Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/ijda-2017/1710006
Maloney William J
{"title":"The Health Effects of the Abuse of Ketamine","authors":"Maloney William J","doi":"10.23937/ijda-2017/1710006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/ijda-2017/1710006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"11 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/ijda-2017/1710005
Greco Alessandro, Destefani Anna
Background: The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is involved in the response to various emotional stimuli like anxiety, stress, and the sense of wellbeing. As a control system the ANS plays a variety of roles in humans, including regulation of the cardiac function, which can be studied by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). HRV coherence has been associated with a sense of wellbeing, along with enhanced cognitive, social, and physical performance. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) are used in a variety of clinical areas, however very little is known to date about the functional mechanisms involved in vivo . An interaction with the ANS is one of the possible ways in which the effects of ELF-EMF therapy are modulated in liv ing systems. ANS electromagnetic configurations meas uring the HRV using a HeartMath® EmWave® in age were recruited and divided into two groups (treatment group µ and control group λ). After measuring the baseline HRV coherence state (ω) the subjects in group µ were as sessed during administration of 5 different ELF-EMF configu rations from a SEQEX® device, all at the same intensity of 20 μT (the name attributed to the configuration is in brackets) for a duration of 3 min. each: 1-3 Hz (δ), 4-8 Hz (θ), 9-13 Hz (α), 15-29 Hz (β), and 31-56 Hz (γ). The subjects in group λ were measured in the same way and the same number of times. Results: The initial coherence values ω were comparable be tween the two groups (µ: 36%, λ: 36.39%). Under the 1-3 Hz (δ) and 15-29 Hz (β) treatment configurations, group µ had an average HRV coherence of 46.26% and 47.26% respec-tively, while group λ had 38.13% and 37.39% respectively, representing a significant increase in HRV coherence under treatment (p δ = 0.035 and p β = 0.046). Conclusions: The ANS appears to be sensitive in a frequency dependent manner to treatment with ELF-EMF. This is very important, if confirmed in further studies, not only for better understanding the mechanism of action of ELF-EMF on complex biological systems, but more impor tantly for therapeutic purposes under different levels of psy-chopathological discomfort like stress and anxiety, as well as for modulating perceived pain and organ dysregulation.
{"title":"Effects of Non-Focused Elf-Emf Treatment on Hrv: Preliminary Study","authors":"Greco Alessandro, Destefani Anna","doi":"10.23937/ijda-2017/1710005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/ijda-2017/1710005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is involved in the response to various emotional stimuli like anxiety, stress, and the sense of wellbeing. As a control system the ANS plays a variety of roles in humans, including regulation of the cardiac function, which can be studied by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). HRV coherence has been associated with a sense of wellbeing, along with enhanced cognitive, social, and physical performance. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) are used in a variety of clinical areas, however very little is known to date about the functional mechanisms involved in vivo . An interaction with the ANS is one of the possible ways in which the effects of ELF-EMF therapy are modulated in liv ing systems. ANS electromagnetic configurations meas uring the HRV using a HeartMath® EmWave® in age were recruited and divided into two groups (treatment group µ and control group λ). After measuring the baseline HRV coherence state (ω) the subjects in group µ were as sessed during administration of 5 different ELF-EMF configu rations from a SEQEX® device, all at the same intensity of 20 μT (the name attributed to the configuration is in brackets) for a duration of 3 min. each: 1-3 Hz (δ), 4-8 Hz (θ), 9-13 Hz (α), 15-29 Hz (β), and 31-56 Hz (γ). The subjects in group λ were measured in the same way and the same number of times. Results: The initial coherence values ω were comparable be tween the two groups (µ: 36%, λ: 36.39%). Under the 1-3 Hz (δ) and 15-29 Hz (β) treatment configurations, group µ had an average HRV coherence of 46.26% and 47.26% respec-tively, while group λ had 38.13% and 37.39% respectively, representing a significant increase in HRV coherence under treatment (p δ = 0.035 and p β = 0.046). Conclusions: The ANS appears to be sensitive in a frequency dependent manner to treatment with ELF-EMF. This is very important, if confirmed in further studies, not only for better understanding the mechanism of action of ELF-EMF on complex biological systems, but more impor tantly for therapeutic purposes under different levels of psy-chopathological discomfort like stress and anxiety, as well as for modulating perceived pain and organ dysregulation.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116052995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/ijda-2017/1710002
Thomas Linsu, G. Sailaxmi, Parel Jithin Thomas
Background and Aim: Women may go through a wide range of emotional experiences during pregnancy and the year following birth. In some cases it can result in depressive symptoms which need treatment and supportive interventions. Interventions like individual psychotherapy and counseling with an exploratory, participative approaches were most commonly practiced in low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries. The aim of this study is to investigate systematically the evidence surrounding the impact of such interventions on improving women and infant mental health in mothers with postpartum depression. Methods: Systematic review included twelve quantitative studies from different countries like America (4), Iran (3), Europe (2), India (1), Pakistan (1), and China (1). Socio-de-mographic characteristics of the study subjects, characteristics, type and components of the intervention, and recommendations were reviewed from the retrieved studies. Results: Mean depression prevalence among the postpartum mothers identified in different studies was 38.6%. In majority of the studies the main components the interventions dealt with were, infant and child care, breastfeeding, problem solving, use of play and quality time with the infant, immunization and contraception, psycho-education about the illness, role transitions to motherhood, sensory motor stimulation and ways to deal with practical issues. Conclusion: Majority of studies recommended for cost-ef-fective and accessible postnatal care as a routine, follow up practices through telephone, direct education to supporters of new mother, and ensuring the availability of community resources and manpower.
{"title":"Interventions for Mothers with Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review","authors":"Thomas Linsu, G. Sailaxmi, Parel Jithin Thomas","doi":"10.23937/ijda-2017/1710002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/ijda-2017/1710002","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Women may go through a wide range of emotional experiences during pregnancy and the year following birth. In some cases it can result in depressive symptoms which need treatment and supportive interventions. Interventions like individual psychotherapy and counseling with an exploratory, participative approaches were most commonly practiced in low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries. The aim of this study is to investigate systematically the evidence surrounding the impact of such interventions on improving women and infant mental health in mothers with postpartum depression. Methods: Systematic review included twelve quantitative studies from different countries like America (4), Iran (3), Europe (2), India (1), Pakistan (1), and China (1). Socio-de-mographic characteristics of the study subjects, characteristics, type and components of the intervention, and recommendations were reviewed from the retrieved studies. Results: Mean depression prevalence among the postpartum mothers identified in different studies was 38.6%. In majority of the studies the main components the interventions dealt with were, infant and child care, breastfeeding, problem solving, use of play and quality time with the infant, immunization and contraception, psycho-education about the illness, role transitions to motherhood, sensory motor stimulation and ways to deal with practical issues. Conclusion: Majority of studies recommended for cost-ef-fective and accessible postnatal care as a routine, follow up practices through telephone, direct education to supporters of new mother, and ensuring the availability of community resources and manpower.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123630997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/ijda-2017/1710008
R. Hamid, V. S. M. Sepah, Zare Hadi, Sepahvandi Ali Mohammadi
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible relation between dental patient’s state anxiety, demographic factors and past experience of treatments with their trait anxiety in patients undergoing root canal treatments (RCT). Materials and Methods: 60 patients participated in this study. A single molar was treated in every patient. At their first visit, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their demographic and educational status as well as a Persian version of STAI-T (Spielberger Trait Anxiety In-ventory). At the second visit they filled out a STAI-S (Spiel berger State Anxiety Inventory) before going through the dental procedure. Results: Our results showed a significant correlation be tween state and trait anxiety (P = 0.001). We also found no significant correlation between age and state anxiety (P = 0.932). However, no significant difference was found nei ther between education and state anxiety (P = 0.78) nor between past RCT experience and state anxiety (P = 0.88). In addition, our analysis indicates no correlation between state anxiety and total number of injections (P = 0.68). According to the patient’s answers, the most stressful part of dental procedure was drilling (37%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a relation between trait anxiety and state anxiety. Also, dental procedures are not a source of anxiety in patients with higher trait anxiety per se.
{"title":"State and Trait Anxiety Evaluation in Dental Patients","authors":"R. Hamid, V. S. M. Sepah, Zare Hadi, Sepahvandi Ali Mohammadi","doi":"10.23937/ijda-2017/1710008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/ijda-2017/1710008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible relation between dental patient’s state anxiety, demographic factors and past experience of treatments with their trait anxiety in patients undergoing root canal treatments (RCT). Materials and Methods: 60 patients participated in this study. A single molar was treated in every patient. At their first visit, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their demographic and educational status as well as a Persian version of STAI-T (Spielberger Trait Anxiety In-ventory). At the second visit they filled out a STAI-S (Spiel berger State Anxiety Inventory) before going through the dental procedure. Results: Our results showed a significant correlation be tween state and trait anxiety (P = 0.001). We also found no significant correlation between age and state anxiety (P = 0.932). However, no significant difference was found nei ther between education and state anxiety (P = 0.78) nor between past RCT experience and state anxiety (P = 0.88). In addition, our analysis indicates no correlation between state anxiety and total number of injections (P = 0.68). According to the patient’s answers, the most stressful part of dental procedure was drilling (37%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a relation between trait anxiety and state anxiety. Also, dental procedures are not a source of anxiety in patients with higher trait anxiety per se.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128641159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/ijda-2017/1710009
M. Aksoy, İ. Karlıbel, S. Dülger, L. Altan
Objective: The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of sleep quality on pain sensitivity and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Material-method: In this cross-sectional analytical design study a total of 78 patients (65-85 years) with good general health status and 44 young (30-50 years) healthy volunteers were included. All subjects assessed by Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI), pain pressure threshold (PPT) and geriatric depression scale (GDS). Results: In geriatric subjects, components of PSQI were significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared to controls, indicating bad sleep components in geriatric subjects. The PPT was significantly reduced among the geriatric patients vs. controls (p < 0.05), indicating a lower pain tolerance among the geriatric patients. Also, the elderly subjects had significantly higher depression scores than in control subjects (p < 0.05), indicating higher depression levels in geriatric group. In the geriatric group, except for the use of sleeping medication, all PSQI components and the total PSQI score showed a significant correlation with depression scores (p < 0.05), patients with higher depression levels have bad sleep quality. Conclusion: Our results showed decreased sleep quality, pain sensitivity and an increased depression among elderly subjects as compared to younger individuals. These findings indicate that decreased sleep quality is associated with both increased pain sensitivity and increased rates of depression.
{"title":"Sleep Quality in Osteoporotic Elderly: Relationship to Pain Sensitıvity and Depression","authors":"M. Aksoy, İ. Karlıbel, S. Dülger, L. Altan","doi":"10.23937/ijda-2017/1710009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/ijda-2017/1710009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of sleep quality on pain sensitivity and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Material-method: In this cross-sectional analytical design study a total of 78 patients (65-85 years) with good general health status and 44 young (30-50 years) healthy volunteers were included. All subjects assessed by Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI), pain pressure threshold (PPT) and geriatric depression scale (GDS). Results: In geriatric subjects, components of PSQI were significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared to controls, indicating bad sleep components in geriatric subjects. The PPT was significantly reduced among the geriatric patients vs. controls (p < 0.05), indicating a lower pain tolerance among the geriatric patients. Also, the elderly subjects had significantly higher depression scores than in control subjects (p < 0.05), indicating higher depression levels in geriatric group. In the geriatric group, except for the use of sleeping medication, all PSQI components and the total PSQI score showed a significant correlation with depression scores (p < 0.05), patients with higher depression levels have bad sleep quality. Conclusion: Our results showed decreased sleep quality, pain sensitivity and an increased depression among elderly subjects as compared to younger individuals. These findings indicate that decreased sleep quality is associated with both increased pain sensitivity and increased rates of depression.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124558509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: 1) To assess the role of life satisfaction, happiness, hopefulness, and self-efficacy, on perceived stress and PWB among a sample of female high school 9 th graders in Tabriz, Iran; 2) To assess direct and indirect relationships of life satisfaction, happiness, hopefulness, and self-efficacy with PWB in the sample, considering the mediator role of perceived stress under a conceptual model. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 289 random -ly-selected female 9 th -grader high school students in Tabriz, Iran, from 2013-2014. Trained study staff obtained consent and asked the participants to complete a self-administered validated questionnaire. Results: Among participants, 64.7% reported mental heal th problems and 74.3% reported high stress levels. In una djusted analyses, PWB was positively correlated with life satisfaction, happiness, hopefulness and self-efficacy, and it was negatively correlated with self-perceived stress (P < 0.01 for all correlations). In adjusted analyses, higher life satisfaction and lower stress levels were associated with better PWB (P < 0.001 for all associations). Higher levels of happiness and self-efficacy were associated with lower stress levels. Conclusions: PWB was influenced by a network of inter connected constructs including life satisfaction, happiness, self-efficacy, and stress. Further studies are needed to di sentangle the complex relationships within this network.
{"title":"Factors Associating Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-being among Iranian Female Adolescents","authors":"Heizomi Haleh, Allahverdipour Hamid, Hejazi Shahrzad Bazargan, Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari, Shirazi Anaheed","doi":"10.23937/ijda-2017/1710003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/ijda-2017/1710003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: 1) To assess the role of life satisfaction, happiness, hopefulness, and self-efficacy, on perceived stress and PWB among a sample of female high school 9 th graders in Tabriz, Iran; 2) To assess direct and indirect relationships of life satisfaction, happiness, hopefulness, and self-efficacy with PWB in the sample, considering the mediator role of perceived stress under a conceptual model. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 289 random -ly-selected female 9 th -grader high school students in Tabriz, Iran, from 2013-2014. Trained study staff obtained consent and asked the participants to complete a self-administered validated questionnaire. Results: Among participants, 64.7% reported mental heal th problems and 74.3% reported high stress levels. In una djusted analyses, PWB was positively correlated with life satisfaction, happiness, hopefulness and self-efficacy, and it was negatively correlated with self-perceived stress (P < 0.01 for all correlations). In adjusted analyses, higher life satisfaction and lower stress levels were associated with better PWB (P < 0.001 for all associations). Higher levels of happiness and self-efficacy were associated with lower stress levels. Conclusions: PWB was influenced by a network of inter connected constructs including life satisfaction, happiness, self-efficacy, and stress. Further studies are needed to di sentangle the complex relationships within this network.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129559199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710004
A. Konstantinos, Saropoulou Aikaterini, Jelastopulu Eleni
Depression is the most frequent cause of emotional suffering on late life. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and to assess possible under-diagnosis of depressive symptoms in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the members of the open day care centers for older people in the municipality of Pella, North Greece. A questionnaire was developed to collect basic demographic data, including three questions from the “European Health Interview Survey”, regarding self-reported and/or by a physician diagnosed depression. Moreover, to all participants the Greek validated version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied, to screen for depressive symptoms. A total of 241 individuals took part in the study. According to the GDS, 34.9% of the participants revealed having depressive symptoms, 27.5% moderate and 7.5% severe. Having ever been affected with chronic depression reported 30.4%, of them 68.4% had been diagnosed by a medical doctor and 20.8% had received medication. Of the 160 subjects who reported never been affected by a depression, 26.9% and 3.8% screened positive for moderate and severe depressive symptoms, respectively. In seven individuals who reported not to know if they have/had depression, depressive symptoms were observed in 85.7% applying the GDS-15. Depression in the elderly in North-Greece show a high prevalence and appears to be an under-diagnosed disease. The application of GDS-15 by general practitioners would increase their ability to detect and treat depression. RESEARch ARticlE
{"title":"Late - Life Depression in North Greece: Prevalence and under Detection","authors":"A. Konstantinos, Saropoulou Aikaterini, Jelastopulu Eleni","doi":"10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710004","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is the most frequent cause of emotional suffering on late life. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and to assess possible under-diagnosis of depressive symptoms in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the members of the open day care centers for older people in the municipality of Pella, North Greece. A questionnaire was developed to collect basic demographic data, including three questions from the “European Health Interview Survey”, regarding self-reported and/or by a physician diagnosed depression. Moreover, to all participants the Greek validated version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied, to screen for depressive symptoms. A total of 241 individuals took part in the study. According to the GDS, 34.9% of the participants revealed having depressive symptoms, 27.5% moderate and 7.5% severe. Having ever been affected with chronic depression reported 30.4%, of them 68.4% had been diagnosed by a medical doctor and 20.8% had received medication. Of the 160 subjects who reported never been affected by a depression, 26.9% and 3.8% screened positive for moderate and severe depressive symptoms, respectively. In seven individuals who reported not to know if they have/had depression, depressive symptoms were observed in 85.7% applying the GDS-15. Depression in the elderly in North-Greece show a high prevalence and appears to be an under-diagnosed disease. The application of GDS-15 by general practitioners would increase their ability to detect and treat depression. RESEARch ARticlE","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134498376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710007
Chirchiglia Domenico
Frontal brain tumors often cause psychiatric disorders re-lated to the functions of the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex expresses cognitive functions, which are supe-rior functions concerning personality, conception, planning, ability to manage social relations. The dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex, if damaged, causes a depressive symptomatology, consisting of apathy, mood reduction and other symptoms. Kleist defined depression secondary to brain tumors, pseudodepression syndrome. It is a rare con-dition associated to brain frontal tumors, the depression that occurs first and not vice versa. The reasons are not clear. However, it is important to control depressed patients over the years, they must perform neuroimaging tests, avoiding the late discovery of a brain frontal tumor.
{"title":"Pseudodepression as an Anticipatory Symptom of Frontal Lobe Brain Tumors","authors":"Chirchiglia Domenico","doi":"10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710007","url":null,"abstract":"Frontal brain tumors often cause psychiatric disorders re-lated to the functions of the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex expresses cognitive functions, which are supe-rior functions concerning personality, conception, planning, ability to manage social relations. The dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex, if damaged, causes a depressive symptomatology, consisting of apathy, mood reduction and other symptoms. Kleist defined depression secondary to brain tumors, pseudodepression syndrome. It is a rare con-dition associated to brain frontal tumors, the depression that occurs first and not vice versa. The reasons are not clear. However, it is important to control depressed patients over the years, they must perform neuroimaging tests, avoiding the late discovery of a brain frontal tumor.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133731056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710040
Brooks Shelia M.
{"title":"Implementing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to Identify and Refer Adults with Depression","authors":"Brooks Shelia M.","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131406425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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