Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0085
Vipin Rana, Meenu Dangi, S Bandopadhyay, Vijay K Sharma
{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Central Serous Chorioretinopathy at High Altitude: A Multifactorial Perspective.","authors":"Vipin Rana, Meenu Dangi, S Bandopadhyay, Vijay K Sharma","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0085","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"103-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71423211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0056
Ben He, Jiayue Feng, Yan Shu, Lichun Yang, Zepin He, Kanxiu Liao, Hui Zhuo, Hui Li
He, Ben, Jiayue Feng, Yan Shu, Lichun Yang, Zepin He, Kanxiu Liao, Hui Zhuo, and Hui Li. Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia among young and middle-aged Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes: a cross-sectional study. High Alt Med Biol. 25:42-48, 2024. Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence or risk factors of hyperuricemia among populations living at ultrahigh altitudes. Here we examined the prevalence of hyperuricemia and factors associated with it among young and middle-aged Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 672 Tibetan men 18-60 years old living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (mean altitude 4,014 m) within the county of Litang in the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan Province, China. Demographic and clinical data were collected from self-administered questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Participants whose blood uric acid (UA) contained >420 μmol/l were classified as having hyperuricemia. Results: Of the 672 men analyzed, 332 (49.4%) had hyperuricemia. Multivariate logistic regression showed risk of hyperuricemia to correlate positively with body mass index (per 1 U increase: odds ratio [OR] 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1066-1.243), triglycerides (OR 1.408, 95% CI 1.084-1.828), red blood cell count (OR 1.376, 95% CI 1.009-1.875), and creatinine level (per 1 U increase: OR 1.051, 95% CI 1.033-1.070). Conversely, risk of hyperuricemia correlated negatively with the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 0.412, 95% CI 0.175-0.968). Subgroup analyses showed that prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher among those with polycythemia than among those without it, and that UA levels correlated positively with hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia is an important public health problem among Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes in Ganzi autonomous prefecture. The region urgently requires appropriate prevention and management efforts.
何奔、冯嘉悦、舒艳、杨丽春、何泽平、廖康秀、卓慧、李慧。生活在超高海拔地区的藏族中青年男性高尿酸血症的患病率和风险因素:一项横断面研究。24:000-000, 2024.背景:很少有研究调查生活在超高海拔地区的人群中高尿酸血症的患病率或风险因素。在此,我们研究了生活在超高海拔地区的藏族中青年男性的高尿酸血症患病率及其相关因素。研究方法这项横断面研究分析了居住在中国四川省甘孜藏族自治州理塘县境内青藏高原(平均海拔 4014 米)的 672 名 18-60 岁藏族男性。研究人员通过自填问卷、体格检查和实验室检测收集人口统计学和临床数据。血尿酸(UA)含量大于 420 μmol/l 的参与者被列为高尿酸血症患者。结果:在分析的 672 名男性中,有 332 人(49.4%)患有高尿酸血症。多变量逻辑回归显示,高尿酸血症的风险与体重指数呈正相关(每增加 1 U:几率比 [OR] 1.172,95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.1066-1.243)、甘油三酯(OR 1.408,95% CI 1.084-1.828)、红细胞计数(OR 1.376,95% CI 1.009-1.875)和肌酐水平(每增加 1 U:OR 1.051,95% CI 1.033-1.070)呈正相关。相反,高尿酸血症的风险与是否患有糖尿病呈负相关(OR 0.412,95% CI 0.175-0.968)。亚组分析表明,多血细胞症患者的高尿酸血症发病率明显高于非多血细胞症患者,而且尿酸水平与血细胞比容和血红蛋白水平呈正相关。结论是高尿酸血症是甘孜藏族自治州生活在超高海拔地区藏族男性的一个重要公共卫生问题。该地区迫切需要开展适当的预防和管理工作。
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia Among Young and Middle-Aged Tibetan Men Living at Ultrahigh Altitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ben He, Jiayue Feng, Yan Shu, Lichun Yang, Zepin He, Kanxiu Liao, Hui Zhuo, Hui Li","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0056","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>He, Ben, Jiayue Feng, Yan Shu, Lichun Yang, Zepin He, Kanxiu Liao, Hui Zhuo, and Hui Li. Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia among young and middle-aged Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes: a cross-sectional study. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 25:42-48, 2024. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Few studies have examined the prevalence or risk factors of hyperuricemia among populations living at ultrahigh altitudes. Here we examined the prevalence of hyperuricemia and factors associated with it among young and middle-aged Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study analyzed 672 Tibetan men 18-60 years old living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (mean altitude 4,014 m) within the county of Litang in the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan Province, China. Demographic and clinical data were collected from self-administered questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Participants whose blood uric acid (UA) contained >420 μmol/l were classified as having hyperuricemia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 672 men analyzed, 332 (49.4%) had hyperuricemia. Multivariate logistic regression showed risk of hyperuricemia to correlate positively with body mass index (per 1 U increase: odds ratio [OR] 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1066-1.243), triglycerides (OR 1.408, 95% CI 1.084-1.828), red blood cell count (OR 1.376, 95% CI 1.009-1.875), and creatinine level (per 1 U increase: OR 1.051, 95% CI 1.033-1.070). Conversely, risk of hyperuricemia correlated negatively with the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 0.412, 95% CI 0.175-0.968). Subgroup analyses showed that prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher among those with polycythemia than among those without it, and that UA levels correlated positively with hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Hyperuricemia is an important public health problem among Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes in Ganzi autonomous prefecture. The region urgently requires appropriate prevention and management efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0039
Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Dominique Jean, Peter Paal, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Alison J Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Linda E Keyes
Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Kastė, Dominique Jean, Peter Paal, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Alison J. Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A. Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, and Linda E. Keyes for the UIAA MedCom writing group on Women's Health in the Mountains. Menopause and high altitude: A scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission Recommendations. High Alt Med Biol. 25:1-8, 2024. Background: Older people are an important fraction of mountain travelers and climbers, many of them postmenopausal women. The aim of this work was to review health issues that older and postmenopausal women may experience at high altitude, including susceptibility to high-altitude illness. Methods: We performed a scoping review for the UIAA Medical Commission series on Women's Health in the mountains. We searched PubMed and Cochrane libraries and performed an additional manual search. The primary search focused on articles assessing lowland women sojourning at high altitude. Results: We screened 7,165 potential articles. The search revealed three relevant articles, and the manual search another seven articles and one abstract. Seven assessed menopausal low-altitude residents during a high-altitude sojourn or performing hypoxic tests. Four assessed high-altitude residents. We summarize the results of these 11 studies. Conclusions: Data are limited on the effects of high altitude on postmenopausal women. The effects of short-term, high-altitude exposure on menopause symptoms are unknown. Menopause has minimal effect on the physiological responses to hypoxia in physically fit women and does not increase the risk of acute mountain sickness. Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of urinary tract infections, which may be exacerbated during mountain travel. More research is needed on the physiology and performance of older women at high altitude.
{"title":"Menopause and High Altitude: A Scoping Review-UIAA Medical Commission Recommendations.","authors":"Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Dominique Jean, Peter Paal, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Alison J Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Linda E Keyes","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Kastė, Dominique Jean, Peter Paal, Lenka Horakova, Susi Kriemler, Alison J. Rosier, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A. Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, and Linda E. Keyes for the UIAA MedCom writing group on Women's Health in the Mountains. Menopause and high altitude: A scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission Recommendations. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 25:1-8, 2024. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Older people are an important fraction of mountain travelers and climbers, many of them postmenopausal women. The aim of this work was to review health issues that older and postmenopausal women may experience at high altitude, including susceptibility to high-altitude illness. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a scoping review for the UIAA Medical Commission series on Women's Health in the mountains. We searched PubMed and Cochrane libraries and performed an additional manual search. The primary search focused on articles assessing lowland women sojourning at high altitude. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We screened 7,165 potential articles. The search revealed three relevant articles, and the manual search another seven articles and one abstract. Seven assessed menopausal low-altitude residents during a high-altitude sojourn or performing hypoxic tests. Four assessed high-altitude residents. We summarize the results of these 11 studies. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Data are limited on the effects of high altitude on postmenopausal women. The effects of short-term, high-altitude exposure on menopause symptoms are unknown. Menopause has minimal effect on the physiological responses to hypoxia in physically fit women and does not increase the risk of acute mountain sickness. Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of urinary tract infections, which may be exacerbated during mountain travel. More research is needed on the physiology and performance of older women at high altitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71434223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0136
Bo Liu, Minlan Yuan, Mei Yang, Hongru Zhu, Wei Zhang
Liu, Bo, Minlan Yuan, Mei Yang, Hongru Zhu, and Wei Zhang. The effect of high-altitude hypoxia on neuropsychiatric functions. High Alt Med Biol. 25:26-41, 2024. Background: In recent years, there has been a growing popularity in engaging in activities at high altitudes, such as hiking and work. However, these high-altitude environments pose risks of hypoxia, which can lead to various acute or chronic cerebral diseases. These conditions include common neurological diseases such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema, and altitude-related cerebrovascular diseases, as well as psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. However, reviews of altitude-related neuropsychiatric conditions and their potential mechanisms are rare. Methods: We conducted searches on PubMed and Google Scholar, exploring existing literature encompassing preclinical and clinical studies. Our aim was to summarize the prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases induced by altitude hypoxia, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as the available pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies for prevention and intervention. Results: The development of altitude-related cerebral diseases may arise from various pathogenic processes, including neurovascular alterations associated with hypoxia, cytotoxic responses, activation of reactive oxygen species, and dysregulation of the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Furthermore, the interplay between hypoxia-induced neurological and psychiatric changes is believed to play a role in the progression of brain damage. Conclusions: While there is some evidence pointing to pathophysiological changes in hypoxia-induced brain damage, the precise mechanisms responsible for neuropsychiatric alterations remain elusive. Currently, the range of prevention and intervention strategies available is primarily focused on addressing AMS, with a preference for prevention rather than treatment.
{"title":"The Effect of High-Altitude Hypoxia on Neuropsychiatric Functions.","authors":"Bo Liu, Minlan Yuan, Mei Yang, Hongru Zhu, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1089/ham.2022.0136","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2022.0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liu, Bo, Minlan Yuan, Mei Yang, Hongru Zhu, and Wei Zhang. The effect of high-altitude hypoxia on neuropsychiatric functions. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 25:26-41, 2024. <b><i>Background:</i></b> In recent years, there has been a growing popularity in engaging in activities at high altitudes, such as hiking and work. However, these high-altitude environments pose risks of hypoxia, which can lead to various acute or chronic cerebral diseases. These conditions include common neurological diseases such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema, and altitude-related cerebrovascular diseases, as well as psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. However, reviews of altitude-related neuropsychiatric conditions and their potential mechanisms are rare. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted searches on PubMed and Google Scholar, exploring existing literature encompassing preclinical and clinical studies. Our aim was to summarize the prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases induced by altitude hypoxia, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as the available pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies for prevention and intervention. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The development of altitude-related cerebral diseases may arise from various pathogenic processes, including neurovascular alterations associated with hypoxia, cytotoxic responses, activation of reactive oxygen species, and dysregulation of the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Furthermore, the interplay between hypoxia-induced neurological and psychiatric changes is believed to play a role in the progression of brain damage. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> While there is some evidence pointing to pathophysiological changes in hypoxia-induced brain damage, the precise mechanisms responsible for neuropsychiatric alterations remain elusive. Currently, the range of prevention and intervention strategies available is primarily focused on addressing AMS, with a preference for prevention rather than treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"26-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41182463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0086
Simon Woyke, Anja Hütter, Christopher Rugg, Willi Tröger, Bernd Wallner, Mathias Ströhle, Peter Paal
Woyke, Simon, Anja Hütter, Christopher Rugg, Willi Tröger, Bernd Wallner, Mathias Ströhle, and Peter Paal. Sex differences in mountain bike accidents in Austria from 2006 to 2018: a retrospective analysis. High Alt Med Biol. 25:89-93, 2024. Introduction: Mountain biking is becoming increasingly popular, and mountain bike (MTB) accidents are on the rise. The aim of this study was to assess sex differences in mountain biking accidents in the Austrian Alps. Methods: This retrospective study includes all MTB accidents in Austria from 2006 to 2018. Data were collected by Alpine Police officers and recorded in a national digital registry. Results: The accidents involved 5,095 mountain bikers (81% men and 19% women). The number of MTB accidents rose markedly from 208 in 2006 to 725 in 2018. Men wore a helmet more often than did women (95% vs. 92%; p = 0.001). The most common injury category was "wound/bleeding" for both sexes (men 40% and women 41%). Women were more frequently transported by helicopter or terrestrially (p > 0.001). Conclusion: In the Austrian Alps, the number of MTB accidents more than tripled between 2006 and 2018. Women were involved in only one fifth of all accidents. Sex differences in MTB accidents include (1) women wearing helmets less often, (2) women being less frequently injured, (3) women suffering fewer serious injuries, and (4) women being more frequently transported by helicopter or terrestrially, while men more often did not require transportation.
Woyke, Simon, Anja Hütter, Christopher Rugg, Willi Tröger, Bernd Wallner, Mathias Ströhle, and Peter Paal.2006年至2018年奥地利山地自行车事故的性别差异:回顾性分析。High Alt Med Biol 00:000-000, 2023.导言:山地自行车越来越受欢迎,山地自行车(MTB)事故也呈上升趋势。本研究旨在评估奥地利阿尔卑斯山山地自行车事故的性别差异。研究方法这项回顾性研究包括 2006 年至 2018 年奥地利发生的所有山地自行车事故。数据由阿尔卑斯警官收集,并记录在国家数字登记册中。研究结果事故涉及 5095 名山地车骑行者(81% 为男性,19% 为女性)。山地车事故数量从 2006 年的 208 起明显上升至 2018 年的 725 起。男性比女性更经常佩戴头盔(95% 对 92%;P = 0.001)。男女最常见的受伤类别都是 "伤口/出血"(男性占 40%,女性占 41%)。女性更常被直升机或地面运送(P > 0.001)。结论在奥地利阿尔卑斯山,2006 年至 2018 年间山地车事故数量增加了两倍多。女性仅占所有事故的五分之一。山地车事故中的性别差异包括:(1)女性戴头盔的频率较低;(2)女性受伤的频率较低;(3)女性受重伤的频率较低;(4)女性更多地被直升机或地面运输,而男性更多不需要运输。
{"title":"Sex Differences in Mountain Bike Accidents in Austria from 2006 to 2018: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Simon Woyke, Anja Hütter, Christopher Rugg, Willi Tröger, Bernd Wallner, Mathias Ströhle, Peter Paal","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0086","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Woyke, Simon, Anja Hütter, Christopher Rugg, Willi Tröger, Bernd Wallner, Mathias Ströhle, and Peter Paal. Sex differences in mountain bike accidents in Austria from 2006 to 2018: a retrospective analysis. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 25:89-93, 2024. <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Mountain biking is becoming increasingly popular, and mountain bike (MTB) accidents are on the rise. The aim of this study was to assess sex differences in mountain biking accidents in the Austrian Alps. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective study includes all MTB accidents in Austria from 2006 to 2018. Data were collected by Alpine Police officers and recorded in a national digital registry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The accidents involved 5,095 mountain bikers (81% men and 19% women). The number of MTB accidents rose markedly from 208 in 2006 to 725 in 2018. Men wore a helmet more often than did women (95% vs. 92%; <i>p</i> = 0.001). The most common injury category was \"wound/bleeding\" for both sexes (men 40% and women 41%). Women were more frequently transported by helicopter or terrestrially (<i>p</i> > 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In the Austrian Alps, the number of MTB accidents more than tripled between 2006 and 2018. Women were involved in only one fifth of all accidents. Sex differences in MTB accidents include (1) women wearing helmets less often, (2) women being less frequently injured, (3) women suffering fewer serious injuries, and (4) women being more frequently transported by helicopter or terrestrially, while men more often did not require transportation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138803402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0098
Xinqi Guo, Hongyu Ma, Ziye Cui, Qiyue Zhao, Ying Zhang, Lu Jia, Liping Zhang, Hui Guo, Xiangjian Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yue Guan, Huijie Ma
Guo, Xinqi, Hongyu Ma, Ziye Cui, Qiyue Zhao, Ying Zhang, Lu Jia, Liping Zhang, Hui Guo, Xiangjian Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yue Guan, and Huijie Ma. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia reduces hypothalamic N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor activity and sympathetic outflow in spontaneously hypertensive rats. High Alt Med Biol. 25:77-88, 2024. Objective: This study aims to determine the role of hypothalamic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the antihypertensive effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH). Methods: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received 35 days of hypobaric hypoxia simulating an altitude of 4,000 m, 5 h/day. The levels of RAS, blood pressure, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activities of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) presympathetic neurons from each group of rats were determined. Results: The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of SHRs significantly decreased from the third week of CIHH treatment. This blood pressure reduction effect could be maintained for at least 2 weeks after stopping the CIHH treatment. CIHH treatment also attenuated the decrease in MAP and renal sympathetic nerve activity induced by hexamethonium administration in SHRs, but not in WKY rats. Furthermore, CIHH reversed the increase in serum angiotensin (Ang)II concentration and the expression of PVN angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and AngII type 1 (AT1) receptors, as well as the decrease in serum Ang1-7 concentration and the expression of PVN ACE2 and Mas receptors in SHRs. In addition, the administration of CIHH resulted in a reduction in the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and amplitude of NMDAR current in PVN presympathetic neurons of SHRs, which means that CIHH decreased the pre- and postsynaptic NMDAR activity of PVN presympathetic neurons in SHRs. However, pretreatment with A779 (a Mas receptor blocker) or AngII abrogated the above effects. Meanwhile, Ang1-7 pretreatment mimicked the CIHH effect on pre- and postsynaptic NMDAR activity of presympathetic neurons in SHRs. Conclusions: Our data indicate that CIHH reduces pre- and postsynaptic NMDAR activity of PVN presympathetic neurons, sympathetic outflow, and blood pressure by decreasing the activity of the ACE/AngII/AT1 axis and increasing the activity of ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis in the hypothalamus in hypertension.
{"title":"Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Reduces Hypothalamic <i>N</i>-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Activity and Sympathetic Outflow in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.","authors":"Xinqi Guo, Hongyu Ma, Ziye Cui, Qiyue Zhao, Ying Zhang, Lu Jia, Liping Zhang, Hui Guo, Xiangjian Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yue Guan, Huijie Ma","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0098","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guo, Xinqi, Hongyu Ma, Ziye Cui, Qiyue Zhao, Ying Zhang, Lu Jia, Liping Zhang, Hui Guo, Xiangjian Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yue Guan, and Huijie Ma. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia reduces hypothalamic <i>N</i>-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor activity and sympathetic outflow in spontaneously hypertensive rats. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 25:77-88, 2024. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aims to determine the role of hypothalamic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the antihypertensive effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received 35 days of hypobaric hypoxia simulating an altitude of 4,000 m, 5 h/day. The levels of RAS, blood pressure, and <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activities of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) presympathetic neurons from each group of rats were determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of SHRs significantly decreased from the third week of CIHH treatment. This blood pressure reduction effect could be maintained for at least 2 weeks after stopping the CIHH treatment. CIHH treatment also attenuated the decrease in MAP and renal sympathetic nerve activity induced by hexamethonium administration in SHRs, but not in WKY rats. Furthermore, CIHH reversed the increase in serum angiotensin (Ang)II concentration and the expression of PVN angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and AngII type 1 (AT1) receptors, as well as the decrease in serum Ang1-7 concentration and the expression of PVN ACE2 and Mas receptors in SHRs. In addition, the administration of CIHH resulted in a reduction in the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and amplitude of NMDAR current in PVN presympathetic neurons of SHRs, which means that CIHH decreased the pre- and postsynaptic NMDAR activity of PVN presympathetic neurons in SHRs. However, pretreatment with A779 (a Mas receptor blocker) or AngII abrogated the above effects. Meanwhile, Ang1-7 pretreatment mimicked the CIHH effect on pre- and postsynaptic NMDAR activity of presympathetic neurons in SHRs. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our data indicate that CIHH reduces pre- and postsynaptic NMDAR activity of PVN presympathetic neurons, sympathetic outflow, and blood pressure by decreasing the activity of the ACE/AngII/AT1 axis and increasing the activity of ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis in the hypothalamus in hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.29031.ack
{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.29031.ack","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.29031.ack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"105-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2020-12-22DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0181
Dermas Chaen, Igor Trapellieni
{"title":"Re: \"Shortening Work-Rest Durations Reduces Physiological and Perceptual Load During Uphill Walking in Simulated Cold High-Altitude Conditions\" by Fornasiero et al.","authors":"Dermas Chaen, Igor Trapellieni","doi":"10.1089/ham.2020.0181","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2020.0181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25404334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0040
Susi Kriemler, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Dominique Jean
Kriemler, Susi, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E. Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A. Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, and Dominique Jean; for the UIAA MedCom Writing Group on Women's Health in the Mountains. Frostbite and mortality in mountaineering women: a scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission recommendations. High Alt Med Biol. 24:247-258, 2023. Background: The harsh environment of high altitudes (HA) poses many serious health risks for mountaineers, including cold injuries and death. The aim of this work was to review whether female mountaineers are at special risk for frostbite or death at HA compared with their male counterparts. Methods: The UIAA Medical Commission convened an international author team to review women's health issues at HA and to publish updated recommendations. Pertinent literature from PubMed and Cochrane was identified with additional publications found by hand search. The primary search focus was for articles assessing cold injuries and death in women mountaineers at HA. Results: We reviewed the literature and identified 20 relevant studies: 2 studies on frostbite at HA, plus 7 studies and 1 report for death at HA. An additional 10 studies about frostbite at low altitude were included. We found that female mountaineers at HA were at lower risk of death than their male counterparts, but sex differences in frostbite were inconclusive. Conclusions: The frequency of cold injuries and mortality in female mountaineers is not yet well studied, and the studies that have been published tend to lack precise exposure data. More studies and registries with sex-differentiated data are needed.
{"title":"Frostbite and Mortality in Mountaineering Women: A Scoping Review-UIAA Medical Commission Recommendations.","authors":"Susi Kriemler, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, Dominique Jean","doi":"10.1089/ham.2023.0040","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2023.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kriemler, Susi, Kastė Mateikaitė-Pipirienė, Alison Rosier, Linda E. Keyes, Peter Paal, Marija Andjelkovic, Beth A. Beidleman, Mia Derstine, Jacqueline Pichler Hefti, David Hillebrandt, Lenka Horakova, and Dominique Jean; for the UIAA MedCom Writing Group on Women's Health in the Mountains. Frostbite and mortality in mountaineering women: a scoping review-UIAA Medical Commission recommendations. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:247-258, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> The harsh environment of high altitudes (HA) poses many serious health risks for mountaineers, including cold injuries and death. The aim of this work was to review whether female mountaineers are at special risk for frostbite or death at HA compared with their male counterparts. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The UIAA Medical Commission convened an international author team to review women's health issues at HA and to publish updated recommendations. Pertinent literature from PubMed and Cochrane was identified with additional publications found by hand search. The primary search focus was for articles assessing cold injuries and death in women mountaineers at HA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We reviewed the literature and identified 20 relevant studies: 2 studies on frostbite at HA, plus 7 studies and 1 report for death at HA. An additional 10 studies about frostbite at low altitude were included. We found that female mountaineers at HA were at lower risk of death than their male counterparts, but sex differences in frostbite were inconclusive. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The frequency of cold injuries and mortality in female mountaineers is not yet well studied, and the studies that have been published tend to lack precise exposure data. More studies and registries with sex-differentiated data are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"247-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41199354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2021-06-17DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0172
Arti Jatwani, Rajkumar Tulsawani
Jatwani, Arti, and Rajkumar Tulsawani. Ganoderma lucidum induces myogenesis markers to avert damage to skeletal muscles in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol. 24:287-295, 2023. Background: Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has been reported to induce skeletal muscle loss and impair myogenesis. Aqueous extract of G. lucidum (AqGL) contains bioactive metabolites attributed to various pharmacological effects. In this study, protective effect of AqGL in ameliorating muscle mass loss following acute HH has been reported. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into following five groups of six rats in each group: unexposed control (Group 1), 6 hours of HH exposure (Group 2), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) (Group 3), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 100 mg/kg BW (Group 4), and 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 200 mg/kg BW (Group 5). Experimental animals from all groups, except Group, 1 were exposed to HH, simulated altitude of 25,000 ft for 6 hours. After exposure period, gastrocnemius muscle was collected, weighed, and morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers were analyzed. Results: HH-exposed rat muscle showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species & malondialdehyde), which was concomitant with decrease in its mass compared to controls. AqGL treatment significantly (p < 0.05) prevented muscle oxidative stress, restored reduced glutathione content, reduced protein carbonyl content and advanced oxidation protein product, and restored muscle mass loss at effective dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Furthermore, AqGL supplementation enhanced Myf5 (p < 0.01), MyoD (p < 0.01), MyoG (p < 0.05), and Mrf4 (nonsignificantly), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and interleukin 6 (p < 0.01) expression along with restoration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.001) and myostatin (p < 0.05) in hypoxia-exposed muscle, evidencing induction of myogenesis markers. Moreover, histological analysis showed increased myocyte number; nuclei shifted toward the periphery in the treatment group supporting muscle regeneration. Conclusion: AqGL supplementation attenuates muscle mass loss by preventing oxidative stress and inducing modulation in myogenesis markers under HH environment.
{"title":"<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Induces Myogenesis Markers to Avert Damage to Skeletal Muscles in Rats Exposed to Hypobaric Hypoxia.","authors":"Arti Jatwani, Rajkumar Tulsawani","doi":"10.1089/ham.2020.0172","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2020.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jatwani, Arti, and Rajkumar Tulsawani. <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> induces myogenesis markers to avert damage to skeletal muscles in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 24:287-295, 2023. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has been reported to induce skeletal muscle loss and impair myogenesis. Aqueous extract of <i>G. lucidum</i> (AqGL) contains bioactive metabolites attributed to various pharmacological effects. In this study, protective effect of AqGL in ameliorating muscle mass loss following acute HH has been reported. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into following five groups of six rats in each group: unexposed control (Group 1), 6 hours of HH exposure (Group 2), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) (Group 3), 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 100 mg/kg BW (Group 4), and 6 hours of HH exposure+AqGL extract 200 mg/kg BW (Group 5). Experimental animals from all groups, except Group, 1 were exposed to HH, simulated altitude of 25,000 ft for 6 hours. After exposure period, gastrocnemius muscle was collected, weighed, and morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> HH-exposed rat muscle showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species & malondialdehyde), which was concomitant with decrease in its mass compared to controls. AqGL treatment significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) prevented muscle oxidative stress, restored reduced glutathione content, reduced protein carbonyl content and advanced oxidation protein product, and restored muscle mass loss at effective dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Furthermore, AqGL supplementation enhanced Myf5 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), MyoD (<i>p</i> < 0.01), MyoG (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and Mrf4 (nonsignificantly), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and interleukin 6 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) expression along with restoration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and myostatin (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in hypoxia-exposed muscle, evidencing induction of myogenesis markers. Moreover, histological analysis showed increased myocyte number; nuclei shifted toward the periphery in the treatment group supporting muscle regeneration. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AqGL supplementation attenuates muscle mass loss by preventing oxidative stress and inducing modulation in myogenesis markers under HH environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"287-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39244480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}