In this paper, a novel backscatter modulation scheme, termed number and phase modulation (NPM), is proposed for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided symbiotic radio (SR). In RIS-NPM, the number and phase shifts of RIS elements are jointly utilized to carry backscatter information. A bit-mapping method is designed by using the two information-bearing units. We develop two types of maximum-likelihood (ML) detectors that are based on instantaneous and statistic channel state information, respectively. A low-complexity detector that achieves a trade-off between performance and complexity is then designed. Closed-form upper bounds on the bit error rate (BER) are derived for both ML detectors over Rician fading channels. We further extend RIS-NPM to the scenario with multiple receive antennas, enhancing the spectral efficiency by embedding partial information into the antenna indices. For this extension, BER performance is analyzed by assuming energy-based ML detection. Computer simulations verify the analysis and show the superiority of RIS-NPM over the state-of-the-art RIS-based modulation schemes in SR.
本文为可重构智能表面（RIS）辅助共生无线电（SR）提出了一种新的反向散射调制方案，称为数相位调制（NPM）。在 RIS-NPM 中，RIS 元件的数移和相移共同用于携带反向散射信息。利用这两个信息承载单元设计了一种位映射方法。我们开发了两种分别基于瞬时和统计信道状态信息的最大似然（ML）检测器。然后设计了一种低复杂度检测器，在性能和复杂度之间实现了权衡。我们推导出了两种 ML 探测器在 Rician fading 信道上的误码率（BER）闭合上界。我们进一步将 RIS-NPM 扩展到多接收天线场景，通过将部分信息嵌入天线指数来提高频谱效率。针对这一扩展，我们通过假设基于能量的 ML 检测来分析误码率性能。计算机仿真验证了分析结果，并表明 RIS-NPM 优于 SR 中最先进的基于 RIS 的调制方案。
{"title":"RIS-Aided Symbiotic Radio: A Number and Phase Modulation Approach","authors":"Yehuai Feng;Qiang Li;Yingyang Chen;Qingqing Wu;Miaowen Wen","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438461","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438461","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel backscatter modulation scheme, termed number and phase modulation (NPM), is proposed for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided symbiotic radio (SR). In RIS-NPM, the number and phase shifts of RIS elements are jointly utilized to carry backscatter information. A bit-mapping method is designed by using the two information-bearing units. We develop two types of maximum-likelihood (ML) detectors that are based on instantaneous and statistic channel state information, respectively. A low-complexity detector that achieves a trade-off between performance and complexity is then designed. Closed-form upper bounds on the bit error rate (BER) are derived for both ML detectors over Rician fading channels. We further extend RIS-NPM to the scenario with multiple receive antennas, enhancing the spectral efficiency by embedding partial information into the antenna indices. For this extension, BER performance is analyzed by assuming energy-based ML detection. Computer simulations verify the analysis and show the superiority of RIS-NPM over the state-of-the-art RIS-based modulation schemes in SR.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the potential of multiple collaborative reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) for wireless-powered backscatter communications (WP-BackCom), in this paper, we investigate a robust energy efficiency (EE) optimization problem for a double-RIS-assisted WP-BackCom system, where a power station (PS) transmits wireless energy signals to multiple backscatter devices (BDs) via one RIS during the energy-harvesting phase, and then all BDs use the harvested energy for active transmission via another RIS. The total EE of all BDs with bounded channel uncertainties is maximized by jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors of the PS and RISs, transmission power, reflection coefficients, and time allocation factors. To solve the challenging problem, an iterative robust resource allocation algorithm is designed by employing the alteration optimization approach, the worst-case approach, the penalty function method, and the Gaussian randomization method. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness and higher EE.
为了探索多个协作式可重构智能表面（RIS）在无线供电反向散射通信（WP-BackCom）中的应用潜力，本文研究了双RIS辅助WP-BackCom系统的稳健能效（EE）优化问题，在该系统中，发电站（PS）在能量收集阶段通过一个RIS向多个反向散射设备（BD）传输无线能量信号，然后所有BD通过另一个RIS将收集到的能量用于主动传输。通过联合优化 PS 和 RIS 的波束成形向量、传输功率、反射系数和时间分配系数，可在信道不确定性受限的情况下实现所有 BD 的总 EE 最大化。为了解决这个具有挑战性的问题，设计了一种迭代稳健资源分配算法，采用了改变优化法、最坏情况法、惩罚函数法和高斯随机化法。仿真结果验证了所提出的算法具有很强的鲁棒性和更高的 EE。
{"title":"Robust Energy Efficiency Optimization for Double-RIS-Assisted Wireless-Powered Backscatter Communications","authors":"Yongjun Xu;Yingxiang Bai;Yunjian Jia;Haibo Zhang;Qingqing Wu;Chau Yuen","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438354","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438354","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the potential of multiple collaborative reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) for wireless-powered backscatter communications (WP-BackCom), in this paper, we investigate a robust energy efficiency (EE) optimization problem for a double-RIS-assisted WP-BackCom system, where a power station (PS) transmits wireless energy signals to multiple backscatter devices (BDs) via one RIS during the energy-harvesting phase, and then all BDs use the harvested energy for active transmission via another RIS. The total EE of all BDs with bounded channel uncertainties is maximized by jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors of the PS and RISs, transmission power, reflection coefficients, and time allocation factors. To solve the challenging problem, an iterative robust resource allocation algorithm is designed by employing the alteration optimization approach, the worst-case approach, the penalty function method, and the Gaussian randomization method. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness and higher EE.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Performance of Rate Splitting Multiple Access for ISAC in Device-to-Multi-Device IoT Communications","authors":"Sutanu Ghosh, Keshav Singh, Haejoon Jung, Chih-Peng Li, Trung Q. Duong","doi":"10.1109/tccn.2024.3438359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2024.3438359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1109/tccn.2024.3435909
Sunwoo Kim, Yongjun Ahn, Daeyoung Park, Byonghyo Shim
{"title":"VOMTC: Vision Objects for Millimeter and Terahertz Communications","authors":"Sunwoo Kim, Yongjun Ahn, Daeyoung Park, Byonghyo Shim","doi":"10.1109/tccn.2024.3435909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2024.3435909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1109/tccn.2024.3435915
M. Karam Shehzad, Luca Rose, Stefan Wesemann, Mohamad Assaad, Syed Ali Hassan
{"title":"Design of an Efficient CSI Feedback Mechanism in Massive MIMO Systems: A Machine Learning Approach Using Empirical Data","authors":"M. Karam Shehzad, Luca Rose, Stefan Wesemann, Mohamad Assaad, Syed Ali Hassan","doi":"10.1109/tccn.2024.3435915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2024.3435915","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1109/TCCN.2024.3432760
Ning Guo;Xiaopeng Yuan;Yulin Hu;Bo Ai;Anke Schmeink
In this work, we study a multi-antenna wireless power transfer (WPT) empowered symbiotic Internet of Things (IoT), where a passive user functions as a relay to assist the short packet transmission from the source to the obstructed user, operating under the ‘harvest-then-forward’ regime. Considering the dual demands of high reliability and high data rates, we formulate a problem aimed at maximizing the minimum achievable rate while bounding the transmission error probability in a two-hop scenario. This is achieved by jointly optimizing the multi-antenna sinewave for WPT, power for wireless information transfer (WIT) and determining the blocklength for both WPT and WIT. Nevertheless, the formulated problem is a challenging nonconvex one due to the practical nonlinear energy harvesting (EH) model, finite blocklength performance (FBL) model, and the intricate interdependencies among the variables involved. To address this issue, we establish subproblems for sinewave design and blocklength allocation, with equivalent solutions that align with the original problem. In particular, we derive an optimal closed-form solution to the optimal multi-antenna waveform amplitude design for harvested power maximization while practically taking the nonlinear EH process and the constraint of single antenna power limit into account. For the nonconvex blocklength optimization subproblem, we for the first time prove the joint concavity of the achievable rate with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and blocklength. By introducing slack variables and employing successive convex approximation (SCA) method, we convert the original nonconvex problem into a series of local convex problems, which enables an efficient iterative suboptimal solution. Finally, via simulations, we validate our analytical model, evaluate the system performance, and highlight the advantages of our proposed design, including the utilization of multi-antenna for WPT and the corresponding resource allocation design.
{"title":"Achievable Rate Maximization for Multi-Antenna WPT Enabled Symbiotic Communication Network","authors":"Ning Guo;Xiaopeng Yuan;Yulin Hu;Bo Ai;Anke Schmeink","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3432760","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3432760","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we study a multi-antenna wireless power transfer (WPT) empowered symbiotic Internet of Things (IoT), where a passive user functions as a relay to assist the short packet transmission from the source to the obstructed user, operating under the ‘harvest-then-forward’ regime. Considering the dual demands of high reliability and high data rates, we formulate a problem aimed at maximizing the minimum achievable rate while bounding the transmission error probability in a two-hop scenario. This is achieved by jointly optimizing the multi-antenna sinewave for WPT, power for wireless information transfer (WIT) and determining the blocklength for both WPT and WIT. Nevertheless, the formulated problem is a challenging nonconvex one due to the practical nonlinear energy harvesting (EH) model, finite blocklength performance (FBL) model, and the intricate interdependencies among the variables involved. To address this issue, we establish subproblems for sinewave design and blocklength allocation, with equivalent solutions that align with the original problem. In particular, we derive an optimal closed-form solution to the optimal multi-antenna waveform amplitude design for harvested power maximization while practically taking the nonlinear EH process and the constraint of single antenna power limit into account. For the nonconvex blocklength optimization subproblem, we for the first time prove the joint concavity of the achievable rate with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and blocklength. By introducing slack variables and employing successive convex approximation (SCA) method, we convert the original nonconvex problem into a series of local convex problems, which enables an efficient iterative suboptimal solution. Finally, via simulations, we validate our analytical model, evaluate the system performance, and highlight the advantages of our proposed design, including the utilization of multi-antenna for WPT and the corresponding resource allocation design.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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