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Prostatic adenocarcinoma identified on transurethral resection of bladder tumor: A clinicopathologic series of a diagnostically relevant potential pitfall 经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术发现前列腺腺癌:诊断相关潜在缺陷的临床病理系列。
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106059
Douglas Jian-Xian Wu, Richard Pacheco, Emily Chan, Alarice Cheng-Yi Lowe, Ankur R. Sangoi
Over the past 2 decades, we have increasingly encountered prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) presenting as urinary bladder tumors in routine practice as well as among consultation/medicolegal cases. Given the ramifications of a potential misdiagnosis of PCA as urothelial carcinoma (UC), herein we explore clinicopathologic features among a large cohort of PCA identified on transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT). A retrospective re-review identified 54 TURBTs containing PCA from a single tertiary care academic hospital (2003–2025). Of the 27 patients with prior PCA history, urologists were concerned for PCA in 86 %, but history/suspicion was only conveyed in 32 % of accompanying specimen requisition sheets. For patients without PCA history, urologists were occasionally (29 %) suspicious for PCA, mentioning this possibility on requisition sheets in all (100 %) of cases. Most tumors were from the bladder neck or base (72 %). Pseudopapillary/papillary-like growth pattern was often seen (46 %). The predominant architecture was solid or nested/corded (70 %) followed by glandular (26 %) and acinar (4 %). Nuclei in most cases were uniform/round (89 %) with prominent nucleoli predominant in most cases (56 %) while the cytoplasm was more often “pale/bubbly” (72 %) versus “dense/glassy” (28 %). Pseudopapillary/papillary-like growth compounded with solid to nested architecture within PCA can mimic UC on TURBT specimens, although nuclear features/prominent nucleoli can be a helpful clue. While clinical/cystoscopic findings (e.g. tumor site) may suggest PCA on TURBT, this information does not always accompany the specimen, requiring confirmatory chart review for putative cases as well as judicious use of immunohistochemistry.
在过去的二十年中,我们越来越多地遇到前列腺腺癌(PCA)在常规实践中以及在会诊/法医学病例中表现为膀胱肿瘤。考虑到PCA可能被误诊为尿路上皮癌(UC)的后果,我们在此探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)中发现的大量PCA的临床病理特征。回顾性重新审查了一家三级医疗学术医院(2003-2025年)的54例含有PCA的turbt。在27例既往有PCA病史的患者中,86%的泌尿科医生关注PCA,但只有32%的随附标本申请单传达了病史/怀疑。对于没有PCA病史的患者,泌尿科医生偶尔(29%)怀疑PCA,在所有病例(100%)的申请单上提到这种可能性。大多数肿瘤发生在膀胱颈部或膀胱底部(72%)。假乳头状/乳头样生长模式常见于(46%)。主要结构为实型或巢状/绳状(70%),其次为腺状(26%)和腺泡状(4%)。大多数病例的细胞核均匀/圆形(89%),大多数病例的核仁突出(56%),而细胞质多为“苍白/泡状”(72%),而“致密/玻璃状”(28%)。假性乳头状/乳头状生长伴实心到巢状结构的PCA可以模拟turt标本上的UC,尽管核特征/突出的核核可能是一个有用的线索。虽然临床/膀胱镜检查结果(如肿瘤部位)可能提示turt上的PCA,但该信息并不总是伴随标本,需要对推定病例进行确认性图表审查以及明智地使用免疫组织化学。
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引用次数: 0
Solid, cystic, and mucinous spindle cell thymomas (WHO type A): A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases 实性、囊性和黏液性梭形细胞胸腺瘤(WHO A型):7例临床病理和免疫组织化学研究。
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106050
Annikka Weissferdt, Cesar A. Moran
Seven cases of an unusual thymoma subtype are presented. Patients included five men and two women, aged 43–57 years (mean: 50). Five patients presented with non-specific symptoms of cough, chest pain and shortness of breath; two patients were asymptomatic. Diagnostic imaging revealed anterior mediastinal masses in all patients and surgical resection was accomplished via thoracotomy. Grossly, the tumors were well circumscribed with focal cystic changes, measuring 2.7 cm–4.8 cm. Six tumors were encapsulated; one was minimally invasive. Histologically, the tumors exhibited cystic changes and solid areas composed of bland spindle cells with scant thymocytes, consistent with spindle cell thymomas (WHO type A). Notably, focal mucinous differentiation was observed, including glandular structures with mucinous epithelium, scattered mucinous cells, extracellular mucin, and partial cyst wall lining by mucinous epithelium. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the spindle cell component was positive for pancytokeratin, CK5/6, p63 and CD20 and negative for CK7, CK20, PAX8, GATA-3, TTF-1, CDX2, STAT6 and SS18-SSX while the mucinous cells were variably positive for CK7, CK20 and CDX2; mucicarmine histochemical staining confirmed mucin content. Four patients remained alive and well at 18 months postoperatively while 3 patients were lost to follow-up. The current cases represent a previously undescribed variant of spindle cell thymoma that may pose diagnostic challenges and give rise to a wide differential diagnosis.
本文报告7例不同寻常的胸腺瘤亚型。患者包括5男2女,年龄43-57岁(平均50岁)。5例患者出现咳嗽、胸痛和呼吸短促等非特异性症状;2例无症状。诊断影像显示所有患者均有前纵隔肿块,并通过开胸手术切除。肉眼可见肿瘤边界分明,伴局灶性囊性变,直径2.7 ~ 4.8 cm。6例肿瘤包被;一种是微创。组织学上,肿瘤表现为囊性改变和由淡色梭形细胞和胸腺细胞组成的实区,与梭形细胞胸腺瘤(WHO A型)一致。值得注意的是,观察到局灶性粘液分化,包括有粘液上皮的腺体结构,散在的粘液细胞,细胞外粘蛋白和部分粘液上皮的囊肿壁。免疫组化结果显示,梭形细胞成分中泛细胞角蛋白、CK5/6、p63和CD20阳性,CK7、CK20、Pax8、GATA-3、TTF-1、CDX2、STAT6和SS18-SSX阴性,而黏液细胞中CK7、CK20和CDX2呈不同程度的阳性;粘胺组织化学染色证实粘蛋白含量。术后18个月,4例患者存活良好,3例患者失访。目前的病例代表了一种以前未描述的梭形细胞胸腺瘤的变异,可能会带来诊断挑战,并引起广泛的鉴别诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Polymorphic central nervous system (CNS) immune deficiency/dysregulation-associated lymphoproliferative disorders show a uniquely aggressive clinicopathologic profile compared to their extra-CNS counterparts 多形性中枢神经系统(CNS)免疫缺陷/失调相关淋巴细胞增生性疾病与非中枢神经系统疾病相比具有独特的侵袭性临床病理特征。
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106051
Frank Rojas Alvarez , Eric I Nayman , Yi-Hua Chen , Qing Ching Chen , Pouya Jamshidi , Karan Dixit , Hamza Tariq

Background

Primary central nervous system immunodeficiency/dysregulation-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (PCNS-IDD-LPDs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of lymphoid lesions that arise within the CNS of immune compromised patients. Among PCNS-IDD-LPDs, monomorphic IDD-LPDs are relatively well studied; however, data regarding PCNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs is very limited. It remains unclear whether polymorphic PCNS IDD-LPDs follow a similarly indolent clinical course as observed in their systemic polymorphic counterparts, or whether the unique immune microenvironment of the CNS imparts a more aggressive disease biology.

Methods

In this study, we compared the clinical, pathologic, and survival profile of PCNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs (N = 15) with extra-CNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs (N = 21) as well as PCNS monomorphic IDD-LPDs (N = 12).

Results

Compared to extra-CNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs, patients with PCNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs showed a significantly stronger association with kidney transplants, longer latency, worse performance status, more frequent monoclonal populations and necrosis, and a greater need for aggressive chemoimmunotherapy in addition to reduction in immunosuppression and/or rituximab. The overall survival (OS) of PCNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs was significantly inferior to that of extra CNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs (median survival: 7.1 years vs. not reached; log-rank p = 0.023) and not significantly different from PCNS monomorphic IDD-LPDs (median survival: 7.1 vs. 3.6 years; log-rank p = 0.852).

Conclusion

We conclude that PCNS polymorphic IDD-LPDs have a uniquely aggressive clinicopathologic and prognostic profile compared to their systemic counterparts and are comparable to their monomorphic PCNS counterparts. CNS localization supersedes the histological subtype as the primary determinant of disease biology in IDD-LPDs, likely ascribed to the immune sanctuary status of the CNS.
背景:原发性中枢神经系统免疫缺陷/失调相关淋巴细胞增生性疾病(pcns - idd - lpd)是一种罕见且异质性的淋巴样病变,发生在免疫受损患者的中枢神经系统内。在pcns - idd - lpd中,单态idd - lpd研究相对较好;然而,关于PCNS多态idd - lpd的数据非常有限。目前尚不清楚是否多形性PCNS idd - lpd的临床过程与系统性多形性PCNS相似,或者是否CNS独特的免疫微环境赋予了更具侵袭性的疾病生物学。方法:在本研究中,我们比较了PCNS多态性idd - lpd (N=15)与额外cns多态性idd - lpd (N=21)以及PCNS单态idd - lpd (N=12)的临床、病理和生存情况。结果:与外中枢神经系统多态idd - lpd相比,PCNS多态idd - lpd患者与肾移植的相关性显著增强,潜伏期更长,表现状态更差,单克隆群体和坏死更频繁,除了免疫抑制和/或利妥昔单抗减少外,更需要积极的化学免疫治疗。PCNS多态idd - lpd的总生存期(OS)明显低于额外CNS多态idd - lpd(中位生存期:7.1年vs.未达到;log-rank p=0.023),与PCNS单态idd - lpd无显著差异(中位生存期:7.1年vs. 3.6年;log-rank p=0.852)。结论:我们得出的结论是,与系统性idd - lpd相比,PCNS多态性idd - lpd具有独特的侵袭性临床病理和预后特征,并且与单型PCNS相当。在idd - lpd中,中枢神经系统定位取代了组织学亚型,成为疾病生物学的主要决定因素,这可能归因于中枢神经系统的免疫庇护地位。
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引用次数: 0
Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma: A clinicopathologic study with recognition of a distinctive reticular histologic pattern. Epstein-Barr病毒相关性胃癌:识别独特网状组织模式的临床病理研究
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106054
Julia Gallardo, Emrah Gumusgoz, James M Mitchell, Suntrea Hammer, Zhikai Chi, Purva Gopal, Dipti M Karamchandani

Existing data characterize "classic" Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive gastric carcinoma (GC) histologically as GC with lymphoid stroma (or lymphoepithelioma-like or medullary) exhibiting sheets or syncytia of malignant cells with prominent intratumoral lymphocytes. This diagnosis has clinical implications, given the associated frequent programmed death-ligand 1 gene amplification, and clear benefit from immunotherapy. However, there appears to be a paucity of published data regarding characteristic histologic features of EBV-GC. We evaluated 19 EBV-GC specimens (11 biopsies; 8 resections) retrieved from 13 patients and found that a unique reticular pattern was identified in 17 of 19 (89 %) specimens, either as an exclusive pattern in 26 %, or as a mixed pattern in 63 % specimens. Most patients were male (85 %), with an average age of 61.5 years, mostly of Hispanic or Black (77 %) ethnicity, and showed a predilection for proximal stomach (69 %). Associated prominent intratumoral inflammation was seen in cases retrieved from all patients (lymphocytic: 7, mixed: 6). Although a similar lace-like pattern has been implicitly cited in association with early stage EBV-GC, we report a unique reticular pattern with intratumoral inflammation that was seen more commonly than widely known "classic" histology and was even seen in association with advanced pathologic stage. We propose that ancillary EBV testing be performed on all gastric tumors with this distinctive pattern, and with other patterns with prominent (including mixed) intratumoral inflammation, to screen for EBV-GC cases, thus detecting patients who may be eligible for immunotherapy with important therapeutic implications.

现有资料将“经典”eb病毒(EBV)阳性胃癌(GC)的组织学特征描述为伴有淋巴样间质(或淋巴上皮瘤样或髓样)的胃癌,表现为肿瘤内淋巴细胞突出的恶性细胞片或合胞体。考虑到相关的频繁程序性死亡配体1基因扩增,以及免疫治疗的明显益处,该诊断具有临床意义。然而,关于EBV-GC的特征性组织学特征的已发表数据似乎缺乏。我们评估了来自13例患者的19例EBV-GC标本(11例活检,8例切除),发现19例标本中有17例(89%)鉴定出独特的网状模式,26%的标本为独家模式,63%的标本为混合模式。大多数患者为男性(85%),平均年龄为61.5岁,主要为西班牙裔或黑人(77%),并表现出对近端胃的偏爱(69%)。所有患者均有明显的肿瘤内炎症(淋巴细胞性:7例,混合性:6例)。尽管早期EBV-GC有类似的蕾丝样模式,但我们报告了一种独特的网状模式,肿瘤内炎症比众所周知的“经典”组织学更常见,甚至与晚期病理阶段有关。我们建议对所有具有这种独特模式的胃肿瘤以及其他具有突出(包括混合)肿瘤内炎症的模式进行辅助EBV检测,以筛查EBV- gc病例,从而发现可能符合免疫治疗条件的患者,具有重要的治疗意义。
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引用次数: 0
Morphologic and immunohistochemical study of HPV-related cervical adenosquamous carcinoma: Reappraisal of a poorly defined entity hpv相关宫颈腺鳞癌的形态学和免疫组织化学研究:对一个定义不清的实体的重新评估。
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106052
Zhenwei Zhang, M. Ruhul Quddus, C James Sung, Kamaljeet Singh

Objective

Current WHO criteria require distinct glandular and squamous differentiation for diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma (AdSq). However, a subset of poorly differentiated cervical carcinoma exhibits ambiguous morphology with diffuse growth pattern. The current study explores whether these tumors belong to the adenosquamous subtype.

Methods

After IRB approval, we retrieved 41 AdSq cases diagnosed at our institution between 2007 and 2024. H&E slides were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for p16, p40, p63, BerEP4, and Claudin-4 was performed. IHC was scored. Statistical analysis was performed with Python packages.

Results

Based on morphology only, out of the 41 AdSq cases, 11 fulfilled the WHO proposed criteria for classic AdSq (cAdSq). Twenty cases were classified as non-classic AdSq (nAdSq). All the rest also exhibited a solid growth pattern, but were reclassified as endocervical (3), endometrioid (6), and squamous carcinoma (1). Histologically, nAdSq lacked distinct spatially separate components of squamous or glandular differentiation. Instead, tumor cells exhibited ambiguous morphology with diffuse growth or, less frequently, in nests, characteristic vacuolated/foamy cytoplasm, pleomorphic nuclei, and inflamed stroma. All nAdSq showed block positivity for p16 like cAdSq. Significant portion of AdSq cases expressed the squamous marker p40 (58 % in nAdSq vs. 50 % in cAdSq). In contrast to pure adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas, 47 % (7/15) of nAdSq cases expressed both squamous and adenocarcinoma markers (p40 and BerEP4), with 5 (33 %) cases showing positivity for all four markers. Similarly, two cAdSq cases (22 %) showed universal positivity for all four markers, though p40 positivity was more focal and weaker in other instances. Despite morphological differences, the overall survival outcomes between nAdSq and cAdSq was not significantly different (p = 0.49).

Conclusions

Many cervical carcinomas with diffuse growth pattern are likely the non-classic AdSq that do not contain spatially separate squamous and glandular components. Immunostaining may help in identifying this “non-classic” subtype of AdSq.
目的:当前WHO标准要求腺鳞癌(AdSq)的诊断需要明确的腺鳞癌和鳞状癌鉴别。然而,一小部分低分化宫颈癌表现出模糊的形态和弥漫性生长模式。目前的研究探讨了这些肿瘤是否属于腺鳞癌亚型。方法:经IRB批准,检索我院2007年至2024年间诊断的41例AdSq病例。回顾了H&E幻灯片。对p16、p40、p63、BerEP4和cludin -4进行免疫组化染色。对IHC进行评分。统计分析是用Python包进行的。结果:仅从形态学上看,41例AdSq中有11例符合WHO提出的典型AdSq (cAdSq)标准。20例为非典型AdSq (nAdSq)。其余的也表现为固体生长模式,但被重新分类为宫颈内膜癌(3)、子宫内膜样癌(6)和鳞状癌(1)。在组织学上,nAdSq缺乏明显的鳞状或腺分化的空间分离成分。相反,肿瘤细胞表现出模糊的形态,弥漫性生长,或较少出现的巢状细胞,典型的空泡/泡沫细胞质,多形性细胞核和炎症间质。nAdSq与cAdSq一样,均表现p16阻滞阳性。相当一部分AdSq病例表达鳞状标记物p40 (nAdSq为58%,cAdSq为50%)。与纯腺癌或鳞状细胞癌相比,47%(7/15)的nAdSq病例同时表达鳞状和腺癌标志物(p40和BerEP4), 5例(33%)的病例显示所有四种标志物均阳性。同样,两例cAdSq病例(22%)显示所有四种标记物的普遍阳性,尽管p40阳性在其他病例中更为集中和较弱。尽管形态上存在差异,但nAdSq和cAdSq的总体生存结局无显著差异(p = 0.49)。结论:许多具有弥漫性生长模式的宫颈癌可能是不包含空间分离的鳞状和腺状成分的非经典AdSq。免疫染色可能有助于识别这种“非经典”AdSq亚型。
{"title":"Morphologic and immunohistochemical study of HPV-related cervical adenosquamous carcinoma: Reappraisal of a poorly defined entity","authors":"Zhenwei Zhang,&nbsp;M. Ruhul Quddus,&nbsp;C James Sung,&nbsp;Kamaljeet Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Current WHO criteria require distinct glandular and squamous differentiation for diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma (AdSq). However, a subset of poorly differentiated cervical carcinoma exhibits ambiguous morphology with diffuse growth pattern. The current study explores whether these tumors belong to the adenosquamous subtype.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After IRB approval, we retrieved 41 AdSq cases diagnosed at our institution between 2007 and 2024. H&amp;E slides were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for p16, p40, p63, BerEP4, and Claudin-4 was performed. IHC was scored. Statistical analysis was performed with Python packages.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on morphology only, out of the 41 AdSq cases, 11 fulfilled the WHO proposed criteria for classic AdSq (cAdSq). Twenty cases were classified as non-classic AdSq (nAdSq). All the rest also exhibited a solid growth pattern, but were reclassified as endocervical (3), endometrioid (6), and squamous carcinoma (1). Histologically, nAdSq lacked distinct spatially separate components of squamous or glandular differentiation. Instead, tumor cells exhibited ambiguous morphology with diffuse growth or, less frequently, in nests, characteristic vacuolated/foamy cytoplasm, pleomorphic nuclei, and inflamed stroma. All nAdSq showed block positivity for p16 like cAdSq. Significant portion of AdSq cases expressed the squamous marker p40 (58 % in nAdSq vs. 50 % in cAdSq). In contrast to pure adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas, 47 % (7/15) of nAdSq cases expressed both squamous and adenocarcinoma markers (p40 and BerEP4), with 5 (33 %) cases showing positivity for all four markers. Similarly, two cAdSq cases (22 %) showed universal positivity for all four markers, though p40 positivity was more focal and weaker in other instances. Despite morphological differences, the overall survival outcomes between nAdSq and cAdSq was not significantly different (<em>p</em> = 0.49).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Many cervical carcinomas with diffuse growth pattern are likely the non-classic AdSq that do not contain spatially separate squamous and glandular components. Immunostaining may help in identifying this “non-classic” subtype of AdSq.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13062,"journal":{"name":"Human pathology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 106052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CDK12 Paradox in Breast Cancer: Loss-of-Function Fusion and Oncogenic Amplification as Dual Therapeutic Targets. 乳腺癌中的CDK12悖论:功能缺失融合和致癌扩增作为双重治疗靶点。
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106047
Chunqing Yu, Fangfang Yao, Dongbing Li, Qing Lv, Si Chen, Huafei Chen, Sheng Xiao, Yuan Wang
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引用次数: 0
Metastatic thyroid-like follicular renal cell carcinoma with EWSR1::PATZ1 fusion: A case report and review of the literature. 转移性甲状腺样滤泡性肾细胞癌伴EWSR1::PATZ1融合1例报告及文献复习
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106049
Pingchuan Zhang, William R Sukov, Loren P Herrera Hernandez, John C Cheville, Sounak Gupta
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引用次数: 0
Primary pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: comprehensive clinicopathologic and molecular genetic analysis of 13 cases 原发性肺朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症13例临床病理及分子遗传学综合分析。
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106034
Yanping Zhang M.S., Enjie Liu Ph.D., Minglei Yang Ph.D., Guannan Wang Ph.D., Wugan Zhao Ph.D., Wencai Li Ph.D., Shenglei Li Ph.D.
Primary pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare entity. To characterize its clinicopathological and molecular features, 13 cases (15 specimens) were retrospectively analyzed, incorporating clinical information, imaging findings, histopathological features, immunohistochemical results, BRAFV600E mutation status, and DNA-based next-generation sequencing data. The patients ranged in age from 17 to 59 years (mean, 30 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 12:1; all male patients were smokers. Computed tomography demonstrated multiple pulmonary cysts in 12 cases, including pneumothorax in 3 cases, and a solitary nodular mass in 1 case. Histologically, 11 cases exhibited classic morphological features, whereas two small biopsy specimens showed subtle nuclear grooves and sparse background eosinophils, leading to an initial misdiagnosis of reactive lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed expression of S-100 (15/15), CD1a (15/15), Langerin (15/15), and cyclin D1 (3/3) in all cases. BRAFV600E mutation analysis was positive in one of four tested cases. Next-generation sequencing performed in six cases (seven lesions) revealed a non-frameshift BRAF deletion in one case, concurrent MAP2K1 and DUSP4 missense mutations in one case, an isolated DUSP4 missense mutation in one case, and RRAS mutations in two separate specimens from one patient. Four cases exhibited abnormalities in genes associated with DNA damage repair. Additional alterations involved multiple other signaling pathways, as well as abnormalities in hematopoietic regulation, epigenetic modulation, and related molecules. At a median follow-up of 23 months, all twelve patients were alive, although one patient developed extrapulmonary lesions. In conclusion, PLCH predominantly affects adult smokers, shows a marked male predominance, and generally carries a favorable prognosis. In cases with atypical morphology, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses should be integrated with characteristic imaging findings to avoid misdiagnosis. Furthermore, this study provides additional insights into the molecular pathogenesis of PLCH.
摘要原发性肺朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症(PLCH)是一种罕见的疾病。为了明确其临床病理和分子特征,我们回顾性分析了13例(15例标本)的临床资料、影像学表现、组织病理特征、免疫组织化学结果、BRAFV600E突变状态以及基于dna的下一代测序数据。患者年龄17 ~ 59岁(平均30岁),男女比例为12:1;所有男性患者均为吸烟者。计算机断层扫描显示多发肺囊肿12例,其中气胸3例,单发结节性肿块1例。组织学上,11例表现出典型的形态学特征,而2例小活检标本显示细微的核沟和稀疏的背景嗜酸性粒细胞,导致最初误诊为反应性病变。免疫组化分析证实所有病例均表达S-100(15/15)、CD1a(15/15)、Langerin(15/15)和cyclin D1(3/3)。4例检测病例中有1例BRAFV600E突变分析呈阳性。对6例(7个病变)进行的下一代测序显示,1例出现非移码BRAF缺失,1例同时出现MAP2K1和DUSP4错义突变,1例出现分离的DUSP4错义突变,1例出现RRAS突变。4例患者表现出与DNA损伤修复相关的基因异常。额外的改变涉及多种其他信号通路,以及造血调节、表观遗传调节和相关分子的异常。在中位23个月的随访中,所有12例患者都存活,尽管有1例患者出现肺外病变。综上所述,PLCH主要发生于成年吸烟者,且以男性为主,预后良好。对于形态学不典型的病例,应将免疫组织化学和分子分析与影像学特征相结合,以避免误诊。此外,本研究为PLCH的分子发病机制提供了额外的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Consideration of the natural history of BCL2-positive follicular lymphoma: based on tumor site, histological grade, and histological transformation rate 考虑bcl2阳性滤泡性淋巴瘤的自然史:基于肿瘤部位、组织学分级和组织学转化率。
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106048
Akiko Miyagi Maeshima , Yuto Kaimi , Yuka Takahashi , Tetsuro Ochi , Shinichi Makita , Noriko Iwaki , Suguru Fukuhara , Wataru Munakata , Koji Izutsu
BCL2+ follicular lymphomas (FLs) of grades 1–3A are defined as classic FL, and duodenal and skin FLs are known as special subtypes. To clarify the natural history of BCL2+ FLs, we analyzed the tumor site, histological grade, and histological transformation rate. We analyzed 2260 FL grade 1–3B samples from 1389 patients. BCL2 expression was positive in 94 % (2115/2260) of the samples, with higher positivity in gastrointestinal (GI) (98 % [duodenum, 99 %]) and bone marrow (BM) (97 %) FLs than in lymph node (LN) (92 %) and extranodal (EN) (93 %) FLs (P = 3.4E-06). Histological grade increased in the order of BM and duodenum, GI (excluding duodenum) and EN, and LN. The histological transformation rate in the same biopsy sample diagnosed with FL was the highest in GI (excluding duodenum) (12 %), followed by LN (10 %), EN (5 %), BM (1 %), and duodenum (0.5 %). No significant differences were observed between duodenal and BM FLs regarding BCL2-positivity rate (P = 0.326), histological grade (P = 0.131), and histological transformation rate (P = 0.408). In EN sites, FLs most commonly involved skin, ocular adnexa, connective tissue, bone, and paravertebra. No specific organ showed a particularly low BCL2+ percentage (range, 67 %–100 %). Because both primary (88 %) and secondary (95 %) skin FLs showed a high incidence of BCL2 expression, most skin FLs may represent one aspect of BCL2+ FL. These findings suggest that BM and duodenum FLs may represent early-phase BCL2+ FL, whereas EN, GI (excluding duodenum), and LN FLs may correspond to more advanced phases.
1-3A级的BCL2+滤泡性淋巴瘤(FLs)被定义为典型的FL,十二指肠和皮肤FLs被称为特殊亚型。为了阐明BCL2+ FLs的自然历史,我们分析了肿瘤部位、组织学分级和组织学转化率。我们分析了来自1389例患者的2260例1-3B级FL样本。BCL2在94%(2115/2260)的样本中呈阳性表达,其中胃肠道(GI)(98%[十二指肠,99%])和骨髓(BM)(97%)的阳性表达高于淋巴结(LN)(92%)和结外(EN)(93%)的阳性表达(P = 3.41 e -06)。组织学分级依次为BM、十二指肠、GI(不含十二指肠)、EN、LN。在诊断为FL的同一活检样本中,胃肠道(不包括十二指肠)的组织学转化率最高(12%),其次是LN (10%), EN (5%), BM(1%)和十二指肠(0.5%)。bcl2阳性率(P = 0.326)、组织学分级(P = 0.131)、组织学转化率(P = 0.408)在十二指肠组与BM组间均无显著差异。在EN部位,fl最常累及皮肤、眼附件、结缔组织、骨和椎旁。没有特定器官显示特别低的BCL2+百分比(范围,67%-100%)。由于原发性(88%)和继发性(95%)皮肤FLs的BCL2表达率都很高,因此大多数皮肤FLs可能代表BCL2+ FL的一个方面。这些研究结果表明,BM和十二指肠FLs可能代表早期BCL2+ FL,而EN、GI(不包括十二指肠)和LN FLs可能对应更晚期的BCL2+ FL。
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引用次数: 0
Targeted RNA sequencing enhances the integrated diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors 靶向RNA测序提高了骨和软组织肿瘤的综合诊断
IF 2.6 2区 医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106036
Harumi Nakamura , Yoji Kukita , Toru Wakamatsu , Sho Nakai , Hironari Tamiya , Kei Kunimasa , Toru Kumagai , Fumio Imamura , Kazumi Nishino , Satoshi Takenaka , Yoshiko Hashii , Toshinari Yagi

Background

The diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors is challenging due to their rarity, overlapping morphology, and limited access to specialized immunohistochemistry (IHC) in routine practice. Because many of these tumors are fusion-driven, targeted RNA sequencing may improve diagnostic accuracy, but its use is not yet established in Japan.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 90 cases of bone and soft tissue tumors, including benign lesions, using the TruSight RNA Pan-Cancer Panel (1385 genes) on FFPE samples. Fusion detection was combined with expression-based clustering. Diagnostic impact was assessed by comparing initial histological impressions with integrated diagnoses incorporating targeted RNA panel findings.

Results

Fusion transcripts were detected in 63 cases (69.2 %), of which 46 were in-frame. Twenty-five cases harbored well-characterized pathogenic fusions that directly contributed to diagnostic confirmation or refinement. Twenty-one cases showed fusion transcripts of uncertain significance, and ten of these were reclassified as likely pathogenic after additional validation. Three cases exhibited complex fusion patterns suggestive of chromothripsis or chromoplexy, warranting further genome-wide analysis. RNA expression clustering distinguished several tumor subtypes and provided complementary support for diagnostically challenging cases, such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma.

Conclusions

Targeted RNA panel testing enabled robust detection of clinically relevant fusions and provided expression-based insights into tumor classification. When integrated with histopathology, this approach improved diagnostic accuracy in rare tumors and offered a practical triage strategy for extended genomic analysis, highlighting its clinical utility in pathology practice.
背景:骨和软组织肿瘤的诊断具有挑战性,因为它们罕见,形态重叠,并且在常规实践中缺乏专门的免疫组织化学(IHC)。由于许多这些肿瘤是融合驱动的,靶向RNA测序可能会提高诊断的准确性,但它的使用尚未在日本建立。方法回顾性分析90例骨和软组织肿瘤(包括良性病变),采用TruSight RNA Pan-Cancer Panel(1385个基因)对FFPE样本进行分析。融合检测与基于表达的聚类相结合。通过比较最初的组织学印象和结合靶向RNA小组结果的综合诊断来评估诊断的影响。结果63例(69.2%)检测到融合转录本,其中框架内46例。25例具有明确特征的病原融合,直接有助于诊断确认或改进。21例显示不确定意义的融合转录本,其中10例在进一步验证后被重新分类为可能致病。三个病例表现出复杂的融合模式,提示染色体断裂或染色体丛状,需要进一步的全基因组分析。RNA表达聚类区分了几种肿瘤亚型,并为诊断上具有挑战性的病例(如未分化多形性肉瘤)提供了补充支持。结论靶向RNA面板检测能够检测出临床相关的融合体,并为肿瘤分类提供基于表达的见解。当与组织病理学相结合时,该方法提高了罕见肿瘤的诊断准确性,并为扩展基因组分析提供了实用的分诊策略,突出了其在病理实践中的临床应用。
{"title":"Targeted RNA sequencing enhances the integrated diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors","authors":"Harumi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Yoji Kukita ,&nbsp;Toru Wakamatsu ,&nbsp;Sho Nakai ,&nbsp;Hironari Tamiya ,&nbsp;Kei Kunimasa ,&nbsp;Toru Kumagai ,&nbsp;Fumio Imamura ,&nbsp;Kazumi Nishino ,&nbsp;Satoshi Takenaka ,&nbsp;Yoshiko Hashii ,&nbsp;Toshinari Yagi","doi":"10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors is challenging due to their rarity, overlapping morphology, and limited access to specialized immunohistochemistry (IHC) in routine practice. Because many of these tumors are fusion-driven, targeted RNA sequencing may improve diagnostic accuracy, but its use is not yet established in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed 90 cases of bone and soft tissue tumors, including benign lesions, using the TruSight RNA Pan-Cancer Panel (1385 genes) on FFPE samples. Fusion detection was combined with expression-based clustering. Diagnostic impact was assessed by comparing initial histological impressions with integrated diagnoses incorporating targeted RNA panel findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fusion transcripts were detected in 63 cases (69.2 %), of which 46 were in-frame. Twenty-five cases harbored well-characterized pathogenic fusions that directly contributed to diagnostic confirmation or refinement. Twenty-one cases showed fusion transcripts of uncertain significance, and ten of these were reclassified as likely pathogenic after additional validation. Three cases exhibited complex fusion patterns suggestive of chromothripsis or chromoplexy, warranting further genome-wide analysis. RNA expression clustering distinguished several tumor subtypes and provided complementary support for diagnostically challenging cases, such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Targeted RNA panel testing enabled robust detection of clinically relevant fusions and provided expression-based insights into tumor classification. When integrated with histopathology, this approach improved diagnostic accuracy in rare tumors and offered a practical triage strategy for extended genomic analysis, highlighting its clinical utility in pathology practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13062,"journal":{"name":"Human pathology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 106036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Human pathology
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