Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660185
P. Vandoren, Tom Van Laerhoven, L. Claesen, Johannes Taelman, C. Raymaekers, F. Reeth
This paper presents a novel interface for a digital paint system: IntuPaint. A tangible interface for a digital paint easel, using an interactive surface and electronic brushes with a tuft of bristles, has been developed. The flexible brush bristles conduct light by means of total internal reflection inside the individual bristles. This enables to capture subtle paint nuances of the artist in a way that was not possible in previous technologies. This approach provides natural interaction and enables detailed tracking of specific brush strokes. Additional tangible and finger-based input techniques allow for specific paint operations or effects. IntuPaint also offers an extensive model-based paint simulation, rendering realistic paint results. The reality-based approach in the combination of user interface and paint software is a new step forward to bridge the gap between physical and digital painting, as is demonstrated by initial user tests.
{"title":"IntuPaint: Bridging the gap between physical and digital painting","authors":"P. Vandoren, Tom Van Laerhoven, L. Claesen, Johannes Taelman, C. Raymaekers, F. Reeth","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660185","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel interface for a digital paint system: IntuPaint. A tangible interface for a digital paint easel, using an interactive surface and electronic brushes with a tuft of bristles, has been developed. The flexible brush bristles conduct light by means of total internal reflection inside the individual bristles. This enables to capture subtle paint nuances of the artist in a way that was not possible in previous technologies. This approach provides natural interaction and enables detailed tracking of specific brush strokes. Additional tangible and finger-based input techniques allow for specific paint operations or effects. IntuPaint also offers an extensive model-based paint simulation, rendering realistic paint results. The reality-based approach in the combination of user interface and paint software is a new step forward to bridge the gap between physical and digital painting, as is demonstrated by initial user tests.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115695355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660198
Johannes Hirche, Peter Bomark, Mikael Bauer, Pawel Solyga
In this paper we present a novel approach to text input on large interactive surfaces using a combination of strategies to resolve the inherent difficulties with text input on such a device. Instead of using a conventional full size QWERTY based layout, the idea is to use a very limited set of buttons that, by using word prediction and hints, would only require minimal finger movement. The input mechanism is somewhat related to input methods employed when using keyboards with a limited size and amount of keys, commonly found in phones and other 10 digit keyboards. Given that the main motivation to this approach was not the limited size but rather to overcome the difficult task of locating keys with fingers on a flat and featureless surface, making touch-typing very difficult and requiring frequent visual monitoring of the finger position, we opted to enhance the interaction with easily made gestures, a layout that adapts to the hand anatomy of the user, and easy control over the text prediction.
{"title":"Adaptive interface for text input on large-scale interactive surfaces","authors":"Johannes Hirche, Peter Bomark, Mikael Bauer, Pawel Solyga","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660198","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a novel approach to text input on large interactive surfaces using a combination of strategies to resolve the inherent difficulties with text input on such a device. Instead of using a conventional full size QWERTY based layout, the idea is to use a very limited set of buttons that, by using word prediction and hints, would only require minimal finger movement. The input mechanism is somewhat related to input methods employed when using keyboards with a limited size and amount of keys, commonly found in phones and other 10 digit keyboards. Given that the main motivation to this approach was not the limited size but rather to overcome the difficult task of locating keys with fingers on a flat and featureless surface, making touch-typing very difficult and requiring frequent visual monitoring of the finger position, we opted to enhance the interaction with easily made gestures, a layout that adapts to the hand anatomy of the user, and easy control over the text prediction.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121736105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660203
S. Izadi, Alex Butler, Steve Hodges, Darren West, Malcolm Hall, W. Buxton, Mike Molloy
In this paper we describe extensions to our work on ThinSight, necessary to scale the system to larger tabletop displays. The technique integrates optical sensors into existing off-the-shelf LCDs with minimal impact on the physical form of the display. This allows thin form-factor sensing that goes beyond the capabilities of existing multi-touch techniques, such as capacitive or resistive approaches. Specifically, the technique not only senses multiple fingertips, but outlines of whole hands and other passive tangible objects placed on the surface. It can also support sensing and communication with devices that carry embedded computation such as a mobile phone or an active stylus. We explore some of these possibilities in this paper. Scaling up the implementation to a tabletop has been non-trivial, and has resulted in modifications to the LCD architecture beyond our earlier work. We also discuss these in this paper, to allow others to make practical use of ThinSight.
{"title":"Experiences with building a thin form-factor touch and tangible tabletop","authors":"S. Izadi, Alex Butler, Steve Hodges, Darren West, Malcolm Hall, W. Buxton, Mike Molloy","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660203","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe extensions to our work on ThinSight, necessary to scale the system to larger tabletop displays. The technique integrates optical sensors into existing off-the-shelf LCDs with minimal impact on the physical form of the display. This allows thin form-factor sensing that goes beyond the capabilities of existing multi-touch techniques, such as capacitive or resistive approaches. Specifically, the technique not only senses multiple fingertips, but outlines of whole hands and other passive tangible objects placed on the surface. It can also support sensing and communication with devices that carry embedded computation such as a mobile phone or an active stylus. We explore some of these possibilities in this paper. Scaling up the implementation to a tabletop has been non-trivial, and has resulted in modifications to the LCD architecture beyond our earlier work. We also discuss these in this paper, to allow others to make practical use of ThinSight.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116944471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660182
David Pinelle, Tadeusz Stach, C. Gutwin
Most tabletop groupware systems provide a single shared display, and users must coordinate access to both resources and space. In many situations, it can be difficult to manage this shared space - for example, it can be difficult to deal with clutter, to partition the work area, to divide the task, and to work with multiple objects at a time. To address these limitations, we developed an interaction technique called TableTrays. It provides users with portable work surfaces that sit on the tabletop, and allows them to temporarily group sets of objects and organize the table area. TableTrays incorporates many of the capabilities that have been proposed for tabletop groupware into a single mechanism. In this paper we describe TableTrays and present the results of a study where six groups carried out a design task using the technique. The results suggest that they can help people manage space, objects, and collaboration in tabletop work.
{"title":"TableTrays: Temporary, reconfigurable work surfaces for tabletop groupware","authors":"David Pinelle, Tadeusz Stach, C. Gutwin","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660182","url":null,"abstract":"Most tabletop groupware systems provide a single shared display, and users must coordinate access to both resources and space. In many situations, it can be difficult to manage this shared space - for example, it can be difficult to deal with clutter, to partition the work area, to divide the task, and to work with multiple objects at a time. To address these limitations, we developed an interaction technique called TableTrays. It provides users with portable work surfaces that sit on the tabletop, and allows them to temporarily group sets of objects and organize the table area. TableTrays incorporates many of the capabilities that have been proposed for tabletop groupware into a single mechanism. In this paper we describe TableTrays and present the results of a study where six groups carried out a design task using the technique. The results suggest that they can help people manage space, objects, and collaboration in tabletop work.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124135346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660199
Otmar Hilliges, David Kim, S. Izadi
We present a new approach for rapidly prototyping multi-touch and object sensing surfaces. It works by liquid displacement inside a malleable projection surface. The system provides both touch and pressure information and a distinct organic quality when touched. The system is easy to build and produces a clean signal revealing multiple fingers, whole hands and other object outlines that can be processed using computer vision techniques. This approach provides an easy mechanism to build interactive surfaces, requiring no infrared edge lighting or soldering. In this paper we provide an overview of the approach, some of its unique capabilities, and uncover some of the tradeoffs between viscosity of liquid, air pressure, surface malleability and the volume of liquid used. Our aim is to allow practitioners - from DIY enthusiasts to researchers - to build and experiment with such systems more readily.
{"title":"Creating malleable interactive surfaces using liquid displacement sensing","authors":"Otmar Hilliges, David Kim, S. Izadi","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660199","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new approach for rapidly prototyping multi-touch and object sensing surfaces. It works by liquid displacement inside a malleable projection surface. The system provides both touch and pressure information and a distinct organic quality when touched. The system is easy to build and produces a clean signal revealing multiple fingers, whole hands and other object outlines that can be processed using computer vision techniques. This approach provides an easy mechanism to build interactive surfaces, requiring no infrared edge lighting or soldering. In this paper we provide an overview of the approach, some of its unique capabilities, and uncover some of the tradeoffs between viscosity of liquid, air pressure, surface malleability and the volume of liquid used. Our aim is to allow practitioners - from DIY enthusiasts to researchers - to build and experiment with such systems more readily.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122480936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660181
P. Marshall, E. Hornecker, Richard Morris, N. Dalton, Y. Rogers
A user study is presented that investigates how different configurations of input can influence equity of participation around a tabletop interface. Groups of three worked on a design task requiring negotiation in four interface conditions that varied the number (all members can act or only one) and type (touch versus mice) of input. Our findings show that a multi-touch surface increases physical interaction equity and perceptions of dominance, but does not affect levels of verbal participation. Dominant people still continue to talk the most, while quiet ones remain quiet. Qualitative analyses further revealed how other factors can affect how participants contribute to the task. The findings are discussed in terms of how the design of the physical technological set-up can affect the desired form of collaboration.
{"title":"When the fingers do the talking: A study of group participation with varying constraints to a tabletop interface","authors":"P. Marshall, E. Hornecker, Richard Morris, N. Dalton, Y. Rogers","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660181","url":null,"abstract":"A user study is presented that investigates how different configurations of input can influence equity of participation around a tabletop interface. Groups of three worked on a design task requiring negotiation in four interface conditions that varied the number (all members can act or only one) and type (touch versus mice) of input. Our findings show that a multi-touch surface increases physical interaction equity and perceptions of dominance, but does not affect levels of verbal participation. Dominant people still continue to talk the most, while quiet ones remain quiet. Qualitative analyses further revealed how other factors can affect how participants contribute to the task. The findings are discussed in terms of how the design of the physical technological set-up can affect the desired form of collaboration.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130637229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660187
D. Vanacken, Alexandre Demeure, K. Luyten, K. Coninx
Multi-touch large display interfaces are becoming increasingly popular in public spaces. These spaces impose specific requirements on the accessibility of the user interfaces: most users are not familiar with the interface and expectations with regard to user experience are very high. Multi-touch interaction beyond the traditional move-rotate-scale interactions is often unknown to the public and can become exceedingly complex. We introduce TouchGhosts: visual guides that are embedded in the multi-touch user interface and that demonstrate the available interactions to the user. TouchGhosts are activated while using an interface, providing guidance on the fly and within the context-of-use. Our approach allows to define reconfigurable strategies to decide how or when a TouchGhost should be activated and which particular visualization will be presented to the user.
{"title":"Ghosts in the interface: Meta-user interface visualizations as guides for multi-touch interaction","authors":"D. Vanacken, Alexandre Demeure, K. Luyten, K. Coninx","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660187","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-touch large display interfaces are becoming increasingly popular in public spaces. These spaces impose specific requirements on the accessibility of the user interfaces: most users are not familiar with the interface and expectations with regard to user experience are very high. Multi-touch interaction beyond the traditional move-rotate-scale interactions is often unknown to the public and can become exceedingly complex. We introduce TouchGhosts: visual guides that are embedded in the multi-touch user interface and that demonstrate the available interactions to the user. TouchGhosts are activated while using an interface, providing guidance on the fly and within the context-of-use. Our approach allows to define reconfigurable strategies to decide how or when a TouchGhost should be activated and which particular visualization will be presented to the user.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134005440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660195
Xiang Cao, Andrew D. Wilson, Ravin Balakrishnan, K. Hinckley, S. Hudson
Many interactive surfaces have the ability to detect the shape of hands or objects placed on them. However, shape information is typically either condensed to individual contact points or categorized as discrete gestures. This does not leverage the full expressiveness of touch input, thus limits the actions users can perform in interactive applications. We present ShapeTouch, an exploration of interactions that directly utilize the contact shape on interactive surfaces to manipulations of objects and interactors. ShapeTouch infers virtual contact forces from contact regions and motion to enable interaction with virtual objects in ways that draw upon userspsila everyday experiences of interacting with real physical objects.
{"title":"ShapeTouch: Leveraging contact shape on interactive surfaces","authors":"Xiang Cao, Andrew D. Wilson, Ravin Balakrishnan, K. Hinckley, S. Hudson","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660195","url":null,"abstract":"Many interactive surfaces have the ability to detect the shape of hands or objects placed on them. However, shape information is typically either condensed to individual contact points or categorized as discrete gestures. This does not leverage the full expressiveness of touch input, thus limits the actions users can perform in interactive applications. We present ShapeTouch, an exploration of interactions that directly utilize the contact shape on interactive surfaces to manipulations of objects and interactors. ShapeTouch infers virtual contact forces from contact regions and motion to enable interaction with virtual objects in ways that draw upon userspsila everyday experiences of interacting with real physical objects.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124584559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660200
S. Sakurai, Y. Kitamura, S. Subramanian, F. Kishino
We propose a novel display technique that presents information with different visibility to multiple users. The system projects information on a screen through a revolving linear polarizer in front of the projector, and it shows information through another polarizer in front of the userpsilas viewpoint. The brightness of the observed information is reduced according to the relative angle of the polarization axes between the two polarizers, thereby allowing applications to provide information at different arbitrary levels of brightness for each user by controlling the angle of the revolving polarizer. By measuring the brightness values of an implemented prototype, we demonstrate that the proposed method is effective. We then describe several example applications showing the benefit of the technique: concealment and classification of information for specific users. In addition, we describe an example of an entertainment application and a tangible polarizer on display.
{"title":"Visibility control using revolving polarizer","authors":"S. Sakurai, Y. Kitamura, S. Subramanian, F. Kishino","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660200","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel display technique that presents information with different visibility to multiple users. The system projects information on a screen through a revolving linear polarizer in front of the projector, and it shows information through another polarizer in front of the userpsilas viewpoint. The brightness of the observed information is reduced according to the relative angle of the polarization axes between the two polarizers, thereby allowing applications to provide information at different arbitrary levels of brightness for each user by controlling the angle of the revolving polarizer. By measuring the brightness values of an implemented prototype, we demonstrate that the proposed method is effective. We then describe several example applications showing the benefit of the technique: concealment and classification of information for specific users. In addition, we describe an example of an entertainment application and a tangible polarizer on display.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114901911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660177
Jun Liu, David Pinelle, C. Gutwin, S. Subramanian
Handoff of objects and tools occurs frequently and naturally in face-to-face work; in tabletop groupware, however, digital handoff is often awkward. In this paper, we investigate ways of improving support for digital handoff in tabletop systems. We first observed how handoff works at a physical table, and then compared the performance of tangible and standard transfer techniques on digital tables. Based on our observations, we developed a new technique called force-field handoff that allows objects to drift between pointers that are approaching one another. We tested force-field handoff in an experiment, and found that it is significantly faster than current digital handoff; no difference was found with tangible handoff. In addition, force-field handoff was preferred by the majority of participants.
{"title":"Improving digital handoff in shared tabletop workspaces","authors":"Jun Liu, David Pinelle, C. Gutwin, S. Subramanian","doi":"10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TABLETOP.2008.4660177","url":null,"abstract":"Handoff of objects and tools occurs frequently and naturally in face-to-face work; in tabletop groupware, however, digital handoff is often awkward. In this paper, we investigate ways of improving support for digital handoff in tabletop systems. We first observed how handoff works at a physical table, and then compared the performance of tangible and standard transfer techniques on digital tables. Based on our observations, we developed a new technique called force-field handoff that allows objects to drift between pointers that are approaching one another. We tested force-field handoff in an experiment, and found that it is significantly faster than current digital handoff; no difference was found with tangible handoff. In addition, force-field handoff was preferred by the majority of participants.","PeriodicalId":130376,"journal":{"name":"2008 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122961621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：