IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics最新文献

Cell culture assays play a vital role in various fields of biology. Conventional assay techniques like immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry offer valuable insights into cell phenotype and behavior. However, each of these techniques requires labeling or staining, and this is a major drawback, specifically in applications that require compact and integrated analytical devices. To address this shortcoming, CMOS capacitance sensors capable of conducting label-free cell culture assays have been proposed. In this paper, we present a computational framework for further augmenting the capabilities of these capacitance sensors. In our framework, identification and classification of mitosis and migration are achieved by leveraging observations from measured capacitance time series data. Specifically, we engineered two time series features that enable discriminating cell behaviors at the single-cell level. Our feature representation achieves an area under curve (AUC) of 0.719 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, we show that our feature representation technique is applicable across arbitrary experiments, as validated by a leave-one-run-out test yielding an F-1 score of 0.803 and a G-Mean of 0.647.

Low-dose digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT) become increasingly popular due to reduced radiation dose. However, they often result in degraded images with lower signal-to-noise ratios, creating an urgent need for effective denoising techniques. The recent advancement of the single-image-based denoising approach provides a promising solution without requirement of pairwise training data, which are scarce in medical imaging. These methods typically rely on sampling image pairs from a noisy image for inter-supervised denoising. Although enjoying simplicity, the generated image pairs are at the same noise level and only include partial information about the input images. This study argues that generating image pairs at different noise levels while fully using the information of the input image is preferable since it could provide richer multi-perspective clues to guide the denoising process. To this end, we present a novel Multi-Level Noise Sampling (MNS) method for low-dose tomography denoising. Specifically, MNS method generates multi-level noisy sub-images by partitioning the highdimensional input space into multiple low-dimensional subspaces with a simple yet effective strategy. The superiority of the MNS method in single-image-based denoising over the competing methods has been investigated and verified theoretically. Moreover, to bridge the gap between selfsupervised and supervised denoising networks, we introduce an optimization function that leverages prior knowledge of multi-level noisy sub-images to guide the training process. Through extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments conducted on large-scale clinical low-dose CT and DR datasets, we validate the effectiveness and superiority of our MNS approach over other state-of-the-art supervised and self-supervised methods.

Incurable Alzheimer's disease (AD) plagues many elderly people and families. It is important to accurately diagnose and predict it at an early stage. However, the existing methods have shortcomings, such as inability to learn local and global information and the inability to extract effective features. In this paper, we propose a lightweight classification network Local and Global Graph ConvNeXt. This model has a hybrid architecture of convolutional neural network and Transformers. We build the Global NeXt Block and the Local NeXt Block to extract the local and global features of the structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). These two blocks are optimized by adding global multilayer perceptron and locally grouped attention, respectively. Then, the features are fed into the pixel graph neural network to aggregate the valid pixel features using mask attention. In addition, we decoupled the loss by category to optimize the calculation of the loss. This method was tested on slices of the processed sMRI datasets from ADNI and achieved excellent performance. Our model achieves 95.81% accuracy with fewer parameters and floating point operations per second (FLOPS) than other classical efficient models in the diagnosis of AD.

Objective: Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease has a complex neurological mechanism. Compared with other modalities, electroencephalogram (EEG) can reflect FOG-related brain activity of both motor and non-motor symptoms. However, EEG-based FOG prediction methods often extract time, spatial, frequency, time-frequency, or phase information separately, which fragments the coupling among these heterogeneous features and cannot completely characterize the brain dynamics when FOG occurs.

Methods: In this study, dynamic spatiotemporal coherent modes of EEG were studied and used for FOG detection and prediction. A dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method was first applied to extract the spatiotemporal coherent modes. Dynamic changes of the spatiotemporal modes, in both amplitude and phase of motor-related frequency bands, were evaluated with analytic common spatial patterns (ACSP) to extract the essential differences among normal, freezing, and transitional gaits.

Results: The proposed method was verified in practical clinical data. Results showed that, in the detection task, the DMD-ACSP achieved an accuracy of 86.4 ± 3.6% and a sensitivity of 83.5 ± 4.3%. In the prediction task, 86.5 ± 3.2% accuracy and 86.7 ± 7.8% sensitivity were achieved.

Conclusion: Comparative studies showed that the DMD-ACSP method significantly improves FOG detection and prediction performance. Moreover, the DMD-ACSP reveals the spatial patterns of dynamic brain functional connectivity, which best discriminate the different gaits.

Significance: The spatiotemporal coherent modes may provide a useful indication for personalized intervention and transcranial magnetic stimulation neuromodulation in medical practices.