Human pathology最新文献

Systemic ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Insights into morphologic, immunophenotypic, genetic and molecular characteristics 全身性 ALK 阴性无细胞大细胞淋巴瘤：对形态学、免疫表型、基因和分子特征的深入了解。

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105671

Wei Xie , L. Jeffrey Medeiros , Guang Fan , Shaoying Li , Jie Xu

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a mature T-cell neoplasm characterized by large pleomorphic cells, often with horseshoe- or kidney-shaped nuclei and abundant cytoplasm (hallmark cells), and uniformly strong CD30 expression. Based on ALK expression or ALK rearrangement, ALCL is further classified into ALK-positive (ALK+) and ALK-negative types. This review focuses on the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular features of systemic ALK-negative ALCL. These patients are usually older adults who present with advanced stage disease and often a poor prognosis. ALK-negative ALCL is morphologically indistinguishable from the common pattern of ALK+ ALCL, but some cases show non-common morphology, such as “donut cells”, Hodgkin-like features. ALK-negative ALCL is often negative for T-cell antigens (so-called “antigen loss”) and in some cases can have a “null” immunophenotype and be confused with other hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic neoplasms. Recurrent genetic/molecular alterations have been identified in systemic ALK-negative ALCL, including rearrangements of DUSP22, TP63, JAK2, FRK, MYC, ROS1 and TYK2; mutations of JAK1, STAT3 and MSCE; and aberrant expression of ERBB4. Some of these alterations may have prognostic significance and/or provide potential therapeutic targets. Data support the idea that ALK-negative ALCL with DUSP22 rearrangement is a distinctive variant due to its unique morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular features. Gene expression profiling data have shown that ALK-negative ALCL has distinctive molecular signatures, different from ALK+ ALCL and other T-cell lymphomas. Better understanding of the morphologic, immunophenotypic, genetic and molecular features of ALK-negative ALCL will help establish the correct diagnosis, guide therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.

无性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）是一种成熟的T细胞肿瘤，其特点是细胞呈大的多形性，通常具有马蹄形或肾形的细胞核和丰富的细胞质（标志细胞），CD30表达一致强。根据ALK表达或ALK重排，ALCL又可分为ALK阳性（ALK+）和ALK阴性两种类型。本综述主要介绍全身性ALK阴性ALCL的临床病理学、免疫表型、细胞遗传学和分子特征。这些患者通常是老年人，疾病处于晚期，预后通常较差。ALK阴性ALCL在形态上与常见的ALK+ ALCLL无异，但有些病例表现出非常见的形态，如 "甜甜圈细胞"、霍奇金样特征等。ALK 阴性 ALCL 常为 T 细胞抗原阴性（即所谓的 "抗原丢失"），在某些病例中可出现 "空 "免疫表型，并与其他造血和非造血肿瘤相混淆。在全身性ALK阴性ALCL中已发现了复发性遗传/分子改变，包括DUSP22、TP63、JAK2、FRK、MYC、ROS1和TYK2的重排；JAK1、STAT3和MSCE的突变；以及ERBB4的异常表达。其中一些改变可能具有预后意义和/或提供潜在的治疗靶点。数据支持这样一种观点，即具有DUSP22重排的ALK阴性ALCL因其独特的形态学、免疫表型和分子特征而成为一种独特的变异。基因表达谱数据显示，ALK阴性ALCL具有独特的分子特征，不同于ALK+ ALCL和其他T细胞淋巴瘤。更好地了解ALK阴性ALCL的形态、免疫表型、遗传和分子特征将有助于确立正确诊断、指导治疗策略并改善患者预后。

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IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0046-8177(25)00037-1

引用次数: 0

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: Current Diagnostic Insights and Advances 血管免疫母细胞 T 细胞淋巴瘤：目前的诊断见解和进展。

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105696

Nana P. Matsumoto , Mina L. Xu

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), or nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic type, is a rare and aggressive type of T-cell lymphoma characterized by a spectrum of clinical and histopathological features that can present diagnostic challenges. Derived from T-follicular helper cells, the genesis of AITL is thought to be a multistep process involving mutations in epigenetic regulatory genes such as TET2 and DNMT3A, followed by driver mutations in RHOA^G17V and IDH2^R172 which promote clonal expansion as well as a characteristic inflammatory milieu. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of AITL, including its clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, histomorphology and treatment options. Despite advancements in the understanding of AITL biology and the development of novel treatment strategies, the prognosis for patients with AITL remains poor.

血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤（AITL），或称结节性T滤泡辅助细胞淋巴瘤，血管免疫母细胞型，是一种罕见的侵袭性T细胞淋巴瘤，具有一系列临床和组织病理学特征，给诊断带来了挑战。AITL来源于T滤泡辅助细胞，其成因被认为是一个多步骤过程，涉及TET2和DNMT3A等表观遗传调控基因的突变，随后是RHOAG17V和IDH2R172的驱动基因突变，这些突变促进了克隆扩增和特征性炎症环境。本综述旨在全面概述 AITL，包括其临床表现、流行病学、发病机制、组织形态学和治疗方案。尽管人们对AITL生物学的认识和新型治疗策略的开发取得了进展，但AITL患者的预后仍然很差。

引用次数: 0

Indolent clonal lymphoid disorders 无痛性克隆淋巴样疾病。

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105715

Jan Delabie, Ali Sakhdari

Indolent clonal lymphoid disorders are not recognized as lymphomas as they generally need no systemic treatment, and depending on the lesion, need only limited clinical follow-up. These lesions are usually incidentally diagnosed during the work up for other disease. The recognition of indolent clonal lymphoid disorders is important to avoid misdiagnosis as lymphoma and unnecessary treatment. Notwithstanding, some indolent disorders, especially B-cell disorders, may give important morbidity that is not related to disease burden but related to auto-immune disease which may need treatment. Further, some of these lesions may, at various rates, ultimately progress to lymphoma. As such, the indolent clonal lymphoid disorders also give an insight into the earliest stages of clonal lymphoid disease that may increase our understanding of lymphoma, although much needs yet to be elucidated. In this article both B- and T-cell indolent clonal lymphoid disorders are reviewed. Not included in this review are lymphoid lesions that may be mistaken for lymphoma, but are not clonal, such as indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation or marginal zone hyperplasia with immunoglobulin light chain restriction. Further, an emphasis has been given to clonal lymphoid lesions and therefore indolent plasma cell lesions have not been included. Also excluded is indolent lymphoma that may not need treatment but nonetheless requires more regular follow up. One may rightfully argue that there may be a gray zone between what constitutes an indolent clonal lymphoid disorder and an indolent lymphoma. This discussion is reflected in the different terminology used for some entities between editions of the WHO classification and between the Fifth Edition of the WHO Classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC). The former has been used as a selection basis for this review, but cross-reference has been made to the ICC nomenclature when that differs as well as to the earlier Revised Fourth Edition of the WHO Classification (WHO-r4). For this reason, indolent T-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract (ICC: indolent clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract) is not included in this review.

惰性克隆淋巴样疾病不被认为是淋巴瘤，因为它们通常不需要全身治疗，并且根据病变情况，只需要有限的临床随访。这些病变通常是在检查其他疾病时偶然发现的。对无性克隆淋巴疾病的认识对于避免误诊为淋巴瘤和不必要的治疗具有重要意义。尽管如此，一些惰性疾病，特别是b细胞疾病，可能会导致与疾病负担无关的重要发病率，但与可能需要治疗的自身免疫性疾病有关。此外，其中一些病变可能以不同的速率最终进展为淋巴瘤。因此，惰性克隆性淋巴疾病也提供了对克隆性淋巴疾病的早期阶段的见解，这可能会增加我们对淋巴瘤的理解，尽管还有很多需要阐明。本文综述了B细胞和t细胞无性克隆淋巴样疾病。本综述未包括可能被误认为淋巴瘤但非克隆性的淋巴样病变，如惰性t淋巴细胞增殖或伴免疫球蛋白轻链限制的边缘带增生。此外，强调已给予克隆性淋巴病变，因此惰性浆细胞病变未包括在内。也排除了惰性淋巴瘤可能不需要治疗，但仍然需要更多的定期随访。人们可能有理由认为，在构成无痛性克隆淋巴样疾病和无痛性淋巴瘤之间可能存在灰色地带。这一讨论反映在不同版本的世卫组织分类以及世卫组织分类第五版与国际共识分类之间对某些实体使用的不同术语上。前者已被用作本次审查的选择依据，但在国际商会命名法不同的情况下，也参照了早先修订的世卫组织分类第四版（WHO-r4）。因此，胃肠道无痛性t细胞淋巴瘤（ICC：胃肠道无痛性克隆t细胞淋巴增生性疾病）未包括在本综述中。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical use of circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with lymphoma 循环肿瘤 DNA 分析在淋巴瘤患者中的临床应用。

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105679

Bettina Bisig , Karine Lefort , Sylvain Carras , Laurence de Leval

The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in liquid biopsy specimens has an established role for the detection of predictive molecular alterations and acquired resistance mutations in several tumors. The low-invasiveness of this approach allows for repeated sampling and dynamic monitoring of disease evolution. Originating from the entire body tumor bulk, plasma-derived ctDNA reflects intra- and interlesional genetic heterogeneity. In the management of lymphoma patients, ctDNA quantification at various timepoints of the patient’s clinical history is emerging as a complementary tool that may improve risk stratification, assessment of treatment response and early relapse detection during follow-up, most prominently in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or classic Hodgkin lymphoma. While liquid biopsies have not yet entered standard-of-care treatment protocols in these settings, several trials have provided evidence that at least a subset of lymphoma patients may benefit from the introduction of liquid biopsies into daily clinical care. In parallel, continuous technological developments have enabled highly sensitive ctDNA assessment methods, which span from locus-specific techniques identifying single hotspot mutations, to sequencing panels and genome-wide approaches that explore broader genetic and epigenetic alterations. Here, we provide an overview of current methods and ongoing technical developments for ctDNA evaluation. We also summarize the most important data from a selection of clinical studies that have explored the clinical use of ctDNA in several lymphoma entities.

对液体活检标本中的循环肿瘤 DNA（ctDNA）进行分析，在检测多种肿瘤的预测性分子改变和获得性抗药性突变方面发挥着重要作用。这种方法的低侵袭性允许重复采样和动态监测疾病的演变。血浆来源的ctDNA源自全身肿瘤块，反映了区域内和区域间的遗传异质性。在淋巴瘤患者的治疗中，ctDNA 在患者临床病史不同时间点的定量分析正在成为一种补充工具，可改善风险分层、治疗反应评估和随访期间的早期复发检测，这在弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤或典型霍奇金淋巴瘤患者中最为突出。虽然液体活检尚未进入这些领域的标准治疗方案，但多项试验已提供证据表明，至少有一部分淋巴瘤患者可从将液体活检引入日常临床治疗中获益。与此同时，技术的不断发展使高灵敏度的ctDNA评估方法成为可能，这些方法包括识别单个热点突变的特异性位点技术，以及探索更广泛遗传和表观遗传改变的测序面板和全基因组方法。在此，我们将概述ctDNA评估的现有方法和正在进行的技术开发。我们还总结了一些临床研究中最重要的数据，这些研究探讨了ctDNA在几种淋巴瘤实体中的临床应用。

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引用次数: 0

High-grade B-cell lymphomas: Double hit and non-double hit 高级别 B 细胞淋巴瘤：双击和非双击

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105700

Lianqun Qiu, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Shaoying Li

The classification of high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) has continuously evolved over past decades. These neoplasms, as currently defined, represent about 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and patients with these neoplasms are often refractory or relapsed following standard therapy. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of hematologic neoplasms (WHO-HAEM5) has refined the classification of HGBL and recognizes two types: (1) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)/HGBL with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements, with or without BCL6 rearrangements; and (2) HGBL, not otherwise specified (HGBL-NOS). WHO-HAEM5 excluded DLBCL/HGBL with concurrent MYC and BCL6 rearrangements from this category and reclassified them into DLBCL or HGBL-NOS categories respectively based on morphology. The International Consensus Classification (ICC) takes a slightly different approach. In addition to recognizing the two WHO-HAEM5 categories, they recognize HGBL with concurrent MYC and BCL6 rearrangements as a provisional entity. In this review, we provide an update of HGBL and its subgroups, focusing on their clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, molecular genetic features, and pathogenesis. Our diagnostic approach and caveats for differential diagnosis are also discussed with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis with B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.

过去几十年来，高级别 B 细胞淋巴瘤（HGBL）的分类不断演变。根据目前的定义，这类肿瘤约占所有非霍奇金淋巴瘤的 2%，而且这类肿瘤患者在接受标准治疗后往往会出现难治或复发。世界卫生组织血液肿瘤分类（WHO-HAEM5）第五版完善了 HGBL 的分类，并确认了两种类型：(1) 弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）/HGBL，伴 MYC 和 BCL2 重排，伴或不伴 BCL6 重排；(2) HGBL，未另作规定（HGBL-NOS）。WHO-HAEM5 将同时伴有 MYC 和 BCL6 重排的 DLBCL/HGBL 排除在这一类别之外，并根据形态学将其分别重新归入 DLBCL 或 HGBL-NOS 类别。国际共识分类（ICC）采用的方法略有不同。除了承认两个 WHO-HAEM5 类别外，他们还承认同时存在 MYC 和 BCL6 重排的 HGBL 为临时实体。在本综述中，我们对 HGBL 及其亚组进行了更新，重点介绍了其临床病理特征、诊断、分子遗传特征和发病机制。我们还讨论了诊断方法和鉴别诊断的注意事项，重点是与 B 淋巴细胞白血病/淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断。

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引用次数: 0

Burkitt lymphoma 伯基特淋巴瘤。

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105703

Hong Fang, Wei Wang, L. Jeffrey Medeiros

Burkitt lymphoma is a mature aggressive B-cell neoplasm with distinctive clinical and morphologic features, a germinal center B-cell immunophenotype, a high proliferation index and MYC rearrangement with an immunoglobulin gene partner. Initially described in equatorial Africa by a surgeon, Denis Burkitt, African (endemic) Burkitt lymphoma was the first neoplasm shown to be associated with a virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the first neoplasm shown to be associated with a chromosomal translocation, IGH::MYC. In this article, we provide a brief historical introduction of Burkitt lymphoma, followed by a review of all aspects of this neoplasm including pathogenesis, clinical presentation, morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and molecular findings. We also provide recent updates of this entity, including advances in our understanding of molecular pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma and the recent proposal in the current World Health Organization classification that the traditional epidemiologic variants of Burkitt lymphoma are better replaced by presence or absence of EBV infection. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma and how this neoplasm can be distinguished from reactive conditions and other aggressive B-cell lymphomas/leukemias. Given its very rapid growth and the unique treatment approach employed to treat these patients, it is important to recognize Burkitt lymphoma to facilitate appropriate therapy.

伯基特淋巴瘤是一种成熟的侵袭性b细胞肿瘤，具有独特的临床和形态学特征，具有生发中心b细胞免疫表型，高增殖指数和MYC重排与免疫球蛋白基因伴侣。非洲（地方性）伯基特淋巴瘤最初由外科医生丹尼斯·伯基特（Denis Burkitt）在赤道非洲描述，是第一个被证实与eb病毒（EBV）有关的肿瘤，也是第一个被证实与染色体易位（IGH::MYC）有关的肿瘤。在本文中，我们简要介绍了伯基特淋巴瘤的历史，然后回顾了该肿瘤的各个方面，包括发病机制，临床表现，形态学，免疫表型，细胞遗传学和分子研究结果。我们还提供了该实体的最新更新，包括我们对伯基特淋巴瘤分子发病机制的理解的进展，以及最近在当前世界卫生组织分类中提出的伯基特淋巴瘤的传统流行病学变异更好地由存在或不存在EBV感染取代的建议。我们还讨论了伯基特淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断，以及如何将这种肿瘤与反应性条件和其他侵袭性b细胞淋巴瘤/白血病区分开来。鉴于其快速发展和独特的治疗方法用于治疗这些患者，重要的是要认识到伯基特淋巴瘤，以促进适当的治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging clinicopathologic features and genetics in follicular lymphoma: Towards enhanced diagnostic accuracy and subtype differentiation 连接滤泡性淋巴瘤的临床病理特征与遗传学：提高诊断准确性和亚型区分。

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105676

Jan Bosch-Schips , Xenia Parisi , Fina Climent , Francisco Vega

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a neoplasm that originates from germinal center B cells and typically forms at least a partial follicular pattern. Approximately 85% of FL cases harbor the t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH::BCL2 which leads to the overexpression of BCL2. These cases are referred to as classic FL in the current World Health Organization classification [1]. These neoplasms often exhibit hallmark epigenetic deregulation due to recurrent mutations in genes such as KMT2D, CREBBP, and EZH2, with KMT2D and CREBBP considered founding events in FL lymphomagenesis. In contrast, about 15% of FL cases are negative for the t(14;18), which could present diagnostic challenges. These cases may lack the typical genetic markers and require careful pathological and molecular analysis for accurate diagnosis.

This review aims to provide an up-to-date pathology resource on FL, focusing on the pathological and molecular characteristics of these neoplasms. We will detail the diagnostic criteria for FL and emphasize the importance of genetic and mutational analyses in accurately characterizing and distinguishing FL subtypes. Furthermore, we will propose methodologies and best practices for the diagnostic work-up of FL to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

滤泡淋巴瘤（FL）是一种起源于生殖中心B细胞的肿瘤，通常至少形成部分滤泡形态。约85%的FL病例携带t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH::BCL2，导致BCL2过度表达。这些病例在目前世界卫生组织的分类中被称为典型 FL [1]。由于 KMT2D、CREBBP 和 EZH2 等基因的反复突变，这些肿瘤通常表现出标志性的表观遗传失调，其中 KMT2D 和 CREBBP 被认为是 FL 淋巴瘤发生的创始基因。相比之下，约有15%的FL病例t（14;18）阴性，这可能给诊断带来挑战。这些病例可能缺乏典型的遗传标记，需要仔细的病理和分子分析才能准确诊断。本综述旨在提供有关 FL 的最新病理资料，重点介绍这些肿瘤的病理和分子特征。我们将详细介绍 FL 的诊断标准，并强调基因和突变分析在准确描述和区分 FL 亚型方面的重要性。此外，我们还将提出 FL 诊断工作的方法和最佳实践，以提高诊断的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma 细胞周期蛋白 D1 阴性套细胞淋巴瘤

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105698

Chi Young Ok, L. Jeffrey Medeiros

Cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is regarded as a B-cell neoplasm that has morphologic and immunophenotypic findings indistinguishable from typical MCL. These neoplasms lack cyclin D1 overexpression by immunohistochemistry and t(11;14)(q13;q32)/IGH::CCND1. Since cyclin D1-negative MCL was first recognized by gene expression profiling in 2003, there has been diagnostic confusion regarding this entity, mostly attributable to a lack of diagnostic tools to recognize these neoplasms in most clinical laboratories. Accumulated data show that most cyclin D1-negative MCL cases harbor CCND2 or CCND3 translocation with a variety of gene partners. In this review, the concept of cyclin D1-negative MCL is discussed in chronological order to further our understanding of this entity. We then discuss currently available diagnostic approaches and we conclude with future directions. We also suggest that the more specific terms CCND2-rearranged MCL or CCND3-rearranged MCL be used for neoplasms in which the rearranged gene is known, and that we reserve the term cyclin D1-negative MCL for neoplasms in which the rearranged gene in unknown.

细胞周期蛋白 D1 阴性套细胞淋巴瘤（MCL）被认为是一种 B 细胞肿瘤，其形态学和免疫表型结果与典型的 MCL 无异。通过免疫组化和 t(11;14)(q13;q32)/IGH::CCND1，这些肿瘤缺乏细胞周期蛋白 D1 的过表达。自 2003 年首次通过基因表达谱分析发现细胞周期蛋白 D1 阴性 MCL 以来，关于这一实体的诊断一直存在混乱，主要原因是大多数临床实验室缺乏识别这些肿瘤的诊断工具。积累的数据显示，大多数细胞周期蛋白 D1 阴性的 MCL 病例都存在 CCND2 或 CCND3 易位，并伴有多种基因伙伴。在本综述中，我们按时间顺序讨论了细胞周期蛋白 D1 阴性 MCL 的概念，以加深我们对这一实体的理解。然后，我们讨论了目前可用的诊断方法，最后提出了未来的发展方向。我们还建议，对于已知重排基因的肿瘤，应使用更具体的术语 CCND2 重排 MCL 或 CCND3 重排 MCL，而对于重排基因未知的肿瘤，则保留 cyclin D1 阴性 MCL 这一术语。

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引用次数: 0

Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas: Diagnostic overlaps and defining features Epstein-Barr 病毒相关 B 细胞淋巴增生性疾病和淋巴瘤：诊断重叠和定义特征。

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Human pathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105697

Ashley K. Volaric , Yuri Fedoriw

This review explores four Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) and lymphomas with significant diagnostic overlap: EBV(+) mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU), EBV(+) polymorphic LPD, EBV(+) classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), and EBV(+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Each entity is compared for both overlapping and defining features of clinical presentation, morphology, immunohistochemical profile and EBV expression pattern and latency. Our aims for this review are to provide useful guidance to the practicing pathologist in the diagnosis of these EBV-associated entities.

本综述探讨了四种与爱泼斯坦-巴氏病毒（EBV）相关的B细胞淋巴组织增生性疾病（LPD）和淋巴瘤，它们在诊断上有明显的重叠：EBV（+）粘膜溃疡（EBVMCU）、EBV（+）多形性LPD、EBV（+）典型霍奇金淋巴瘤（CHL）和EBV（+）弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）。我们比较了每个实体在临床表现、形态学、免疫组化特征、EBV表达模式和潜伏期等方面的重叠特征和定义特征。我们撰写这篇综述的目的是为执业病理学家诊断这些 EBV 相关实体提供有用的指导。

引用次数: 0