IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics最新文献

Cancer registration is a vital source of information for government-driven cancer prevention and control policies. However, cancer registry abstraction is a complex and labor-intensive process, requiring the extraction of structured data from large volumes of unstructured clinical reports. To address these challenges, we propose a hierarchical temporal attention network leveraging attention mechanisms at the word, sentence, and document levels, while incorporating temporal and report type information to capture nuanced relationships within patients' longitudinal data. To ensure robust evaluation, a stratified sampling algorithm was developed to balance the training, validation, and test datasets across 23 coding tasks, mitigating potential biases. The proposed method achieved an average F₁-score of 0.82, outperforming existing approaches by prioritizing task-relevant words, sentences, and reports through its attention mechanism. An ablation study confirmed the critical contributions of the proposed components. Furthermore, a prototype visualization tool was developed to present interpretability, providing cancer registrars with insights into the decision-making process by visualizing attention at multiple levels of granularity. Overall, the proposed methods combined with the interpretability-focused visualization tool, represent a significant step toward automating cancer registry abstraction from unstructured clinical text in longitudinal settings.

Medical imaging has developed from an auxiliary means of clinical examination into a significant method and intuitive basis for clinical diagnosis of diseases, providing all-around and full-cycle health protection for the people. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) allows medical equipment, intelligent terminals, medical infrastructure, and other elements of medical production to be interconnected, eliminating information silos and data fragmentation. Medical images disseminated in IoMT contain a wide diversity of sensitive patient information, which means protecting the patient's personal information is vital. In this work, an Adversarial-improved reversible steganography network (Airs-Net) for computed tomography (CT) images in the IoMT is presented. Specifically, the Airs-Net adopting the prediction-embedding strategy mainly consists of an image restoration network, an embedded pixel location network, and a discriminator. The image restoration network is effective in restoring the pixel prediction error of the restoration set in integer and non-integer scaled images of arbitrary size when information is concealed. The embedded information location network can automatically select pixel locations for information embedding based on the interpolated image features of the degraded image. The restored image, embedding location map, and embedding information are fed into the embedder for information embedding, and the subsequent secret-carrying image is continuously optimized for the quality of the information-embedded image by the discriminator. Quantitative results show that Airs-Net outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both PSNR and SSIM. Further, the qualitative and quantitative results and analyses under specific clinical application scenarios and in coping with multiple types of medical image information hiding demonstrate the excellent generalization performance and practical application capability of the Airs-Net.

As the impact of chronic mental disorders increases, multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) has emerged to improve diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, our approach leverages disentangled representation learning to address modality heterogeneity with self-supervised learning as a guidance. The self-supervised learning is proposed to generate pseudo unimodal labels and guide modality-specific representation learning, preventing the acquisition of meaningless features. Additionally, we also propose a text-centric fusion to effectively mitigate the impacts of noise and redundant information and fuse the acquired disentangled representations into a comprehensive multimodal representation. We evaluate our model on three publicly available benchmark datasets for multimodal sentiment analysis and a privately collected dataset focusing on schizophrenia counseling. The experimental results demonstrate state-of-the-art performance across various metrics on the benchmark datasets, surpassing related works. Furthermore, our learning algorithm shows promising performance in real-world applications, outperforming our previous work and achieving significant progress in schizophrenia assessment.

Cervical spondylosis, a complex and prevalent condition, demands precise and efficient diagnostic techniques for accurate assessment. While MRI offers detailed visualization of cervical spine anatomy, manual interpretation remains labor-intensive and prone to error. To address this, we developed an innovative AI-assisted Expert-based Diagnosis System¹ that automates both segmentation and diagnosis of cervical spondylosis using MRI. Leveraging multi-center datasets of cervical MRI images from patients with cervical spondylosis, our system features a pathology-guided segmentation model capable of accurately segmenting key cervical anatomical structures. The segmentation is followed by an expert-based diagnostic framework that automates the calculation of critical clinical indicators. Our segmentation model achieved an impressive average Dice coefficient exceeding 0.90 across four cervical spinal anatomies and demonstrated enhanced accuracy in herniation areas. Diagnostic evaluation further showcased the system's precision, with the lowest mean average errors (MAE) for the C2-C7 Cobb angle and the Maximum Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) coefficient. In addition, our method delivered high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores in herniation localization, K-line status assessment, T2 hyperintensity detection, and Kang grading. Comparative analysis and external validation demonstrate that our system outperforms existing methods, establishing a new benchmark for segmentation and diagnostic tasks for cervical spondylosis.

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has gained renown for its success in image segmentation, benefiting significantly from its pretraining on extensive datasets and its interactive prompt-based segmentation approach. Although highly effective in natural (real-world) image segmentation tasks, the SAM model encounters significant challenges in medical imaging due to the inherent differences between these two domains. To address these challenges, we propose the Spatial Prior Adapter (SPA) scheme, a parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategy that enhances SAM's adaptability to medical imaging tasks. SPA introduces two novel modules: the Spatial Prior Module (SPM), which captures localized spatial features through convolutional layers, and the Feature Communication Module (FCM), which integrates these features into SAM's image encoder via cross-attention mechanisms. Furthermore, we develop a Multiscale Feature Fusion Module (MSFFM) to enhance SAM's end-to-end segmentation capabilities by effectively aggregating multiscale contextual information. These lightweight modules require minimal computational resources while significantly boosting segmentation performance. Our approach demonstrates superior performance in both prompt-based and end-to-end segmentation scenarios through extensive experiments on publicly available medical imaging datasets. Performance highlights the potential of the proposed method to bridge the gap between foundation models and domain-specific medical imaging tasks. This advancement paves the way for more effective AI-assisted medical diagnostic systems.

Accurate medical image segmentation is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. However, class imbalance and vagueness of boundary in medical images make it challenging to achieve accurate and precise results. In particular, 3D multi-organ segmentation is a complex process. These challenges are further exacerbated in semi-supervised learning settings with limited labeled data. Existing methods rarely effectively incorporate boundary information to alleviate class imbalance, leading to biased predictions and suboptimal segmentation accuracy. To address these limitations, we propose DBANet, a dual-model framework integrating three key modules. The Confidence-Guided Pseudo-Label Fusion (CPF) module enhances pseudo-label reliability by selecting high-confidence logits. This improves training stability in limited annotation settings. The Boundary Distribution Awareness (BDA) module dynamically adjusts class weights based on boundary distributions, alleviating class imbalance and enhancing segmentation performance. Additionally, the Boundary Vagueness Awareness (BVA) module further refines boundary delineation by prioritizing regions with blurred boundaries. Experiments on two benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of DBANet. On the Synapse dataset, DBANet achieves average Dice score improvements of 3.56%, 2.17%, and 5.12% under 10%, 20%, and 40% labeled data settings, respectively. Similarly, on the WORD dataset, DBANet achieves average Dice score improvements of 1.72%, 0.97%, and 0.65% under 2%, 5%, and 10% labeled data settings, respectively. These results highlight the potential of boundary-aware adaptive weighting for advancing semi-supervised medical image segmentation.

Low reliability has consistently been a challenge in the application of deep learning models for high-risk decision-making scenarios. In medical image segmentation, multiple expert annotations can be consulted to reduce subjective bias and reach a consensus, thereby enhancing the segmentation accuracy and reliability. To develop a reliable lesion segmentation model, we propose CalDiff, a novel framework that can leverage the uncertainty from multiple annotations, capture real-world diagnostic variability and provide more informative predictions. To harness the superior generative ability of diffusion models, a dual step-wise and sequence-aware calibration mechanism is proposed on the basis of the sequential nature of diffusion models. We evaluate the calibrated model through a comprehensive quantitative and visual analysis, addressing the previously overlooked challenge of assessing uncertainty calibration and model reliability in scenarios with multiple annotations and multiple predictions. Experimental results on two lesion segmentation datasets demonstrate that CalDiff produces uncertainty maps that can reflect low confidence areas, further indicating the false predictions made by the model. By calibrating the uncertainty in the training phase, the uncertain areas produced by our model are closely correlated with areas where the model has made errors in the inference. In summary, the uncertainty captured by CalDiff can serve as a powerful indicator, which can help mitigate the risks of adopting model's outputs, allowing clinicians to prioritize reviewing areas or slices with higher uncertainty and enhancing the model's reliability and trustworthiness in clinical practice.

The boundaries and regions between individual classes in biomedical image classification are hazy and overlapping. These overlapping features make predicting the correct classification result for biomedical imaging data a difficult diagnostic task. Thus, in precise classification, it is frequently necessary to obtain all necessary information before making a decision. This article presents a novel deep-layered design architecture based on Neuro-Fuzzy-Rough intuition to predict hemorrhages using fractured bone images and head CT scans. To deal with data uncertainty, the proposed architecture design employs a parallel pipeline with rough-fuzzy layers. In this case, the rough-fuzzy function functions as a membership function, incorporating the ability to process rough-fuzzy uncertainty information. It not only improves the deep model's overall learning process, but it also reduces feature dimensions. The proposed architecture design improves the model's learning and self-adaptation capabilities. In experiments, the proposed model performed well, with training and testing accuracies of 96.77% and 94.52%, respectively, in detecting hemorrhages using fractured head images. The comparative analysis shows that the model outperforms existing models by an average of 2.6 $pm$ 0.90% on various performance metrics.

Most traditional instrument pose planning algorithms focus on optimizing the pose of vertical instruments in open spaces. However, there is a lack of research on pose planning for cantilevered instruments in confined environments. In this paper, we propose an innovative method to optimizing instrument pose under multi-objective constraints. The method introduces the concept of a personalized outer outer bounding sphere and defines the safe feasible region for intraoperative instruments based on the Euclidean distance. For optimizing handle orientation during surgery, we propose an algorithm based on a center search strategy, which ensures that the handle orientation solution set avoids interference with adjacent teeth. Additionally, we introduce an improved scheme based on the outer bounding sphere weighted average (OBS-WA) algorithm to optimize robotic arm joint angles, considering multi-objective constraints. One contribution of this study is the development of an improved skeleton-based instrument collision detection method that addresses the limitations of traditional triangular mesh detection in real-time performance. Another innovation lies in solving the multi-objective optimization problem within the oral cavity. By establishing a test system on an experimental platform, this study demonstrates compliance control and safety planning during tooth preparation.

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment planning. Unsupervised segmentation methods that can effectively leverage unlabeled data bring significant promise in clinical application. However, they remain a challenging task in maintaining anatomical structure topological consistency that often produces anatomical structure breaks, connectivity errors, or boundary discontinuities. To address these issues, we propose a novel Unsupervised Topological-Aware Diffusion Condensation Network (UTADC-Net) for medical image segmentation. Specifically, we design a diffusion condensation-based framework that achieves structural consistency in segmentation results by effectively modeling long-range dependencies between pixels and incorporating topological constraints. First, to effectively fuse local details and global semantic information, we employ a pixel-centric patch embedding module by simultaneously modeling local structural features and inter-region interactions. Second, to enhance the topological consistency of segmentation results, we introduce an adaptive topological constraint mechanism that guides the network to learn anatomically aligned structural representations through pixel-level topological relationships and corresponding loss functions. Extensive experiments conducted on three public medical image datasets demonstrate that our proposed UTADC-Net significantly outperforms existing unsupervised methods in terms of segmentation accuracy and topological structure preservation. Notably, our method demonstrates segmentation results with excellent anatomical structural consistency. These results indicate that our framework provides a novel and practical solution for unsupervised medical image segmentation.