayser, and Jui-Lin Fan. Appetite, hypoxia and acute mountain sickness: A 10-hour normobaric hypoxic chamber study. High Alt Med Biol. 24:329-335, 2023. Background: The effects of hypoxia and acute mountain sickness (AMS) on appetite and food preferences are moot, especially during the early phase of hypoxic exposure. We examined the effects of a 10-hour hypoxic exposure on appetite and food preference. Methods: We assessed appetite (hunger, satisfaction, fullness, perceived appetite, and lost appetite), food preferences (sweet, salty, savory, and fatty), and AMS (Lake Louise score) with questionnaires in 27 healthy individuals (13 women) across 10-hour exposures to normobaric normoxia (fraction of inspired O2 [FiO2]: 0.21) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 0.12, equivalent of 5,000 m) in a randomized, single-blinded manner. Results and Conclusions: Compared with normoxia, hypoxia decreased hunger and appetite (p = 0.040 and <0.001, respectively), which was mediated by a decreased desire for sweet, salty, and fatty foods (p < 0.05 for all). AMS was associated with a decreased desire for sweet (R = -0.438, p = 0.032) and salty foods (R = -0.460, p = 0.024) and greater loss of appetite (R = -0.619, p = 0.018). Our findings suggest that acute hypoxia rapidly suppresses appetite and that AMS development further amplifies anorexia. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12618000548235.
{"title":"Appetite, Hypoxia, and Acute Mountain Sickness: A 10-Hour Normobaric Hypoxic Chamber Study.","authors":"Holly Barclay, Saptarshi Mukerji, Bengt Kayser, Jui-Lin Fan","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Barclay, Holly, Saptarshi Mukerji, Bengt Kayser, and Jui-Lin Fan. Appetite, hypoxia and acute mountain sickness: A 10-hour normobaric hypoxic chamber study. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:329-335, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> The effects of hypoxia and acute mountain sickness (AMS) on appetite and food preferences are moot, especially during the early phase of hypoxic exposure. We examined the effects of a 10-hour hypoxic exposure on appetite and food preference. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We assessed appetite (hunger, satisfaction, fullness, perceived appetite, and lost appetite), food preferences (sweet, salty, savory, and fatty), and AMS (Lake Louise score) with questionnaires in 27 healthy individuals (13 women) across 10-hour exposures to normobaric normoxia (fraction of inspired O<sub>2</sub> [FiO<sub>2</sub>]: 0.21) and normobaric hypoxia (F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: 0.12, equivalent of 5,000 m) in a randomized, single-blinded manner. <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> Compared with normoxia, hypoxia decreased hunger and appetite (<i>p</i> = 0.040 and <0.001, respectively), which was mediated by a decreased desire for sweet, salty, and fatty foods (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). AMS was associated with a decreased desire for sweet (<i>R</i> = -0.438, <i>p</i> = 0.032) and salty foods (<i>R</i> = -0.460, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and greater loss of appetite (<i>R</i> = -0.619, <i>p</i> = 0.018). Our findings suggest that acute hypoxia rapidly suppresses appetite and that AMS development further amplifies anorexia. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12618000548235.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10351047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0068
Viktor Lugnet, Miles McDonough, Les Gordon, Mercedes Galindez, Nicolas Mena Reyes, Alison Sheets, Ken Zafren, Peter Paal
Lugnet, Viktor, Miles McDonough, Les Gordon, Mercedes Galindez, Nicolas Mena Reyes, Alison Sheets, Ken Zafren, and Peter Paal. Termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in mountain rescue: a scoping review and ICAR MedCom 2023 recommendations. High Alt Med Biol. 24:274-286, 2023. Background: In 2012, the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom) published recommendations for termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in mountain rescue. New developments have necessitated an update. This is the 2023 update for termination of CPR in mountain rescue. Methods: For this scoping review, we searched the PubMed and Cochrane libraries, updated the recommendations, and obtained consensus approval within the writing group and the ICAR MedCom. Results: We screened a total of 9,102 articles, of which 120 articles met the inclusion criteria. We developed 17 recommendations graded according to the strength of recommendation and level of evidence. Conclusions: Most of the recommendations from 2012 are still valid. We made minor changes regarding the safety of rescuers and responses to primary or traumatic cardiac arrest. The criteria for termination of CPR remain unchanged. The principal changes include updated recommendations for mechanical chest compression, point of care ultrasound (POCUS), extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for hypothermia, the effects of water temperature in drowning, and the use of burial times in avalanche rescue.
{"title":"Termination of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Mountain Rescue: A Scoping Review and ICAR MedCom 2023 Recommendations.","authors":"Viktor Lugnet, Miles McDonough, Les Gordon, Mercedes Galindez, Nicolas Mena Reyes, Alison Sheets, Ken Zafren, Peter Paal","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0068","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lugnet, Viktor, Miles McDonough, Les Gordon, Mercedes Galindez, Nicolas Mena Reyes, Alison Sheets, Ken Zafren, and Peter Paal. Termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in mountain rescue: a scoping review and ICAR MedCom 2023 recommendations. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:274-286, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> In 2012, the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom) published recommendations for termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in mountain rescue. New developments have necessitated an update. This is the 2023 update for termination of CPR in mountain rescue. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> For this scoping review, we searched the PubMed and Cochrane libraries, updated the recommendations, and obtained consensus approval within the writing group and the ICAR MedCom. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We screened a total of 9,102 articles, of which 120 articles met the inclusion criteria. We developed 17 recommendations graded according to the strength of recommendation and level of evidence. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Most of the recommendations from 2012 are still valid. We made minor changes regarding the safety of rescuers and responses to primary or traumatic cardiac arrest. The criteria for termination of CPR remain unchanged. The principal changes include updated recommendations for mechanical chest compression, point of care ultrasound (POCUS), extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for hypothermia, the effects of water temperature in drowning, and the use of burial times in avalanche rescue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41113407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0079
Sanjeeb S Bhandari
{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Sensitivity and Specificity of the Lake Louise Score: What Should We Focus On?","authors":"Sanjeeb S Bhandari","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0079","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10343693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}