The characterization and design of this study of new liquid crystals with a V shape compounds containing thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 1,3-phenylene as a core unite with mesophase properties were reported. Preparation and characterization of chloroacetic acid, water, and thiourea to produce thiazolidine-2,4-dione [I] in the presence of strong hydrochloric acid. The 4-hydreoxybenzaldehyde and n-alkyl bromide were reacted with potassium hydroxide to create the n-alkoxy benzaldehyde., then the compound [I] reacted with [II]n in presence of piperidine to produce compounds [III]n. Also, converted resorcinol to a corresponding compound [IV] by refluxing pyridine and DMF with two moles of chloracetyl chloride, after that interacted the compounds [III]n and compound [IV] with sodium acetate to form compounds [V]n. FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy were really used to determine the structures of the produced substances. Using polarized optical microscopy, these mesogens' mesomorphic characteristics were studied (POM).The synthesized molecules exhibited enantiotropic liquid crystal phases, the substances [V]1-4 exhibited an only the enantiotropic nematic phase.
{"title":"Design of New V Shaped Thermotropic Liquid Crystals containing Heterocyclic","authors":"Athraa J. Ali, N. H. Karam","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3046","url":null,"abstract":" The characterization and design of this study of new liquid crystals with a V\u0000 shape compounds containing thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 1,3-phenylene as a core unite with\u0000 mesophase properties were reported. Preparation and characterization of chloroacetic\u0000 acid, water, and thiourea to produce thiazolidine-2,4-dione [I] in the presence of\u0000 strong hydrochloric acid. The 4-hydreoxybenzaldehyde and n-alkyl bromide were reacted\u0000 with potassium hydroxide to create the n-alkoxy benzaldehyde., then the compound [I]\u0000 reacted with [II]n in presence of piperidine to produce compounds [III]n. Also,\u0000 converted resorcinol to a corresponding compound [IV] by refluxing pyridine and DMF\u0000 with two moles of chloracetyl chloride, after that interacted the compounds [III]n and\u0000 compound [IV] with sodium acetate to form compounds [V]n. FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy\u0000 were really used to determine the structures of the produced substances. Using polarized\u0000 optical microscopy, these mesogens' mesomorphic characteristics were studied (POM).The\u0000 synthesized molecules exhibited enantiotropic liquid crystal phases, the substances\u0000 [V]1-4 exhibited an only the enantiotropic nematic phase.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86077058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supra nanoparticles ( submicron ) of Chicken bones fibers were used ( before and after treatedwith citric acid solution) as additives to dental composite with the weight ratios ( 1% , 2% and 4%) .The main mechanical tests represented by hardness , wear resistance and compression strengthwas carried out on the improvement dental composites .The addition of treated supra nanoparticles Chicken thigh bones with particles size (300 nm) byweight ratio (1%) to ordinary dental composite resin , significantly improves all of its mechanicalproperties , in addition to the increase the value of the its glass transition temperature from 43C .The techniques X-ray diffraction (XRD) , Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron microscope images (SEM) were used to interpretation all the results that are improvedmechanically and thermally.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT ON DENTAL COMPOSITE RESIN USING Supra -Nano Chicken thigh bone fibers","authors":"Rand Alkarkhy, Widad H. Jassim","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2998","url":null,"abstract":"Supra nanoparticles ( submicron ) of Chicken bones fibers were used ( before and\u0000 after treatedwith citric acid solution) as additives to dental composite with the weight\u0000 ratios ( 1% , 2% and 4%) .The main mechanical tests represented by hardness , wear\u0000 resistance and compression strengthwas carried out on the improvement dental composites\u0000 .The addition of treated supra nanoparticles Chicken thigh bones with particles size\u0000 (300 nm) byweight ratio (1%) to ordinary dental composite resin , significantly improves\u0000 all of its mechanicalproperties , in addition to the increase the value of the its glass\u0000 transition temperature from 43C .The techniques X-ray diffraction (XRD) , Energy\u0000 Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron microscope images (SEM) were used to\u0000 interpretation all the results that are improvedmechanically and thermally.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1857 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86528624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is concerned with the quaternary nonlinear hyperbolic boundary value problem (QNLHBVP) studding constraints quaternary optimal classical continuous control vector (CQOCCCV), the cost function (CF), and the equality and inequality quaternary state and control constraints vector (EIQSCCV). The existence of a CQOCCCV dominating by the QNLHBVP is stated and demonstrated using the Aubin compactness theorem (ACTH) under appropriate hypotheses (HYPs). Furthermore, mathematical formulation of the quaternary adjoint equations (QAEs) related to the quaternary state equations (QSE) are discovere so as its weak form (WF) . The directional derivative (DD) of the Hamiltonian (Ham) is calculated. The necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality (NCSO) theorems for the proposed problem are stated and proved.
{"title":"Constraints Optimal Classical Continuous Control Vector Problem for Quaternary\u0000 Nonlinear Hyperbolic System","authors":"Jamil Amir Al-hawasy, Mayeada Abd Alsatar Hassan","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2992","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the quaternary nonlinear hyperbolic boundary value\u0000 problem (QNLHBVP) studding constraints quaternary optimal classical continuous control\u0000 vector (CQOCCCV), the cost function (CF), and the equality and inequality quaternary\u0000 state and control constraints vector (EIQSCCV). The existence of a CQOCCCV dominating by\u0000 the QNLHBVP is stated and demonstrated using the Aubin compactness theorem (ACTH) under\u0000 appropriate hypotheses (HYPs). Furthermore, mathematical formulation of the quaternary\u0000 adjoint equations (QAEs) related to the quaternary state equations (QSE) are discovere \u0000 so as its weak form (WF) . The directional derivative (DD) of the Hamiltonian (Ham) is\u0000 calculated. The necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality (NCSO) theorems for\u0000 the proposed problem are stated and proved.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77153639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saman Abdulrahman Ahmad, R. M.Salih, Sakar Y. Hama Yaseen Hama
This study was contacted on Orchidaceae, it is a second largest family in flowering plants, comes after Asteraceae, and approximately has 25,000–30,000 species in 750–800 genera in the world. This study included 10 genera, Anacamptis (five species), Androrchis (two species), Cephalanthera (one species), Dactylorhiza (three species), Epipactis (two species), Himantoglossum (two species), Limodorum (one species), Neotinea (one species), Ophrys (seven species ), and Orchis (four species). The name abbreviation of authors of plant names follows the International Plant Name Index (IPNI) (https://www.ipni.org/). Images of type collections of most species were checked on virtual herbaria (https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/search.php) and JSTOR Global Plants (https://plants.jstor.org/). The taxonomic status, geographical distribution, and the conservation status for all taxa were provided.
兰科是开花植物中仅次于菊科的第二大科，在世界上有750-800属，约有25000 - 30000种。共纳入10个属，分别为Anacamptis(5种)、Androrchis(2种)、Cephalanthera(1种)、Dactylorhiza(3种)、Epipactis(2种)、Himantoglossum(2种)、Limodorum(1种)、Neotinea(1种)、Ophrys(7种)和Orchis(4种)。植物名称作者的名称缩写遵循国际植物名称索引(IPNI) (https://www.ipni.org/)。在虚拟植物标本馆(https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/search.php)和JSTOR Global Plants (https://plants.jstor.org/)上查询了大多数物种的类型集合图像。介绍了各分类群的分类学现状、地理分布和保护现状。
{"title":"Morphological Characterization and Conservation Status for the Herbarium Specimens\u0000 of Orchidaceae in Kurdistan Iraq","authors":"Saman Abdulrahman Ahmad, R. M.Salih, Sakar Y. Hama Yaseen Hama","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3031","url":null,"abstract":"This study was contacted on Orchidaceae, it is a second largest family in\u0000 flowering plants, comes after Asteraceae, and approximately has 25,000–30,000 species in\u0000 750–800 genera in the world. This study included 10 genera, Anacamptis (five species),\u0000 Androrchis (two species), Cephalanthera (one species), Dactylorhiza (three species),\u0000 Epipactis (two species), Himantoglossum (two species), Limodorum (one species), Neotinea\u0000 (one species), Ophrys (seven species ), and Orchis (four species). The name abbreviation\u0000 of authors of plant names follows the International Plant Name Index (IPNI)\u0000 (https://www.ipni.org/). Images of type collections of most species were checked on\u0000 virtual herbaria (https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/search.php) and JSTOR Global\u0000 Plants (https://plants.jstor.org/). The taxonomic status, geographical distribution, and\u0000 the conservation status for all taxa were provided.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83528855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules was recently introduced by Omar A. Abdullah and Haibat K. Mohammadali in 2022, where he studies this concept and it is relationship to previous generalizationsm especially 2-Absorbing submodule and Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule, in addition to studying the most important Propositions, charactarizations and Examples. Now in this research, which is considered a continuation of the definition that was presented earlier, which is the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules, we have completed the study of this concept in multiplication modules. And the relationship between the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule and Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing ideal. We also studied more result of Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule in multiplication module. In the end, we obtained new Propositions and distinguished results in studying this concept.
Omar A. Abdullah和Haibat K. Mohammadali在2022年提出了扩展近伪拟2吸收子模的概念，除了研究了最重要的命题、表征和例子外，他们还研究了这一概念及其与以往推广理论的关系，特别是2吸收子模和拟2吸收子模。现在，在本研究中，我们将先前提出的扩展近拟2吸收子模的定义作为延续，完成了乘法模中这一概念的研究。并讨论了扩展近伪拟2吸收子模与扩展近伪拟2吸收理想的关系。我们还研究了乘法模中扩展近拟2吸收子模的更多结果。最后，我们对这一概念的研究得到了新的命题和显著的成果。
{"title":"Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing Submodules (II)","authors":"O. Abdullah, Haibat Karim Mohammadali","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3045","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules was recently\u0000 introduced by Omar A. Abdullah and Haibat K. Mohammadali in 2022, where he studies this\u0000 concept and it is relationship to previous generalizationsm especially 2-Absorbing\u0000 submodule and Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule, in addition to studying the most important\u0000 Propositions, charactarizations and Examples. Now in this research, which is considered\u0000 a continuation of the definition that was presented earlier, which is the Extend Nearly\u0000 Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules, we have completed the study of this concept in\u0000 multiplication modules. And the relationship between the Extend Nearly Pseudo\u0000 Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule and Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing ideal. We also\u0000 studied more result of Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule in\u0000 multiplication module. In the end, we obtained new Propositions and distinguished\u0000 results in studying this concept.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72910073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the synthesis of a polypropylene nanocomposite. The nanocomposites were characterized using different techniques: atomic electron microscopy (AFM), surface shape was evaluated by (SEM),(EDS),(XRD) and (FTIR). The study showed that the platinum nanocomposite had a fatal effect on both strains of bacteria used, as well as on the growth of fungi. The compound tested showed antioxidant properties moderate activity was found. The mentioned material were evaluated in normal cell line HdFn (Human Dermal Fibroblasts, neonatal) and breast cancer MCF-7 cancer cell line , by MTT assay for study cytotoxic effects, morphological changes, all experiments were conducted on cell lines by using the materials alone. The results of the MTT assay showed that the material [PP/ Pt] had a toxic effect on the cell lines, and the toxicity of the materials was concentration-dependent manner where that have higher toxicity on the MCF-7 cell lines than HdFn. The toxic effects of material alone were reflected on cell morphology by appearance irreversible cytopathic changes in the treated cells, which ability to cause cellular death and DNA damage. When there appeared a significant increase in the concentration of nanocomposite , [PP/Pt] nanocomposite have an inhibitory effect on both breast cancer and normal cell lines. Conclude both materials have genotoxic effects on normal and cancer cell lines.
{"title":"Polypropylene/Pt Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization and Study the Cytotoxic\u0000 Effects","authors":"M. Abdulwahid, Nada M. Abbass","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2989","url":null,"abstract":" This paper presents the synthesis of a polypropylene nanocomposite. The\u0000 nanocomposites were characterized using different techniques: atomic electron\u0000 microscopy (AFM), surface shape was evaluated by (SEM),(EDS),(XRD) and (FTIR). The study\u0000 showed that the platinum nanocomposite had a fatal effect on both strains of bacteria\u0000 used, as well as on the growth of fungi. The compound tested showed antioxidant\u0000 properties moderate activity was found. The mentioned material were evaluated in normal\u0000 cell line HdFn (Human Dermal Fibroblasts, neonatal) and breast cancer MCF-7 cancer cell\u0000 line , by MTT assay for study cytotoxic effects, morphological changes, all experiments\u0000 were conducted on cell lines by using the materials alone. The results of the MTT assay\u0000 showed that the material [PP/ Pt] had a toxic effect on the cell lines, and the toxicity\u0000 of the materials was concentration-dependent manner where that have higher toxicity on\u0000 the MCF-7 cell lines than HdFn. The toxic effects of material alone were reflected on\u0000 cell morphology by appearance irreversible cytopathic changes in the treated cells,\u0000 which ability to cause cellular death and DNA damage. When there appeared a significant\u0000 increase in the concentration of nanocomposite , [PP/Pt] nanocomposite have an\u0000 inhibitory effect on both breast cancer and normal cell lines. Conclude both materials\u0000 have genotoxic effects on normal and cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"174 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77465129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we conducted a series of polymerization studies of hexyl methacrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide with (0.1 - 0.4) mol dm-3 of monomer and (1 10-3 – 4 10-3) mol dm-3 of benzoyl peroxide as initiators at 70 °C. Using the well-known conversion vs. time technique, the effects of initiator and monomer concentration on the rate of polymerization (Rp) were studied. An initiator of order 0.35 was obtained in accordance with theory and a divergence from normal kinetics was detected with an order of 1.53 with respect to monomer concentration. The activation energy was determined to be (72.90) kJ mol-1, which does not correspond to the value of most thermally initiated monomers. The observed value of activation energy suggests that propagation and termination reactions have equal activation energy and the difference between them is nearly zero. The average degree of polymerization (DPn) decreased as benzoyl peroxide concentration increase whereas an increase in solvent polarity has slightly increased rate of polymerization value.
{"title":"Radical Polymerization Kinetics of Hexyl Methacrylate in Dimethylsulfoxide\u0000 Solution","authors":"Hala Rahman Noormohamad, Ameen Hadi","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2985","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we conducted a series of polymerization studies of hexyl\u0000 methacrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide with (0.1 - 0.4) mol dm-3 of monomer and (1 10-3 – 4\u0000 10-3) mol dm-3 of benzoyl peroxide as initiators at 70 °C. Using the well-known\u0000 conversion vs. time technique, the effects of initiator and monomer concentration on the\u0000 rate of polymerization (Rp) were studied. An initiator of order 0.35 was obtained in\u0000 accordance with theory and a divergence from normal kinetics was detected with an order\u0000 of 1.53 with respect to monomer concentration. The activation energy was determined to\u0000 be (72.90) kJ mol-1, which does not correspond to the value of most thermally initiated\u0000 monomers. The observed value of activation energy suggests that propagation and\u0000 termination reactions have equal activation energy and the difference between them is\u0000 nearly zero. The average degree of polymerization (DPn) decreased as benzoyl peroxide\u0000 concentration increase whereas an increase in solvent polarity has slightly increased\u0000 rate of polymerization value.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81192866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Moazzam, Hira M. Aslam, N. Tabassum, Emad A. Kuffi
The integral transformations is a complicated function from a function space into a simple function in transformed space. Where the function being characterized easily and manipulated through integration in transformed function space. The two parametric form of SEE transformation and its basic characteristics have been demonstrated in this study. The transformed function of a few fundamental functions along with its time derivative rule is shown. It has been demonstrated how two parametric SEE transformations can be used to solve linear differential equations. This research provides a solution to population growth rate equation. One can contrast these outcomes with different Laplace type transformations
{"title":"Solution of Population Growth Rate Linear Differential Model via Two Parametric SEE\u0000 Transformation","authors":"Ali Moazzam, Hira M. Aslam, N. Tabassum, Emad A. Kuffi","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3251","url":null,"abstract":"The integral transformations is a complicated function from a function space into\u0000 a simple function in transformed space. Where the function being characterized easily\u0000 and manipulated through integration in transformed function space. The two parametric\u0000 form of SEE transformation and its basic characteristics have been demonstrated in this\u0000 study. The transformed function of a few fundamental functions along with its time\u0000 derivative rule is shown. It has been demonstrated how two parametric SEE\u0000 transformations can be used to solve linear differential equations. This research\u0000 provides a solution to population growth rate equation. One can contrast these outcomes\u0000 with different Laplace type transformations","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84559787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This survey investigates the thermal evaporation of Ag2Se on glass substrates at various thermalannealing temperatures (300, 348, 398, and 448) °K. To ascertain the effect of annealingtemperature on the structural, surface morphology, and optical properties of Ag2Se films,investigations and research were carried out. The crystal structure of the film was described by Xraydiffractionandothermethods.ThephysicalstructureandcharacteristicsoftheAg2Sethinfilms wereexaminedusingX-rayandatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)basedtechniques.TheAg2Se films surface morphology was examined by AFM techniques; the investigation gave averagediameter, surface roughness, and grain size mutation values with increasing annealing temperature(75.74 nm–96.36 nm). Additionally, With various variations to the nominal values, the absorbanceand transmittance spectra are further studied and reported in accordance with the wavelength rangeof (400-1100) nm. The findings indicate that the sample highest absorbance value was attained ata temperature treatment of 448 K, whereas the sample highest transmittance was at a temperaturetreatment of 300 K. According to the results, direct transitions were permitted in the under-reviewthin films at optical energies of (2.15, 1.85, 1.75, and 1.7) eV, respectively
{"title":"Influence Annealing on the Physical Properties of Silver Selenide Thin Film at\u0000 Different Temperatures by Thermal Evaporation","authors":"Hiba Mumtaz","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2990","url":null,"abstract":"This survey investigates the thermal evaporation of Ag2Se on glass substrates at\u0000 various thermalannealing temperatures (300, 348, 398, and 448) °K. To ascertain the\u0000 effect of annealingtemperature on the structural, surface morphology, and optical\u0000 properties of Ag2Se films,investigations and research were carried out. The crystal\u0000 structure of the film was described by\u0000 Xraydiffractionandothermethods.ThephysicalstructureandcharacteristicsoftheAg2Sethinfilms\u0000 wereexaminedusingX-rayandatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)basedtechniques.TheAg2Se films\u0000 surface morphology was examined by AFM techniques; the investigation gave\u0000 averagediameter, surface roughness, and grain size mutation values with increasing\u0000 annealing temperature(75.74 nm–96.36 nm). Additionally, With various variations to the\u0000 nominal values, the absorbanceand transmittance spectra are further studied and reported\u0000 in accordance with the wavelength rangeof (400-1100) nm. The findings indicate that the\u0000 sample highest absorbance value was attained ata temperature treatment of 448 K, whereas\u0000 the sample highest transmittance was at a temperaturetreatment of 300 K. According to\u0000 the results, direct transitions were permitted in the under-reviewthin films at optical\u0000 energies of (2.15, 1.85, 1.75, and 1.7) eV, respectively","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81598942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chromene is considered a fused pyran ring with a benzene ring, which is found in many plants and is part of many important compounds such as anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, catechins, and flavanones. These compounds are included under the headings "flavonoids" and "iso-flavonoids." These compounds are well known as bioactive molecules with wide medicinal uses. According to these pharmacokinetic characteristics, many researchers are giving more attention to this type of compound and its derivatives. Many chromene derivatives have been synthesized to study their biological effects for the treatment of many diseases. Furthermore, the researcher displayed wide interest in finding new methods for synthesizing chromene derivatives. These methods depend on utilizing a new catalyst to increase the yield of this reaction or reduce the time of the reaction. On the other hand, new methods were found by using a new reactant and a new substrate. This review will present the most recent important methods for the synthesis of chromene derivatives as well as an examination of their biological activity.
{"title":"A Brief Review: Some Interesting Methods of Synthesis Chromene Derivatives as\u0000 Bioactive Molecules","authors":"Zainab Sallal Abdulsahib, R. M. Shakir","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3180","url":null,"abstract":"Chromene is considered a fused pyran ring with a benzene ring, which is found in\u0000 many plants and is part of many important compounds such as anthocyanidins,\u0000 anthocyanins, catechins, and flavanones. These compounds are included under the headings\u0000 \"flavonoids\" and \"iso-flavonoids.\" These compounds are well known as bioactive molecules\u0000 with wide medicinal uses. According to these pharmacokinetic characteristics, many\u0000 researchers are giving more attention to this type of compound and its derivatives. Many\u0000 chromene derivatives have been synthesized to study their biological effects for the\u0000 treatment of many diseases. Furthermore, the researcher displayed wide interest in\u0000 finding new methods for synthesizing chromene derivatives. These methods depend on\u0000 utilizing a new catalyst to increase the yield of this reaction or reduce the time of\u0000 the reaction. On the other hand, new methods were found by using a new reactant and a\u0000 new substrate. This review will present the most recent important methods for the\u0000 synthesis of chromene derivatives as well as an examination of their biological\u0000 activity. ","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77612122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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