Numerous cultivated plants are attacked by Spodoptera litura, which also significantly reduces crop yields. In this study, a green strategy was used to assess the toxicological impact of three plant extracts (Eucalyptus globulus, Allium sativum, and Azadirachta indica) against S. litura larvae in their second and third instars. The study resulted that among the tested extracts, neem (A. indica) was found to be the most toxic and efficient extract followed by E. globulus and A. sativum. 29.92, 56.61, and 79.53% mortality of 2nd instar larvae were recorded at 3, 5, and 7 ppm, respectively, while 24.52, 27.66, and 72.42% of 3rd instars. Among the tested extracts, A. sativum was the least toxic extract than others. One of the main causes of large losses in field crops is insect pest damage. According to the study’s findings, A. indica extract has the potential to lessen S. litura damage to crops as a natural substitute for chemical pesticides without harming beneficial species.
{"title":"Efficacy of botanicals extracts against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory condition","authors":"Arfa Safder, Zohaib Afzal, Fizza Munawar, Ahad Masood Hashmi, Rafia Bakht Ali, Nagina Amanat","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.8103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.8103","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous cultivated plants are attacked by Spodoptera litura, which also significantly reduces crop yields. In this study, a green strategy was used to assess the toxicological impact of three plant extracts (Eucalyptus globulus, Allium sativum, and Azadirachta indica) against S. litura larvae in their second and third instars. The study resulted that among the tested extracts, neem (A. indica) was found to be the most toxic and efficient extract followed by E. globulus and A. sativum. 29.92, 56.61, and 79.53% mortality of 2nd instar larvae were recorded at 3, 5, and 7 ppm, respectively, while 24.52, 27.66, and 72.42% of 3rd instars. Among the tested extracts, A. sativum was the least toxic extract than others. One of the main causes of large losses in field crops is insect pest damage. According to the study’s findings, A. indica extract has the potential to lessen S. litura damage to crops as a natural substitute for chemical pesticides without harming beneficial species.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122830367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7595
Siraye Ashagrie, Fisseha Worede, Wossen Tarekegne
Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a gluten-free cereal crop mainly grown in Ethiopia. Knowledge of the nature and magnitude of variation that exists in breeding materials is of great importance for effective breeding. This study was designed to assess the genetic divergence of tef landrace collections using quantitative and qualitative traits and to investigate the important trait in discriminating the tef landraces. The experiment was carried out at Adet Agricultural Research Center during the rainy season in 2019. Sixty-two landraces and two improved varieties were laid out in an 8×8 simple lattice design. Data were collected on 12 quantitative and three qualitative traits. The analysis of variance detected significant (P≤ 0.05) variation for panicle length and biomass yield, and highly significant (P≤ 0.01) differences among the tef landraces for the rest 10 traits, indicating the existence of appreciable genetic diversity that can be exploited in future tef breeding programs. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method grouped the 64 tef genotypes into four clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters III and IV; as a result, the tef genotypes from these clusters could be used as parents for future crossing programs. Principal components analysis revealed that the first four principal component axes accounted for 75.12% of the total variation among landraces, indicating that the traits considered were appropriate to detect the variation. The finding also demonstrated that grain yield, harvest index, days to heading, culm length and lodging index are higher contributors to the diversity of the tef landraces. These traits were most important in the discrimination of the landraces. Overall, the present study confirmed the presence of substantial diversity among the tef landraces.
{"title":"Genetic divergence analyses in tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) landraces based on morpho-agronomic traits","authors":"Siraye Ashagrie, Fisseha Worede, Wossen Tarekegne","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7595","url":null,"abstract":"Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a gluten-free cereal crop mainly grown in Ethiopia. Knowledge of the nature and magnitude of variation that exists in breeding materials is of great importance for effective breeding. This study was designed to assess the genetic divergence of tef landrace collections using quantitative and qualitative traits and to investigate the important trait in discriminating the tef landraces. The experiment was carried out at Adet Agricultural Research Center during the rainy season in 2019. Sixty-two landraces and two improved varieties were laid out in an 8×8 simple lattice design. Data were collected on 12 quantitative and three qualitative traits. The analysis of variance detected significant (P≤ 0.05) variation for panicle length and biomass yield, and highly significant (P≤ 0.01) differences among the tef landraces for the rest 10 traits, indicating the existence of appreciable genetic diversity that can be exploited in future tef breeding programs. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method grouped the 64 tef genotypes into four clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters III and IV; as a result, the tef genotypes from these clusters could be used as parents for future crossing programs. Principal components analysis revealed that the first four principal component axes accounted for 75.12% of the total variation among landraces, indicating that the traits considered were appropriate to detect the variation. The finding also demonstrated that grain yield, harvest index, days to heading, culm length and lodging index are higher contributors to the diversity of the tef landraces. These traits were most important in the discrimination of the landraces. Overall, the present study confirmed the presence of substantial diversity among the tef landraces.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126070965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2023.v7.8271
Muhammad Iqbal Nul Hakim Mohd Sazili, F. A. Zakry, Franklin Ragai Kundat
Trichoderma is a fungal genus that is widely reported to cause beneficial impacts to crop plants but rarely detriment. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain UPMT14 on red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under growth room conditions. A culture of UPMT14 was grown on potato dextrose broth to produce inoculum. This liquid inoculum was injected through the stem of red leaf lettuce seedlings 22 days old with five replications, and then plant growth progress was monitored for vegetative responses. Red leaf lettuce plants began to exhibit foliar symptoms on day 36, such as chlorosis, wilt, and drying out, before total collapsed on day 45 in comparison to untreated control red leaf lettuce plants. In conclusion, the wilting incidence in red leaf lettuce was observed after T. longibrachiatum inoculation. Further studies are needed in future to understand the pathogenesis of T. longibrachiatum.
{"title":"Wilt disease symptoms in red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) after inoculated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum","authors":"Muhammad Iqbal Nul Hakim Mohd Sazili, F. A. Zakry, Franklin Ragai Kundat","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2023.v7.8271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2023.v7.8271","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma is a fungal genus that is widely reported to cause beneficial impacts to crop plants but rarely detriment. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain UPMT14 on red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under growth room conditions. A culture of UPMT14 was grown on potato dextrose broth to produce inoculum. This liquid inoculum was injected through the stem of red leaf lettuce seedlings 22 days old with five replications, and then plant growth progress was monitored for vegetative responses. Red leaf lettuce plants began to exhibit foliar symptoms on day 36, such as chlorosis, wilt, and drying out, before total collapsed on day 45 in comparison to untreated control red leaf lettuce plants. In conclusion, the wilting incidence in red leaf lettuce was observed after T. longibrachiatum inoculation. Further studies are needed in future to understand the pathogenesis of T. longibrachiatum.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114133731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7477
T. Nyurura, M. Maphosa
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var lanatus L.] is a major xerophytic crop originating in Africa especially grown in subtropical and tropical parts of the world. However, few adapted varieties are available to promote greater yield and make watermelon a viable commercial crop of choice. Path analysis and combining ability was carried out for yield related traits among three popular local landraces; Landrace1, Landrace 2 and Landrace 3 collected in Zimbabwe and three commercial watermelon varieties ‘Congo’, ‘Charleston Grey’ and ‘Crimson Sweet’ in plots arranged in an RCBD replicated 3 times. A complete diallel mating design was used to generate 36 F1 genotypes which together with the parents were evaluated for several quantitate traits. Data on correlations, path analysis, GCA and SCA between fruit yield and other traits were computed using Microsoft Excel and GenStat 17. Individual fruit weight (FIW) and the number of fruits per plant (NF) were found to be significantly linked with final fruit yield. Significant positive correlations were also observed on NF and number of female flowers (NFF), number of vines (NV), and FIW and these traits could be recommended as reliable selection indicators for creating high yielding watermelon genotypes. Path analysis showed that FIW and NF were the most important contributors to watermelon yield. GCA and SCA effects were significant and positive for yield which indicates that the traits are controlled by both additive and non-additive genes. ‘Crimson Sweet’ and ‘Landrace 1’ were the best pollen sources whereas ‘Landrace 1’ and ‘Landrace 2’ were the highest yielders when used as female parents. Overall, results from this study identified usable yield related proxies and need to incorporate local landraces germplasm in watermelon improvement.
西瓜[Citrullus lanatus var lanatus L.]是一种主要的旱生作物，原产于非洲，特别是在世界亚热带和热带地区种植。然而，很少有适合的品种可以提高产量，使西瓜成为可行的商业作物选择。对3个地方流行品种的产量相关性状进行通径分析和配合力分析;在津巴布韦采集的长白1号、长白2号和长白3号，以及三个商业西瓜品种“刚果”、“查尔斯顿灰”和“深红色甜”，在RCBD中重复3次。采用完全双列杂交设计，获得36个F1基因型，并与亲本对若干定量性状进行了评价。利用Microsoft Excel和GenStat 17计算果实产量与其他性状的相关性、通径分析、GCA和SCA数据。单果重(FIW)和单株果数(NF)与最终果实产量显著相关。籽粒肥力与雌花数(NFF)、藤数(NV)和果实生物量(FIW)均呈显著正相关，可作为西瓜高产基因型的可靠选择指标。通径分析表明，FIW和NF对西瓜产量的影响最大。GCA和SCA对产量的影响显著且呈正相关，说明性状受加性和非加性基因的共同控制。‘深红甜’和‘长白1’是最佳花粉源，而‘长白1’和‘长白2’作为母本产量最高。总的来说，本研究的结果确定了可用的产量相关指标，需要在西瓜改良中纳入地方种质资源。
{"title":"Genetic analysis of yield related traits in landrace × commercial watermelon hybrids","authors":"T. Nyurura, M. Maphosa","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7477","url":null,"abstract":"Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var lanatus L.] is a major xerophytic crop originating in Africa especially grown in subtropical and tropical parts of the world. However, few adapted varieties are available to promote greater yield and make watermelon a viable commercial crop of choice. Path analysis and combining ability was carried out for yield related traits among three popular local landraces; Landrace1, Landrace 2 and Landrace 3 collected in Zimbabwe and three commercial watermelon varieties ‘Congo’, ‘Charleston Grey’ and ‘Crimson Sweet’ in plots arranged in an RCBD replicated 3 times. A complete diallel mating design was used to generate 36 F1 genotypes which together with the parents were evaluated for several quantitate traits. Data on correlations, path analysis, GCA and SCA between fruit yield and other traits were computed using Microsoft Excel and GenStat 17. Individual fruit weight (FIW) and the number of fruits per plant (NF) were found to be significantly linked with final fruit yield. Significant positive correlations were also observed on NF and number of female flowers (NFF), number of vines (NV), and FIW and these traits could be recommended as reliable selection indicators for creating high yielding watermelon genotypes. Path analysis showed that FIW and NF were the most important contributors to watermelon yield. GCA and SCA effects were significant and positive for yield which indicates that the traits are controlled by both additive and non-additive genes. ‘Crimson Sweet’ and ‘Landrace 1’ were the best pollen sources whereas ‘Landrace 1’ and ‘Landrace 2’ were the highest yielders when used as female parents. Overall, results from this study identified usable yield related proxies and need to incorporate local landraces germplasm in watermelon improvement.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126813394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7253
Desta Abebe Belete, Atsedemariam Tewachew, Mulugeta Bitew, Tafere Mulualem
Rice is the major source of calories and third largest crop after maize and wheat by productivity. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlations between grain yield and its contributing traits and to measure the direct and indirect effects of those traits on grain yield in upland rice. Sixteen upland rice genotypes were tested using RCBD with three replications at Pawe district (on station and on farm) during 2016/2017 main cropping season. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between nine characters were computed and also the direct and indirect effects. The results obtained indicated that estimates of genotypic correlation coefficients between nine characters were generally different in sign but higher in magnitude than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients. Days to maturity and plant height were showed strong positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations with days to 50% heading at on farm level. Whereas, thousand seed weight was exhibited strong positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations with days to 50% heading followed by panicle length at on station level. The highest positive both phenotypic and genotypic direct effect on grain yield were exerted by days to heading followed by panicle length and number of filled grain per panicle. In contrast, high order of negative both phenotypic and genotypic indirect effects were extended by panicle length on grain yield via days to maturity (-0.167), thousand seed weight (-0.162) and plant height (-0.09). The direct effects of the remaining six characters were too low to be considered important and the rest of the estimates of indirect effects obtained in path analysis were negligible. Generally, it can be concluded that there is a favorable situation for obtaining high response to selection in improving yield and its components in upland rice.
{"title":"Correlation and path coefficient studies for yield and its components of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North Western Ethiopia","authors":"Desta Abebe Belete, Atsedemariam Tewachew, Mulugeta Bitew, Tafere Mulualem","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7253","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the major source of calories and third largest crop after maize and wheat by productivity. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlations between grain yield and its contributing traits and to measure the direct and indirect effects of those traits on grain yield in upland rice. Sixteen upland rice genotypes were tested using RCBD with three replications at Pawe district (on station and on farm) during 2016/2017 main cropping season. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between nine characters were computed and also the direct and indirect effects. The results obtained indicated that estimates of genotypic correlation coefficients between nine characters were generally different in sign but higher in magnitude than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients. Days to maturity and plant height were showed strong positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations with days to 50% heading at on farm level. Whereas, thousand seed weight was exhibited strong positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations with days to 50% heading followed by panicle length at on station level. The highest positive both phenotypic and genotypic direct effect on grain yield were exerted by days to heading followed by panicle length and number of filled grain per panicle. In contrast, high order of negative both phenotypic and genotypic indirect effects were extended by panicle length on grain yield via days to maturity (-0.167), thousand seed weight (-0.162) and plant height (-0.09). The direct effects of the remaining six characters were too low to be considered important and the rest of the estimates of indirect effects obtained in path analysis were negligible. Generally, it can be concluded that there is a favorable situation for obtaining high response to selection in improving yield and its components in upland rice.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"62 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133357308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7267
Gerema Amente, T. Feyissa
Conventional vegetative propagation of sugarcane generally has low multiplication rate and allows distribution of diseases. Micropropagation is the only practical means of achieving rapid, large-scale production of disease-free quality planting material. Experiments on shoot tip culture initiation and shoot multiplication were laid out in completely randomized design with 2x3x3 and 4x5x3 factorial treatment arrangements respectively. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan's multiple range tests. With regard to shoot multiplication, genotype Q200 showed a maximum of 13.59 shoots per explant with 5.83cm shoot length on a medium fortified with 2 mg/l BAP alone, while genotype Q217 produced a maximum of 15.28 shoots per explant with 5.37cm mean shoot length on a medium supplied with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.25 mg/l kinetin. Likewise, Co-0238 produced a maximum of 13.56 shoots per explant with a mean shoot length 6.50 cm on medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5mg/l kinetin.
{"title":"Effect of growth regulators concentrations on in vitro multiplication of three elite sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Genotypes using shoot tip culture","authors":"Gerema Amente, T. Feyissa","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7267","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional vegetative propagation of sugarcane generally has low multiplication rate and allows distribution of diseases. Micropropagation is the only practical means of achieving rapid, large-scale production of disease-free quality planting material. Experiments on shoot tip culture initiation and shoot multiplication were laid out in completely randomized design with 2x3x3 and 4x5x3 factorial treatment arrangements respectively. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan's multiple range tests. With regard to shoot multiplication, genotype Q200 showed a maximum of 13.59 shoots per explant with 5.83cm shoot length on a medium fortified with 2 mg/l BAP alone, while genotype Q217 produced a maximum of 15.28 shoots per explant with 5.37cm mean shoot length on a medium supplied with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.25 mg/l kinetin. Likewise, Co-0238 produced a maximum of 13.56 shoots per explant with a mean shoot length 6.50 cm on medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5mg/l kinetin.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132728309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7446
Shervinia Dwi Ayundra, S. Suwandi, S. Herlinda, H. Hamidson, R. Wandri, D. Asmono
Basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense is a major disease of oil palm in Indonesia. Environmental factors associated with disease can be used as the basis for developing disease control. This study aims to describe the physical and chemical properties of oil palm plantations land mineral soil land that is infested with basal stem rot. Soil composite samples were randomly collected from diseased and healthy palm circle from an oil palm plantation in Mesuji, South Sumatra. The results showed that the texture and nutrient status of diseased and healthy plants were not significantly different, namely they had the same low analytical values in terms of the content of N, C-organic, CEC, Mg, Ca, Na, and K2O. The ratios of C/N, exchangeable K and exchangeable acidity in healthy and diseased soils were both moderate to high. The content of available P and total P was very high (43−134 ppm) and was found to be higher in the soil of diseased plants than in healthy plants. These results indicated that high availability of P nutrients may favor G. boninense infection in oil palm plantation.
{"title":"Soil physicochemical properties in respect to plant health in Ganodermainfested oil palm plantation","authors":"Shervinia Dwi Ayundra, S. Suwandi, S. Herlinda, H. Hamidson, R. Wandri, D. Asmono","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7446","url":null,"abstract":"Basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense is a major disease of oil palm in Indonesia. Environmental factors associated with disease can be used as the basis for developing disease control. This study aims to describe the physical and chemical properties of oil palm plantations land mineral soil land that is infested with basal stem rot. Soil composite samples were randomly collected from diseased and healthy palm circle from an oil palm plantation in Mesuji, South Sumatra. The results showed that the texture and nutrient status of diseased and healthy plants were not significantly different, namely they had the same low analytical values in terms of the content of N, C-organic, CEC, Mg, Ca, Na, and K2O. The ratios of C/N, exchangeable K and exchangeable acidity in healthy and diseased soils were both moderate to high. The content of available P and total P was very high (43−134 ppm) and was found to be higher in the soil of diseased plants than in healthy plants. These results indicated that high availability of P nutrients may favor G. boninense infection in oil palm plantation.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129582475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7289
T. Dinsa, Urgaya Balcha, Fayisa Benya, Mihratu Fufa
Mung bean is a useful crop in drier areas and has a good potential for crop rotation and relay cropping with cereals using residual moisture. The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center (ATARC), Lume and Dugda during 2018 and 2019 with the objective to identify adaptable and high yielder mung bean varieties for East Shewa Zone and similar agro ecologies. Four released mung bean varieties Shewa robit, Beroda, N-26 and Arkebe used as planting material. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The plot size was 1.8m × 2.5 m (4.5 m2) having 6 rows and a spacing of 0.30 m between rows and 50 cm between replication, 1 m between blocks. Data’s like height (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to days to flowering, days to maturity, grain yield (kg ha-1), 100 seed weight (g) were collected and analyzed using SAS software. The combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant variation at (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01) among the studied varieties, locations, and year main effect. There were also significant interaction effect on location by year, varieties by year and location by varieties by year for grain yield and other yield components. But non-significant on varieties by location for all traits except plant height and indicated those varieties were performed similarly across the locations. Shewa Robit variety had a higher grain yield (1607.4 kg ha-1) followed by N-26 (1542 kg ha-1) and Beroda (1466.1 kg ha-1). While Arkebe Variety had a lower grain yield (893.4 kg ha-1) as compared with other varieties. Therefore Shewa Robit and N-26 were recommended for the study area and similar agro-ecologies.
绿豆在干旱地区是一种有用的作物，在利用剩余水分的谷物轮作和轮作中具有良好的潜力。该试验于2018年和2019年在阿达米图鲁农业研究中心(ATARC)、卢姆和杜格达进行，目的是为东舍瓦区和类似的农业生态环境寻找适应性强、高产的绿豆品种。选用4个已发布的绿豆品种Shewa robit、Beroda、N-26和Arkebe作为种植材料。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复。小区面积为1.8m × 2.5 m (4.5 m2)，有6行，行间距0.30 m，复制间距50 cm，块间距1 m。采用SAS软件采集植株高度(cm)、单株荚数、每荚种子数、开花天数、成熟天数、籽粒产量(kg ha-1)、百粒重(g)等数据进行分析。综合方差分析表明，各研究品种、地点和年份主效应间存在显著差异(P≤0.05和P≤0.01)。籽粒产量和其他产量构成要素在分地、分品种和分地之间也存在显著的互作效应。除株高外，其他性状在不同地理位置间的差异均不显著，表明不同地理位置间的差异相似。Shewa Robit品种籽粒产量最高(1607.4 kg ha-1)，其次是N-26 (1542 kg ha-1)和Beroda (1466.1 kg ha-1)。而Arkebe品种籽粒产量较低(893.4 kg hm -1)。因此，在研究区和类似的农业生态环境中推荐使用Shewa Robit和N-26。
{"title":"Performance evaluation of improved mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties at low moisture areas East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"T. Dinsa, Urgaya Balcha, Fayisa Benya, Mihratu Fufa","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2022.v6.7289","url":null,"abstract":"Mung bean is a useful crop in drier areas and has a good potential for crop rotation and relay cropping with cereals using residual moisture. The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center (ATARC), Lume and Dugda during 2018 and 2019 with the objective to identify adaptable and high yielder mung bean varieties for East Shewa Zone and similar agro ecologies. Four released mung bean varieties Shewa robit, Beroda, N-26 and Arkebe used as planting material. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The plot size was 1.8m × 2.5 m (4.5 m2) having 6 rows and a spacing of 0.30 m between rows and 50 cm between replication, 1 m between blocks. Data’s like height (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to days to flowering, days to maturity, grain yield (kg ha-1), 100 seed weight (g) were collected and analyzed using SAS software. The combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant variation at (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01) among the studied varieties, locations, and year main effect. There were also significant interaction effect on location by year, varieties by year and location by varieties by year for grain yield and other yield components. But non-significant on varieties by location for all traits except plant height and indicated those varieties were performed similarly across the locations. Shewa Robit variety had a higher grain yield (1607.4 kg ha-1) followed by N-26 (1542 kg ha-1) and Beroda (1466.1 kg ha-1). While Arkebe Variety had a lower grain yield (893.4 kg ha-1) as compared with other varieties. Therefore Shewa Robit and N-26 were recommended for the study area and similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133492396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2023.v7.7629
Mahilet Tadesse, W. Kebede, Kidist Tolossa, T. Fikre, Yazachew Genet, Habte Jifar, S. Chanyalew, K. Assefa, S. Mitiku, C. Nigus, Z. Tadele
Tef is the major staple food crop for Ethiopia which is cultivated by more than 6.7 million smallholder farmers. As an indigenous cereal, it is well adapted to diverse climatic and soil conditions; however, its productivity is very low mainly due to susceptibility to lodging. The objective of this study was to identify stable, high yielding and lodging tolerant tef genotypes for moisture stress areas of the country. A total of twenty genotypes including standard and local checks were tested. The field experiment was conducted using a 2m x 2m area with a completely randomized block design at six locations (Debre Zeit, Minjar, Alemtena, Melkassa, Sirinka and Axum) during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. Data were taken on plot and individual plant basis on eight pheno-agro-morphological characters including days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, plant height, panicle length, lodging index, above-ground shoot biomass and grain yield. The combined analysis of variance showed that the mean squares due to genotypes, locations and genotype interactions were highly significant (P<0.01) for the tested eight agronomical and morphological traits evaluated. Based on the current result, 39% of the tested genotypes had a higher yield advantage over the standard check Boset variety. On the other hand, 44% of the genotypes showed higher yields than the local check. Therefore, the promising genotype for lodging tolerance needs further testing in the variety verification trial and those genotypes are used as representative materials to develop varieties, especially for lodging tolerance.
{"title":"Evaluation of selected semi-dwarf Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) genotypes for yield and yield related traits","authors":"Mahilet Tadesse, W. Kebede, Kidist Tolossa, T. Fikre, Yazachew Genet, Habte Jifar, S. Chanyalew, K. Assefa, S. Mitiku, C. Nigus, Z. Tadele","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2023.v7.7629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2023.v7.7629","url":null,"abstract":"Tef is the major staple food crop for Ethiopia which is cultivated by more than 6.7 million smallholder farmers. As an indigenous cereal, it is well adapted to diverse climatic and soil conditions; however, its productivity is very low mainly due to susceptibility to lodging. The objective of this study was to identify stable, high yielding and lodging tolerant tef genotypes for moisture stress areas of the country. A total of twenty genotypes including standard and local checks were tested. The field experiment was conducted using a 2m x 2m area with a completely randomized block design at six locations (Debre Zeit, Minjar, Alemtena, Melkassa, Sirinka and Axum) during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. Data were taken on plot and individual plant basis on eight pheno-agro-morphological characters including days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, plant height, panicle length, lodging index, above-ground shoot biomass and grain yield. The combined analysis of variance showed that the mean squares due to genotypes, locations and genotype interactions were highly significant (P<0.01) for the tested eight agronomical and morphological traits evaluated. Based on the current result, 39% of the tested genotypes had a higher yield advantage over the standard check Boset variety. On the other hand, 44% of the genotypes showed higher yields than the local check. Therefore, the promising genotype for lodging tolerance needs further testing in the variety verification trial and those genotypes are used as representative materials to develop varieties, especially for lodging tolerance.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116891914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.7266
Gerema Amente, Emiru Chimdessa
Browning is one of the severe problems in plant tissue culture that hampers successful in vitro propagation of plants especially woody and perennial plants. In order to control the browning problem, different efforts has been made in vitro such as presoaking of explants in antioxidant solution, incorporation of antioxidants into medium, culturing in the dark period and frequent subculturing of explants. Presoaking of explants in antioxidant solutions like polyvinylpyrolidone (PvP) and ascorbic acid (AC) is one of the most frequently used. Incorporation of antioxidants such as 0.2-0.5g/l PvP and 15-250mg/l ascorbic acid into MS medium is commonly used to control browning in different plants and explants followed by activated charcoal, citric acid, MES and AIP. Moreover, frequent sub culturing and incubation of explants in the dark period is the other alternative. This review article includes the study of previous and current research achievements in a comprehensive way on the different methods to control browning problem in plant tissue culture and suggests further optimization for successful control of browning when using the same or different crops as well explants.
{"title":"Control of browning in plant tissue culture: A review","authors":"Gerema Amente, Emiru Chimdessa","doi":"10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.7266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.7266","url":null,"abstract":"Browning is one of the severe problems in plant tissue culture that hampers successful in vitro propagation of plants especially woody and perennial plants. In order to control the browning problem, different efforts has been made in vitro such as presoaking of explants in antioxidant solution, incorporation of antioxidants into medium, culturing in the dark period and frequent subculturing of explants. Presoaking of explants in antioxidant solutions like polyvinylpyrolidone (PvP) and ascorbic acid (AC) is one of the most frequently used. Incorporation of antioxidants such as 0.2-0.5g/l PvP and 15-250mg/l ascorbic acid into MS medium is commonly used to control browning in different plants and explants followed by activated charcoal, citric acid, MES and AIP. Moreover, frequent sub culturing and incubation of explants in the dark period is the other alternative. This review article includes the study of previous and current research achievements in a comprehensive way on the different methods to control browning problem in plant tissue culture and suggests further optimization for successful control of browning when using the same or different crops as well explants.","PeriodicalId":130104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Agriculture","volume":"1974 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130332237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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