Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.7281
Mohammad Hussain Faiq, Dr. Mohammad Safar Noori
Stress is an external factor that exerts a detrimental effect on overall growth of a plant. Environmental stress is a serious threat for sustainable crop production, and a main cause for food insecurity. Agricultural crops are exposed to a variety of environmental stresses including extreme temperatures and unfavorable chemical and physical soil conditions. Drought stress adversely affects some physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including transpiration, translocation of assimilates and nutrient metabolism. Salinity stress is responsible for loss of turgor, reduction in growth, wilting, leaf abscission, reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, loss of cellular integrity, tissue necrosis and finally death of the plant. Drought and salinity stress negatively affects the growth and yield of crop plants more than all the other stresses combined. Cold stress affects cellular components and metabolism, and temperature extremes impose stresses of variable severity that depend on the intensity and duration of the stress. Many approaches are being used to alleviate the deleterious effects of environmental stresses on successful agricultural crops production in recent years. Application of phytohormones (Abscisic acid, Indole-3-Aacetic Acid, Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) is one of the curative measures to mitigate the environmental stresses in agricultural crops. Phytohormones play a significant role in enhancing stress tolerance and therefore, reduce the yield loss in crop plants. In this paper, the impacts of environmental stresses on productivity and physiological activities of crop plants, and the effective role of some phytohormones in alleviation of environmental stresses have been reviewed.
{"title":"Utilization of phytohormones for successful crop production under environmental stress conditions","authors":"Mohammad Hussain Faiq, Dr. Mohammad Safar Noori","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.7281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.7281","url":null,"abstract":"Stress is an external factor that exerts a detrimental effect on overall growth of a plant. Environmental stress is a serious threat for sustainable crop production, and a main cause for food insecurity. Agricultural crops are exposed to a variety of environmental stresses including extreme temperatures and unfavorable chemical and physical soil conditions. Drought stress adversely affects some physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including transpiration, translocation of assimilates and nutrient metabolism. Salinity stress is responsible for loss of turgor, reduction in growth, wilting, leaf abscission, reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, loss of cellular integrity, tissue necrosis and finally death of the plant. Drought and salinity stress negatively affects the growth and yield of crop plants more than all the other stresses combined. Cold stress affects cellular components and metabolism, and temperature extremes impose stresses of variable severity that depend on the intensity and duration of the stress. Many approaches are being used to alleviate the deleterious effects of environmental stresses on successful agricultural crops production in recent years. Application of phytohormones (Abscisic acid, Indole-3-Aacetic Acid, Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) is one of the curative measures to mitigate the environmental stresses in agricultural crops. Phytohormones play a significant role in enhancing stress tolerance and therefore, reduce the yield loss in crop plants. In this paper, the impacts of environmental stresses on productivity and physiological activities of crop plants, and the effective role of some phytohormones in alleviation of environmental stresses have been reviewed.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"136 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116206225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.6904
M. Hossain, M. Kader, M. Kashem
Planting dates for a crop is a non-monetary input but plays a significant role in increasing the yield crop. Therefore, identifying genotype-specific planting dates is essential for obtaining the economic yield of tropical sugar beet. From this perspective, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University in Bangladesh, from November 2015 to April 2016. Five sugar beet genotypes: Shubhra, Cauvery, EB-0616, EB-0626, and EB-0809 planted on four dates: 10, 20, 30 November, and 10 December. Treatments were laid out in a split-plot design replicated three times. Data revealed that planting on 10 November date, genotype EB-0809 produced the highest tuber yield, which was significantly superior to any other genotype combined with other planting dates. It was found that every ten days delay of planting from 10 November to 30 December reduced the tuber yield by 30, 43, and 55%, respectively. Results confirmed that planting the EB-0809 genotype on 10 November is ideal to obtain the highest tuber yield of tropical sugar beet in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Optimum planting date for the maximum tuber yield of tropical sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes in the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain","authors":"M. Hossain, M. Kader, M. Kashem","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.6904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.6904","url":null,"abstract":"Planting dates for a crop is a non-monetary input but plays a significant role in increasing the yield crop. Therefore, identifying genotype-specific planting dates is essential for obtaining the economic yield of tropical sugar beet. From this perspective, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University in Bangladesh, from November 2015 to April 2016. Five sugar beet genotypes: Shubhra, Cauvery, EB-0616, EB-0626, and EB-0809 planted on four dates: 10, 20, 30 November, and 10 December. Treatments were laid out in a split-plot design replicated three times. Data revealed that planting on 10 November date, genotype EB-0809 produced the highest tuber yield, which was significantly superior to any other genotype combined with other planting dates. It was found that every ten days delay of planting from 10 November to 30 December reduced the tuber yield by 30, 43, and 55%, respectively. Results confirmed that planting the EB-0809 genotype on 10 November is ideal to obtain the highest tuber yield of tropical sugar beet in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115727938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.25081/JSA.2021.V5.5479
Majid Ali, M. Alamgeer, M. A. Qayyum, Khuram Zia, M. Ashfaq, Muhammad Asad Saleem
The research was conducted to determine Chromium (VI) toxicity in population Bombyx mori. The synthetic wastewater used to irrigate soil to evaluate the impact of pH (4 to 8) at 100 mg/L and initial Chromium (VI) concentrations (25 mg/L to 300 mg/L) at 5 pH in its bioaccumulation in B. mori foodchain. By using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis the amount of Chromium (VI) determined in soil, mulberry plants, B. mori larvae, silk glands and silkworm feces. The results showed that local cobalt pollution can be indicated by using B. mori as a template as its body length, body weight and the mortality rate were found to be strongly related to Chromium (VI) concentration. Higher the Chromium (VI) amount in mulberry leaves causes more toxicity to B. mori population. At 300 mg/L Cr (VI) concentration and pH 4 there was maximum deposition of Chromium (VI) in soil, mulberry plants, B. mori larvae, faeces and silk glands from the synthetic effluent. The maximum deposition was 123.5±0.03 mg/kg, 89.76±.031 mg/kg, 23.31±0.019 mg/kg, 41.32±0.069 mg/kg and 35.67±0.04 mg/kg observed respectively.
{"title":"Transportation of Chromium (VI) to Bombyx mori L. from mulberry Plant (Morus alba L.) grown at soil irrigated with Chromium (VI) containing effluents","authors":"Majid Ali, M. Alamgeer, M. A. Qayyum, Khuram Zia, M. Ashfaq, Muhammad Asad Saleem","doi":"10.25081/JSA.2021.V5.5479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JSA.2021.V5.5479","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted to determine Chromium (VI) toxicity in population Bombyx mori. The synthetic wastewater used to irrigate soil to evaluate the impact of pH (4 to 8) at 100 mg/L and initial Chromium (VI) concentrations (25 mg/L to 300 mg/L) at 5 pH in its bioaccumulation in B. mori foodchain. By using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis the amount of Chromium (VI) determined in soil, mulberry plants, B. mori larvae, silk glands and silkworm feces. The results showed that local cobalt pollution can be indicated by using B. mori as a template as its body length, body weight and the mortality rate were found to be strongly related to Chromium (VI) concentration. Higher the Chromium (VI) amount in mulberry leaves causes more toxicity to B. mori population. At 300 mg/L Cr (VI) concentration and pH 4 there was maximum deposition of Chromium (VI) in soil, mulberry plants, B. mori larvae, faeces and silk glands from the synthetic effluent. The maximum deposition was 123.5±0.03 mg/kg, 89.76±.031 mg/kg, 23.31±0.019 mg/kg, 41.32±0.069 mg/kg and 35.67±0.04 mg/kg observed respectively.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122326082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-17DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6428
Saedy Karim, F. Uddin, H. Rashid, M. Hadiuzzaman
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the yield response of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by phosphorus and potassium management. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Phosphorus fertilizer (4 levels) viz. P1=15Kg P ha-1, P2=20 Kg P ha-1 and P3=25 Kg P ha-1 , P4=35 Kg P ha-1 and factor B: Potassium fertilizer (4 levels) viz. K1=0 Kg K ha-1, K2=20 Kg K ha-1, K3=30 Kg K ha-1 and K4=40 Kg K ha-1. The variety BARI Jharsheem-3 was used in this experiment as the test crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of phosphorus @ 25 kg ha-1 the highest number of pods plant-1 (4.96), pod length (13.34 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.54), weight of 1000-seed (431.21 g), seed yield (1.33 t ha-1), stover yield (1.53 t ha-1), biological yield (2.86 t ha-1) and harvest index 46.50% were found. In case of potassium @ 40 kg ha-1, he highest number of pods plant-1 (5.80), pod length (14.89 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.24), weight of 1000-seed (430.37 g), seed yield (1.53 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.46 t ha-1 ), biological yield (2.99 t ha-1) and harvest index 51.17% were found. Interaction effect of phosphorus and potassium the highest number of pods plant-1 (5.18), pod length (13.40 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.30), weight of 1000-seed (430.53 g), seed yield (1.40 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.60 t ha-1 ), biological yield (3.00 t ha-1 ) and harvest index 46.66% were recorded from P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1. However, from the study it can be concluded that application of P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1 was the most suitable combination for better yield of French bean.
在孟加拉国农业大学农学系农艺田间实验室进行了试验，研究了磷钾管理对法国豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)产量的影响。这个实验包括两个因素。因子A:磷肥(4级)，即P1=15Kg磷肥-1,P2= 20kg磷肥-1,P3= 25kg磷肥-1,P4= 35kg磷肥-1;因子B:钾肥(4级)，即K1= 0kg磷肥-1,K2= 20kg磷肥-1,K3= 30kg磷肥-1,K4= 40kg磷肥-1。本试验选用品种BARI Jharsheem-3作为试验作物。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复。磷浓度为25 kg hm -1时，单株荚果数(4.96)、荚果长(13.34 cm)、荚果数(4.54)、千粒重(431.21 g)、籽粒产量(1.33 t hm -1)、秸秆产量(1.53 t hm -1)、生物产量(2.86 t hm -1)和收获指数(46.50%)最高。在钾浓度为40 kg hm -1时，单株荚果数(5.80)、荚果长(14.89 cm)、籽粒数(4.24)、千粒重(430.37 g)、籽粒产量(1.53 t hm -1)、秸秆产量(1.46 t hm -1)、生物产量(2.99 t hm -1)和收获指数(51.17%)最高。磷钾互作效应在P @ 25 kg ha-1和K @ 40 kg ha-1处理下，最高荚果数(5.18)、荚果长(13.40 cm)、荚果数(4.30)、千粒重(430.53 g)、种子产量(1.40 t ha-1)、秸秆产量(1.60 t ha-1)、生物产量(3.00 t ha-1)和收获指数46.66%。结果表明，施用磷25 kg hm -1和钾40 kg hm -1是提高法国豆产量的最适宜组合。
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus and potassium on the growth and yield of French bean","authors":"Saedy Karim, F. Uddin, H. Rashid, M. Hadiuzzaman","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6428","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the yield response of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by phosphorus and potassium management. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Phosphorus fertilizer (4 levels) viz. P1=15Kg P ha-1, P2=20 Kg P ha-1 and P3=25 Kg P ha-1 , P4=35 Kg P ha-1 and factor B: Potassium fertilizer (4 levels) viz. K1=0 Kg K ha-1, K2=20 Kg K ha-1, K3=30 Kg K ha-1 and K4=40 Kg K ha-1. The variety BARI Jharsheem-3 was used in this experiment as the test crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of phosphorus @ 25 kg ha-1 the highest number of pods plant-1 (4.96), pod length (13.34 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.54), weight of 1000-seed (431.21 g), seed yield (1.33 t ha-1), stover yield (1.53 t ha-1), biological yield (2.86 t ha-1) and harvest index 46.50% were found. In case of potassium @ 40 kg ha-1, he highest number of pods plant-1 (5.80), pod length (14.89 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.24), weight of 1000-seed (430.37 g), seed yield (1.53 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.46 t ha-1 ), biological yield (2.99 t ha-1) and harvest index 51.17% were found. Interaction effect of phosphorus and potassium the highest number of pods plant-1 (5.18), pod length (13.40 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.30), weight of 1000-seed (430.53 g), seed yield (1.40 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.60 t ha-1 ), biological yield (3.00 t ha-1 ) and harvest index 46.66% were recorded from P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1. However, from the study it can be concluded that application of P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1 was the most suitable combination for better yield of French bean.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132561673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-06DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6464
Zulnorain Sajid, Abid Ali, M. Usman, A. Mujahid, Bilal Jafar, Adnan Kashif, H. Bashir, Q. Abbas, M. Tariq, M. Shakeel, Y. Sultan, Muhammad Haseeb Qureshi, N. Akhtar
Spodoptera litura is serious pest of many horticultural and agricultural crops. S. litura can cause severe economic loss of crops like cotton, cabbage and okra. Different methods are adopted to control this notorious insect pest throughout the globe but biological control is one of them that proved best against it. In 2019, current study was conducted to check the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis on 2nd larval instars under laboratory conditions by using different hosts. Mortality data was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours of post treatment. The results showed that maximum mortality was recorded on okra (41.46%) followed by cotton (34.67%) and cabbage (23.87%) after 24 hours. After 72 hours of post treatment, maximum mortality of larvae was observed on Bt treated leaves of cabbage than okra. The results indicated that 100% mortality was recorded on cabbage after 72 hours of treatment. Bt treated cabbage leaves were found most effective with 11.21% mortality while cotton gave least effective results with 9.99%. The current study concluded that microbial control is best approach to control insect pest under laboratory as well as field conditions.
{"title":"Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis against second instar larvae of Spodoptera litura on different host plants","authors":"Zulnorain Sajid, Abid Ali, M. Usman, A. Mujahid, Bilal Jafar, Adnan Kashif, H. Bashir, Q. Abbas, M. Tariq, M. Shakeel, Y. Sultan, Muhammad Haseeb Qureshi, N. Akhtar","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6464","url":null,"abstract":"Spodoptera litura is serious pest of many horticultural and agricultural crops. S. litura can cause severe economic loss of crops like cotton, cabbage and okra. Different methods are adopted to control this notorious insect pest throughout the globe but biological control is one of them that proved best against it. In 2019, current study was conducted to check the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis on 2nd larval instars under laboratory conditions by using different hosts. Mortality data was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours of post treatment. The results showed that maximum mortality was recorded on okra (41.46%) followed by cotton (34.67%) and cabbage (23.87%) after 24 hours. After 72 hours of post treatment, maximum mortality of larvae was observed on Bt treated leaves of cabbage than okra. The results indicated that 100% mortality was recorded on cabbage after 72 hours of treatment. Bt treated cabbage leaves were found most effective with 11.21% mortality while cotton gave least effective results with 9.99%. The current study concluded that microbial control is best approach to control insect pest under laboratory as well as field conditions. ","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123969583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6239
R. Jiriko, E. N. Mbah, N. Amah
The study was carried out to determine devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 145 respondents used for the study. Data collected for the study were analyzed using mean score. Findings indicated that the major causes of flood disaster were poor level of public awareness campaign on flood hazard (x –=2.00), increased impermeability due to urbanization (x –=2.00), overflowing dams (x –=2.00), building on water ways and drainage channels (x –=2.00), flood plain being occupied by human settlement and economic activities (x –=1.41), blockage of flood path with sediment deposit (x –=1.31) and increase in rainfall (x –=1.30). Rendering of rural dwellers homeless (x –=2.47), fills homes with dirty water and refuse (x –=2.43), blockage of road networks (x –=2.42), disruption of economic activities (x –=2.40), destruction of farmlands (x –=2.40), increase in household food insecurity (x –=2.35), destruction of crops and livestock (x –=2.30), damages stored farm produce (x –=2.24) and loss of lives and property (x –=2.12) were effects of flood disaster on rural households. Based on the findings of the study, there arises the need for government at all levels and non-governmental organizations to intensify efforts in creation of awareness for people living in flood prone areas to relocate to a safer place in order to avoid loss of life and disruption of economic activities.
{"title":"Devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"R. Jiriko, E. N. Mbah, N. Amah","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6239","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 145 respondents used for the study. Data collected for the study were analyzed using mean score. Findings indicated that the major causes of flood disaster were poor level of public awareness campaign on flood hazard (x –=2.00), increased impermeability due to urbanization (x –=2.00), overflowing dams (x –=2.00), building on water ways and drainage channels (x –=2.00), flood plain being occupied by human settlement and economic activities (x –=1.41), blockage of flood path with sediment deposit (x –=1.31) and increase in rainfall (x –=1.30). Rendering of rural dwellers homeless (x –=2.47), fills homes with dirty water and refuse (x –=2.43), blockage of road networks (x –=2.42), disruption of economic activities (x –=2.40), destruction of farmlands (x –=2.40), increase in household food insecurity (x –=2.35), destruction of crops and livestock (x –=2.30), damages stored farm produce (x –=2.24) and loss of lives and property (x –=2.12) were effects of flood disaster on rural households. Based on the findings of the study, there arises the need for government at all levels and non-governmental organizations to intensify efforts in creation of awareness for people living in flood prone areas to relocate to a safer place in order to avoid loss of life and disruption of economic activities.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124583869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.5719
G. Murtaza, M. Ramzan, Y. Sultan, F. Saleem, Muhammad Arsalan Rafique, S. Sajid, M. Jamil
Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is considered as a cosmopolitan polyphagous generalist predator. Chrysoperla carnea can be used in biological control programs. The biological parameters of Chrysoperla carnea were studied to check the effect different diets under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that preoviposition, oviposition and post oviposition periods were 8.2±1.25, 30.6±1.72 and 9.4±1.02 days, respectively. The highest mortalities were occurred reared at Water+ Sugar+ Yeast+ Evion diets while no mortality was observed at H2O + Sugar +Yeast + Honey. The female longevity was 51.2 ± 2.18 days. The fecundity of female was 301.31 eggs per female with 10.36 eggs per day per single female on artificial diet, H2O + Sugar +Yeast + Honey. The study revealed that H2O + Sugar +Yeast + Honey was showed highest survival and fecundity while Water+ Sugar+ Yeast+ Evion least one.
{"title":"Effect of different artificial diets on biological parameters of female Chrysoperla carnea under laboratory conditions","authors":"G. Murtaza, M. Ramzan, Y. Sultan, F. Saleem, Muhammad Arsalan Rafique, S. Sajid, M. Jamil","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.5719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.5719","url":null,"abstract":"Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is considered as a cosmopolitan polyphagous generalist predator. Chrysoperla carnea can be used in biological control programs. The biological parameters of Chrysoperla carnea were studied to check the effect different diets under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that preoviposition, oviposition and post oviposition periods were 8.2±1.25, 30.6±1.72 and 9.4±1.02 days, respectively. The highest mortalities were occurred reared at Water+ Sugar+ Yeast+ Evion diets while no mortality was observed at H2O + Sugar +Yeast + Honey. The female longevity was 51.2 ± 2.18 days. The fecundity of female was 301.31 eggs per female with 10.36 eggs per day per single female on artificial diet, H2O + Sugar +Yeast + Honey. The study revealed that H2O + Sugar +Yeast + Honey was showed highest survival and fecundity while Water+ Sugar+ Yeast+ Evion least one.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115228563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6231
T. P. Rahmadhani, S. Suwandi, S. Suparman
Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by long-term survival fungus Ganoderma boninense is the most important of oil palm disease that difficult to be controlled. Perennial herbaceous species are potentially developed for long-term BSR control and applied as mixed planting with oil palm. This research was aimed to study the competition effects of mixed planting with edible herbaceous perennial plants (edible canna (Canna indica), arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), and water yam (Dioscorea alata) on growth of oil palm seedlings. Two competition trials (non-inoculated and Ganoderma-inoculated trial) were conducted. The herbaceous plants were grown together with oil palm seedling in a polybag filled with 40 L field soil. Mixed planting of Ganoderma-inoculated oil palm and herbaceous plants and grown on a large soil volume resulted in a minor infection with a high variation in severity leading to insignificant effect of herbaceous competition on Ganoderma infection. Herbaceous competition significantly suppressed oil palm seedling growth under both inoculated with Ganoderma and without inoculation. Arrowroot exhibited as the most competitive herbaceous species and followed by canna and cocoyam. Water yam showed a weak competitive against oil palm seedling since only a minor interference in all observed growth characteristics.
{"title":"Growth responses of oil palm seedling inoculated with Ganoderma boninense under competition with edible herbaceous plants","authors":"T. P. Rahmadhani, S. Suwandi, S. Suparman","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6231","url":null,"abstract":"Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by long-term survival fungus Ganoderma boninense is the most important of oil palm disease that difficult to be controlled. Perennial herbaceous species are potentially developed for long-term BSR control and applied as mixed planting with oil palm. This research was aimed to study the competition effects of mixed planting with edible herbaceous perennial plants (edible canna (Canna indica), arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), and water yam (Dioscorea alata) on growth of oil palm seedlings. Two competition trials (non-inoculated and Ganoderma-inoculated trial) were conducted. The herbaceous plants were grown together with oil palm seedling in a polybag filled with 40 L field soil. Mixed planting of Ganoderma-inoculated oil palm and herbaceous plants and grown on a large soil volume resulted in a minor infection with a high variation in severity leading to insignificant effect of herbaceous competition on Ganoderma infection. Herbaceous competition significantly suppressed oil palm seedling growth under both inoculated with Ganoderma and without inoculation. Arrowroot exhibited as the most competitive herbaceous species and followed by canna and cocoyam. Water yam showed a weak competitive against oil palm seedling since only a minor interference in all observed growth characteristics.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128564757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6061
Anyway Chofamba
The study was done following the continued outbreaks of problematic diseases in the production of tobacco (N. tabucum) in Zimbabwe which amongst the problematic ones are Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. The experiment was conducted at Marondera University of Agriculture Science and Technology in Zimbabwe, aiming to evaluate the suitability of Chia as a rotational crop to tobacco. Chia is a seed oil producing legume crop which is regarded the most suitable in rotation with tobacco at the moment because of its monetary benefit to the farmer hence will encourage crop rotation. An experiment was set up with two trials in three growing seasons arranged in a complete block design. Fusarium solani five treatments were used one control and four other different rates of inoculum 2.5g,3.5g, 5.5g and 7.5g/10ml of Distilled water and Rhizoctonia solani five treatments were used with a control and four other different inoculations rates inoculated at 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.4g and 0.6g/10ml Distilled water. Data collection was based on the disease severity scale and index of Chia, and also histochemical parameters which were hydrogen peroxide content and malonaldehyde content. There was significant (p < 0.05) differences between the different inoculation rates of all the measured parameters under the distinct diseases. Hence Chia cannot be rotated with tobacco even under low levels of disease threshold within the soil, unless proper and intensive management practices are put in place.
{"title":"Host status and disease threshold of Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk), on Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) and its suitability as a rotational crop to (Nicotana tabucum L.)","authors":"Anyway Chofamba","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6061","url":null,"abstract":"The study was done following the continued outbreaks of problematic diseases in the production of tobacco (N. tabucum) in Zimbabwe which amongst the problematic ones are Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. The experiment was conducted at Marondera University of Agriculture Science and Technology in Zimbabwe, aiming to evaluate the suitability of Chia as a rotational crop to tobacco. Chia is a seed oil producing legume crop which is regarded the most suitable in rotation with tobacco at the moment because of its monetary benefit to the farmer hence will encourage crop rotation. An experiment was set up with two trials in three growing seasons arranged in a complete block design. Fusarium solani five treatments were used one control and four other different rates of inoculum 2.5g,3.5g, 5.5g and 7.5g/10ml of Distilled water and Rhizoctonia solani five treatments were used with a control and four other different inoculations rates inoculated at 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.4g and 0.6g/10ml Distilled water. Data collection was based on the disease severity scale and index of Chia, and also histochemical parameters which were hydrogen peroxide content and malonaldehyde content. There was significant (p < 0.05) differences between the different inoculation rates of all the measured parameters under the distinct diseases. Hence Chia cannot be rotated with tobacco even under low levels of disease threshold within the soil, unless proper and intensive management practices are put in place.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115280932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-08DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2018.v2.20181204
{"title":"Comparative performance of three local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Digla, Farris and Babil in Iraq","authors":"","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2018.v2.20181204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2018.v2.20181204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128502842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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