Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710033
Finocchio Brittany, H. Wanda
{"title":"Use of Objective Rating Scales for Generalized Anxiety by Psychiatry Specialists in Pediatric Populations","authors":"Finocchio Brittany, H. Wanda","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114304204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710036
A. Nazanin, Nwachuku Ijeuma
{"title":"Can Deep Brain Stimulation Be a Promising Treatment for Treatment-Resistant Depression?","authors":"A. Nazanin, Nwachuku Ijeuma","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133778710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710037
King Alan R
{"title":"Childhood Adversity and Attempted Suicide Prior to Adulthood","authors":"King Alan R","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114346178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710035
Yadav Adhishri
{"title":"Use of Warmth for the Treatment of Blues","authors":"Yadav Adhishri","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124252993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710032
Reiner Courtenay Stewart
{"title":"Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Reiner Courtenay Stewart","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128331527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710028
J. Seb-Akahomen Omonefe, O. Okogbenin Esther, M. Obagaye Olukunle, O. Erohubie Paul, E. Aweh Benjamin
{"title":"Anxiety Symptomatology and Patterns of Coping amongst Medical Doctors and Nurses in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"J. Seb-Akahomen Omonefe, O. Okogbenin Esther, M. Obagaye Olukunle, O. Erohubie Paul, E. Aweh Benjamin","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124670476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710027
Şen Deniz Ecem
{"title":"The Rise of Anxiety Disorders: Islamic Understanding of Anxiety and Muslim Scholar's Suggestions to Cope with Distress and Achieve Happiness","authors":"Şen Deniz Ecem","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129574693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710026
Kim Evan K, Munro Timothy
Physical activity has been shown to be associated with improved physical and mental health conditions and can reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents. While the underlying mechanisms thought to mediate the relation between physical activity and depressive symptoms have not been well-established, the current study investigated the association of physical activity with depressive symptoms and whether this relationship would be explained by obesity and experiencing school bullying. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the data drawn from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey including a nationally-representative sample of U.S. high school students (N = 13677, Female N = 6885 (49.4%)). Self-report measures of physical activity (i.e., Youths’ participation in vigorous physical activity, physical education, and sports teams, score range = 0-3), depressive symptoms (yes/no), school bullying experience (yes/no), and obesity (yes/no) were used to conduct a series of binary logistic regression models. Among the total sample of 9th-12th graders, 44.1% of students reported that they were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days per week, and half of the participants were involved in physical education programs (52.2%) and 1 or more sports teams (57.4%). Regarding depressive symptoms, 36.7% of students reported feeling sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row during the path 12 months. After controlling the student’s sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, grade), higher levels of physical activity significantly decreased the odds of depressive symptoms by 16.4% (OR = 0.836; 95% CI = 0.805, 0.868; p < 0.001) as well as being obese by 20.2% (OR = 0.798; 95% CI = 0.757, 0.841; p < 0.001) and being bullied at school by 5.3% (OR = 0.947; 95% CI = 0.905, 0.991; p = 0.019). In a subsequent analysis including obesity and school bullying as simultaneous regressors with physical activity, the magnitude of the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms was attenuated (OR = 0.825; 95% CI = 0.791, 0.860; p < 0.001), and obesity (OR = 1.276; 95% CI = 1.137, 1.431; p < 0.001) and school bullying (OR = 3.572, 95% CI = 3.231, 3.948; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that physical activity is inversely related to depressive symptoms and may help to mitigate the negative effects of mood disorders among adolescents via biological and psychosocial processes (i.e., obesity, school bullying). Elucidating the processes underpinning the effects of physical activity on depressive symptoms among adolescents may provide the necessary impetus for schools and policy makers to prioritize the promotion of physical activity.
体育活动已被证明与改善身心健康状况有关，并可减少青少年出现抑郁症状的风险。虽然体育活动与抑郁症状之间的潜在机制尚未得到证实，但目前的研究调查了体育活动与抑郁症状之间的关系，以及这种关系是否可以用肥胖和经历校园欺凌来解释。本研究是对2019年青少年风险行为调查数据的横断面分析，其中包括具有全国代表性的美国高中生样本(N = 13677，女性N = 6885(49.4%))。身体活动(即青少年参与剧烈体育活动、体育教育和运动队，得分范围= 0-3)、抑郁症状(是/否)、校园欺凌经历(是/否)和肥胖(是/否)的自我报告测量方法被用于进行一系列二元logistic回归模型。在9 -12年级的总样本中，44.1%的学生报告说他们每周有5天或更多天每天至少运动60分钟，一半的参与者参加体育课程(52.2%)和一个或多个运动队(57.4%)。关于抑郁症状，36.7%的学生报告说，在12个月的时间里，连续两周或更长时间，几乎每天都感到悲伤或绝望。在控制了学生的社会人口学因素(即年龄、性别、种族/民族、年级)后，较高水平的体育活动显著降低了抑郁症状的几率16.4% (OR = 0.836;95% ci = 0.805, 0.868;p < 0.001)，肥胖率为20.2% (OR = 0.798;95% ci = 0.757, 0.841;p < 0.001)，在学校受欺负的比例为5.3% (OR = 0.947;95% ci = 0.905, 0.991;P = 0.019)。在随后的分析中，包括肥胖和校园欺凌作为与体育活动同时回归的因素，体育活动与抑郁症状之间的相关性减弱了(OR = 0.825;95% ci = 0.791, 0.860;p < 0.001)和肥胖(OR = 1.276;95% ci = 1.137, 1.431;p < 0.001)和校园欺凌(OR = 3.572, 95% CI = 3.231, 3.948;P < 0.001)与抑郁症状发生率增加显著相关。这些发现表明，体育活动与抑郁症状呈负相关，可能有助于通过生物和社会心理过程(即肥胖、校园欺凌)减轻青少年情绪障碍的负面影响。阐明身体活动对青少年抑郁症状影响的过程可能为学校和政策制定者优先考虑促进身体活动提供必要的动力。
{"title":"Associations between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms through Obesity and School Bullying among Adolescents","authors":"Kim Evan K, Munro Timothy","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710026","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity has been shown to be associated with improved physical and mental health conditions and can reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents. While the underlying mechanisms thought to mediate the relation between physical activity and depressive symptoms have not been well-established, the current study investigated the association of physical activity with depressive symptoms and whether this relationship would be explained by obesity and experiencing school bullying. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the data drawn from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey including a nationally-representative sample of U.S. high school students (N = 13677, Female N = 6885 (49.4%)). Self-report measures of physical activity (i.e., Youths’ participation in vigorous physical activity, physical education, and sports teams, score range = 0-3), depressive symptoms (yes/no), school bullying experience (yes/no), and obesity (yes/no) were used to conduct a series of binary logistic regression models. Among the total sample of 9th-12th graders, 44.1% of students reported that they were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days per week, and half of the participants were involved in physical education programs (52.2%) and 1 or more sports teams (57.4%). Regarding depressive symptoms, 36.7% of students reported feeling sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row during the path 12 months. After controlling the student’s sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, grade), higher levels of physical activity significantly decreased the odds of depressive symptoms by 16.4% (OR = 0.836; 95% CI = 0.805, 0.868; p < 0.001) as well as being obese by 20.2% (OR = 0.798; 95% CI = 0.757, 0.841; p < 0.001) and being bullied at school by 5.3% (OR = 0.947; 95% CI = 0.905, 0.991; p = 0.019). In a subsequent analysis including obesity and school bullying as simultaneous regressors with physical activity, the magnitude of the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms was attenuated (OR = 0.825; 95% CI = 0.791, 0.860; p < 0.001), and obesity (OR = 1.276; 95% CI = 1.137, 1.431; p < 0.001) and school bullying (OR = 3.572, 95% CI = 3.231, 3.948; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that physical activity is inversely related to depressive symptoms and may help to mitigate the negative effects of mood disorders among adolescents via biological and psychosocial processes (i.e., obesity, school bullying). Elucidating the processes underpinning the effects of physical activity on depressive symptoms among adolescents may provide the necessary impetus for schools and policy makers to prioritize the promotion of physical activity.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124583875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710025
Shoshani Abraham
Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders in Israel. Current pharmacological treatments are frequently insufficient in reducing symptoms, particularly for treatment resistant depression and anxiety. Considerable evidence has accumulated in clinical settings and research studies both with animals and humans that has implicated the involvement of the primary and secondary somatosensory and insular cortices with the regulation of emotions. Awareness deficits and irregularities of sensory experiences in the form of decreased interoceptive awareness and accuracy in both depression and anxiety have been linked to symptomology and symptom intensity which has this why this area should be a target for intervention. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research on the effects of discriminatory somatosensory tactile stimulation on symptoms of depression and anxiety. The current pilot study aims to examine the efficacy and safety of the Repetitive Triggered Somatosensory Discrimination Device (RTSDD) in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Methods: The present open-label pilot study included 30 outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to the DSM-V. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21 (HDRS-21), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) as well as the Vision Analog Scale (VAS) for anxiety and depression were used for the evaluation of the severity of symptoms. A specialized device was developed called the Repetitive Triggered Somatosensory Discrimination Device (RTSDD) was utilized that provides tactile vibratory signals to the skin, foot, hand or palm at varying intensities. The device was linked to a computer program that controlled the gradual increase of somatosensory discrimination during each of the total 8 sessions of treatment. Results: Out of 30 participants, 21 (70%) completed the trial. The mean general severity of depression (HDRS-21) was reduced from 19.48 (SD = 5.49) at baseline to 14.86 (SD = 8.29) at week 4 and to 12.67 (SD = 8.20) at week 8. The reductions were found to be statistically significant for all measurements (F (2,40) = 9.756, P < 0.001). The mean level of anxiety (HAM-A) was reduced from 26.09 (SD = 9.59) to 22.95 (SD = 12.55) at week 4 and to 19.19 (SD = 11.57) at the final stage (F (2,40) = 5.796, P = 0.006). The mean VAS Depression level was significantly reduced from 53.15 (SD = 24.52) at the beginning of each session to 43.84 (SD = 24.49) at the completion of each session (t (29) = 4.028, P < 0.001). The VAS Anxiety level was also subsequently significantly reduced from 53.62 to 42.47 (t (29) = 4.537, P < 0.001). Limitations: The study was an open-label design with no control or placebo group and a relatively small number of participants. Conclusions: The current study provides proof of concept for the use of the RTSDD in the treatment of depression and anxiety.
{"title":"Repetitive Triggered Somatosensory Discrimination as a Potential Treatment for Treatment Resistant Depression and Anxiety: A Pilot Study","authors":"Shoshani Abraham","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders in Israel. Current pharmacological treatments are frequently insufficient in reducing symptoms, particularly for treatment resistant depression and anxiety. Considerable evidence has accumulated in clinical settings and research studies both with animals and humans that has implicated the involvement of the primary and secondary somatosensory and insular cortices with the regulation of emotions. Awareness deficits and irregularities of sensory experiences in the form of decreased interoceptive awareness and accuracy in both depression and anxiety have been linked to symptomology and symptom intensity which has this why this area should be a target for intervention. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research on the effects of discriminatory somatosensory tactile stimulation on symptoms of depression and anxiety. The current pilot study aims to examine the efficacy and safety of the Repetitive Triggered Somatosensory Discrimination Device (RTSDD) in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Methods: The present open-label pilot study included 30 outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to the DSM-V. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21 (HDRS-21), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) as well as the Vision Analog Scale (VAS) for anxiety and depression were used for the evaluation of the severity of symptoms. A specialized device was developed called the Repetitive Triggered Somatosensory Discrimination Device (RTSDD) was utilized that provides tactile vibratory signals to the skin, foot, hand or palm at varying intensities. The device was linked to a computer program that controlled the gradual increase of somatosensory discrimination during each of the total 8 sessions of treatment. Results: Out of 30 participants, 21 (70%) completed the trial. The mean general severity of depression (HDRS-21) was reduced from 19.48 (SD = 5.49) at baseline to 14.86 (SD = 8.29) at week 4 and to 12.67 (SD = 8.20) at week 8. The reductions were found to be statistically significant for all measurements (F (2,40) = 9.756, P < 0.001). The mean level of anxiety (HAM-A) was reduced from 26.09 (SD = 9.59) to 22.95 (SD = 12.55) at week 4 and to 19.19 (SD = 11.57) at the final stage (F (2,40) = 5.796, P = 0.006). The mean VAS Depression level was significantly reduced from 53.15 (SD = 24.52) at the beginning of each session to 43.84 (SD = 24.49) at the completion of each session (t (29) = 4.028, P < 0.001). The VAS Anxiety level was also subsequently significantly reduced from 53.62 to 42.47 (t (29) = 4.537, P < 0.001). Limitations: The study was an open-label design with no control or placebo group and a relatively small number of participants. Conclusions: The current study provides proof of concept for the use of the RTSDD in the treatment of depression and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"143 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113987872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710024
Iodice Jo A, Malouff John M, Schutte Nicola S
Many studies have explored the association between gratitude and depression, but no meta-analysis has been reported. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to fill that gap. The meta-analysis synthesized the association in 70 reported effect sizes from 62 published and unpublished articles, involving a total of 26,427 child, adolescent, and adult participants. The studies were completed by different research teams, using different samples, different measures, and various correlational research designs. The results showed a significant association between gratitude and depression, r = -0.39 (95% confidence intervals -0.44, -0.34), indicating that individuals who experience more gratitude have lower levels of depression. The results did not vary significantly with the measure of gratitude or depression used, whether the study was longitudinal or cross-sectional, the age of participants or the percentage of female participants, suggesting a robust connection between higher levels of gratitude and lower levels of depression. The findings show a substantial association between gratitude and depression. The association provides a reason to explore further the effects of gratitudefocused interventions as a method to alleviate depression and to prevent the development of depression.
{"title":"The Association between Gratitude and Depression: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Iodice Jo A, Malouff John M, Schutte Nicola S","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710024","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have explored the association between gratitude and depression, but no meta-analysis has been reported. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to fill that gap. The meta-analysis synthesized the association in 70 reported effect sizes from 62 published and unpublished articles, involving a total of 26,427 child, adolescent, and adult participants. The studies were completed by different research teams, using different samples, different measures, and various correlational research designs. The results showed a significant association between gratitude and depression, r = -0.39 (95% confidence intervals -0.44, -0.34), indicating that individuals who experience more gratitude have lower levels of depression. The results did not vary significantly with the measure of gratitude or depression used, whether the study was longitudinal or cross-sectional, the age of participants or the percentage of female participants, suggesting a robust connection between higher levels of gratitude and lower levels of depression. The findings show a substantial association between gratitude and depression. The association provides a reason to explore further the effects of gratitudefocused interventions as a method to alleviate depression and to prevent the development of depression.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129234371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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