Pub Date : 2020-02-08DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710018
S. ShebakShady, Yangchen Tenzing, Shaver Katherine, Vance J Eric
Purpose: To explore the relationship of self-reported resiliency (protective) factors on severity of psychiatric characteristics of adolescents hospitalized with psychiatric illness. Methods: Study population included 106 randomly selected youth between ages of 12-17 admitted to the Carilion Child and Adolescent Psychiatric inpatient. Patients completed the Youth Resiliency Checklist (YRC) upon admission. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, and correlational tests as appropriate. Results: A significant relationship was found between the outlooks subscale of the YRC, and length of hospital stay (LOS), (p = 0.0067). Also, a significant relationship (p = 0.0393) was found between the social skills subscale, and those with 2 versus 3 or more hospitalizations (means 13.92 versus 11.13). A significant relationship of 0.05 found when comparing social support subscale means for patients with LOS 1-5 days (14.78) to those with LOS 6-10 (12.18). Conclusion: There are significant relationships between LOS and YRC-rated outlooks and social support, and between number of hospitalizations and YRC-rated social skills.
{"title":"The Relationship of Self-Reported Psychosocial Protective Factors to Characteristics of Adolescent Psychiatric Patients","authors":"S. ShebakShady, Yangchen Tenzing, Shaver Katherine, Vance J Eric","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710018","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To explore the relationship of self-reported resiliency (protective) factors on severity of psychiatric characteristics of adolescents hospitalized with psychiatric illness. Methods: Study population included 106 randomly selected youth between ages of 12-17 admitted to the Carilion Child and Adolescent Psychiatric inpatient. Patients completed the Youth Resiliency Checklist (YRC) upon admission. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, and correlational tests as appropriate. Results: A significant relationship was found between the outlooks subscale of the YRC, and length of hospital stay (LOS), (p = 0.0067). Also, a significant relationship (p = 0.0393) was found between the social skills subscale, and those with 2 versus 3 or more hospitalizations (means 13.92 versus 11.13). A significant relationship of 0.05 found when comparing social support subscale means for patients with LOS 1-5 days (14.78) to those with LOS 6-10 (12.18). Conclusion: There are significant relationships between LOS and YRC-rated outlooks and social support, and between number of hospitalizations and YRC-rated social skills.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133421373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-04DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710016
C StewartWilliam, J WetselaarMegan, A NelsonLindsay, A StewartJeanette
Background: Very little information is available about the influence of religion upon anxiety. The objective of this article is to review the medical literature regarding the influence of personal religious belief and religious-based activities on anxiety. Methods: Studies were reviewed evaluating anxiety and the effect of religion in peer reviewed medical literature by using search terms in PubMed and Cochrane data bases. Results: There were 32 studies included. This review showed, in almost every study, that religion in general, religious training, spirituality, faith, prayer, religious community and worship were associated with reduced anxiety (stress). These effects were observed in both healthy individuals and in various patient populations. In addition, a number of studies demonstrated that religious based treatment intervention was helpful in the treatment of anxiety. Conclusion: This review suggests that religious practice and belief may assist individuals suffering with anxiety.
{"title":"Review of the Effect of Religion on Anxiety","authors":"C StewartWilliam, J WetselaarMegan, A NelsonLindsay, A StewartJeanette","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Very little information is available about the influence of religion upon anxiety. The objective of this article is to review the medical literature regarding the influence of personal religious belief and religious-based activities on anxiety. Methods: Studies were reviewed evaluating anxiety and the effect of religion in peer reviewed medical literature by using search terms in PubMed and Cochrane data bases. Results: There were 32 studies included. This review showed, in almost every study, that religion in general, religious training, spirituality, faith, prayer, religious community and worship were associated with reduced anxiety (stress). These effects were observed in both healthy individuals and in various patient populations. In addition, a number of studies demonstrated that religious based treatment intervention was helpful in the treatment of anxiety. Conclusion: This review suggests that religious practice and belief may assist individuals suffering with anxiety.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130972363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710015
C. Pedro, Karlikowska Agata, Clarós-Pujol Astrid
The point of this article is to make a diagnosis of psychological voice disorders easier by reviewing germane to the subject literature. Current view on terminology, classification, clinical manifestation and underlying psychological background of this rare condition is given. Secondly our aim is to asses prevalence ratio of psychological voice disorders in a group of 1520 professional opera singers-people with the most challenging voice effort among professional voice users. Our findings contradict common belief of high occurrence rate of this disorder among opera singers. Characteristics of this professional group are discussed and a short example case report is described. Based on literature findings and authors personal experience we propose an outline of an assessment protocol when psychological voice disorder is suspected. The importance of multidisciplinary diagnosis involving laryngologist, psychologist, speech therapist and possibly a psychiatrist is pointed out.
{"title":"Psychogenic Voice Disorders Literature Review, Personal Experiences with Opera Singers and Case Report of Psychogenic Dysphonia in Opera Singer","authors":"C. Pedro, Karlikowska Agata, Clarós-Pujol Astrid","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710015","url":null,"abstract":"The point of this article is to make a diagnosis of psychological voice disorders easier by reviewing germane to the subject literature. Current view on terminology, classification, clinical manifestation and underlying psychological background of this rare condition is given. Secondly our aim is to asses prevalence ratio of psychological voice disorders in a group of 1520 professional opera singers-people with the most challenging voice effort among professional voice users. Our findings contradict common belief of high occurrence rate of this disorder among opera singers. Characteristics of this professional group are discussed and a short example case report is described. Based on literature findings and authors personal experience we propose an outline of an assessment protocol when psychological voice disorder is suspected. The importance of multidisciplinary diagnosis involving laryngologist, psychologist, speech therapist and possibly a psychiatrist is pointed out.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116033814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-23DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710012
Kayaaslan Büşra, L. Neslihan
With the increasing life expectancy in the world, chronic diseases are seen in elderly individuals. There is currently no treatment that can prevent, stop or cure Alzheimer’s disease, one of these chronic diseases, or slow down neurodegeneration in AD. The treatments used are symptomatic treatments to slow down the course of the disease. Since the 1960s, psychosocial interventions have been used in addition to medications in the treatment of AD and its use has increased after the 2000s. One of the psychosocial interventions to be applied in AD is Music Therapy. It is emphasized that Music Therapy is a promising intervention especially for AD and it should be started as early as possible. It is important that nurses use Music Therapy, which is one of the non-pharmacological methods, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, in order to strengthen the coping mechanisms of the patients and increase the communication, cognitive functions and adaptation levels of the individuals with the environment. In this article, information about the effectiveness of music therapy in Alzheimer’s patients will be given.
{"title":"The Effect of Music Therapy on Cognitive Functions and Adaptation in Alzheimer's Patients","authors":"Kayaaslan Büşra, L. Neslihan","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710012","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing life expectancy in the world, chronic diseases are seen in elderly individuals. There is currently no treatment that can prevent, stop or cure Alzheimer’s disease, one of these chronic diseases, or slow down neurodegeneration in AD. The treatments used are symptomatic treatments to slow down the course of the disease. Since the 1960s, psychosocial interventions have been used in addition to medications in the treatment of AD and its use has increased after the 2000s. One of the psychosocial interventions to be applied in AD is Music Therapy. It is emphasized that Music Therapy is a promising intervention especially for AD and it should be started as early as possible. It is important that nurses use Music Therapy, which is one of the non-pharmacological methods, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, in order to strengthen the coping mechanisms of the patients and increase the communication, cognitive functions and adaptation levels of the individuals with the environment. In this article, information about the effectiveness of music therapy in Alzheimer’s patients will be given.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129653194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-19DOI: 10.23937/2643-4059/1710013
Adu Frank, Ghartey-Kwansah George, Aboagye Benjamin
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disease and it affects millions of people across the world. Patients suffering from MDD consistently complain about cognitive disturbances, significantly worsening the burden of this illness. The second most frequent mental illness in Europe is mood disorders and they are dominated by MDD, a-ecting 7% of the population. The recent discovery that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist; ketamine; a revolutionary novel antidepressant, rapidly relieves depressive symptoms and suicidal imaginations, particularly amongst those with treatment-resistant depression have generated a new wave of excitement. This article discusses the sex differences that exist in depressive patients, summarizes the antidepressant activity of ketamine and reviews the mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. It further discusses the sexual differences in the antidepressant activity of ketamine in preclinical studies.
重度抑郁症(MDD)是最常见的精神疾病，它影响着全世界数百万人。患有重度抑郁症的患者总是抱怨认知障碍，这大大加重了这种疾病的负担。欧洲第二常见的精神疾病是情绪障碍，以重度抑郁症(MDD)为主，影响了7%的人口。n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)拮抗剂;氯胺酮;一种革命性的新型抗抑郁药，迅速缓解抑郁症状和自杀的想象，特别是在那些治疗难治性抑郁症中产生了新的兴奋浪潮。本文讨论了抑郁症患者存在的性别差异，总结了氯胺酮的抗抑郁活性，并对氯胺酮快速抗抑郁作用的机制进行了综述。在临床前研究中进一步探讨氯胺酮抗抑郁活性的性别差异。
{"title":"Sex Differences in the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in Animal Models of Depression","authors":"Adu Frank, Ghartey-Kwansah George, Aboagye Benjamin","doi":"10.23937/2643-4059/1710013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710013","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disease and it affects millions of people across the world. Patients suffering from MDD consistently complain about cognitive disturbances, significantly worsening the burden of this illness. The second most frequent mental illness in Europe is mood disorders and they are dominated by MDD, a-ecting 7% of the population. The recent discovery that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist; ketamine; a revolutionary novel antidepressant, rapidly relieves depressive symptoms and suicidal imaginations, particularly amongst those with treatment-resistant depression have generated a new wave of excitement. This article discusses the sex differences that exist in depressive patients, summarizes the antidepressant activity of ketamine and reviews the mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. It further discusses the sexual differences in the antidepressant activity of ketamine in preclinical studies.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126926732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710011
D. Larrivee
Understanding the physical basis for mediating personal integration constitutes an important domain of investigation for physical and mental health. Among its singular determinants are behavioral influences that plastically shape integration through motor plans and executed movements, and which also fundamentally contribute to cognition. A key requirement of the motor plan is that of framing motions in the context of an agent, where the body is appropriated as an origin of action emergence. Embodied, motor actions propel the consumption of free energy reserves needed to sustain organismal operation in its entirety thereby driving global integration. Free energy influences, however, track energy use homeostatically and are motivationally agnostic with respect to goal selection, suggesting that their influence on integration is broadly systemic and nonspecific. Current research indicates, nonetheless, that the motor plan is teleologically oriented and that motor behaviors are structured uniquely in the context of specific goals. Such goal specific information does not appear to be contained in the action identification processes of the motor plan, however, but instead appears to be bound to the self representation, which is neurally coded in the context of the body. Neural correlates for behavioral integration are thus likely to include two separate and independently engaged global mechanisms: a) A non-specific, bottom up influence associated with enhancing energy efficiency, and b) A goal specific, top down influence that is autonomously executed. The physical instantiation of such strategies likely reflects a metaphysical need for increasing behavioral range that can be autonomously accessed, and has a positive bearing on existential psychology.
{"title":"Meaning and Agency in Biological Autonomy: The Motor Image in Self Integration","authors":"D. Larrivee","doi":"10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710011","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the physical basis for mediating personal integration constitutes an important domain of investigation for physical and mental health. Among its singular determinants are behavioral influences that plastically shape integration through motor plans and executed movements, and which also fundamentally contribute to cognition. A key requirement of the motor plan is that of framing motions in the context of an agent, where the body is appropriated as an origin of action emergence. Embodied, motor actions propel the consumption of free energy reserves needed to sustain organismal operation in its entirety thereby driving global integration. Free energy influences, however, track energy use homeostatically and are motivationally agnostic with respect to goal selection, suggesting that their influence on integration is broadly systemic and nonspecific. Current research indicates, nonetheless, that the motor plan is teleologically oriented and that motor behaviors are structured uniquely in the context of specific goals. Such goal specific information does not appear to be contained in the action identification processes of the motor plan, however, but instead appears to be bound to the self representation, which is neurally coded in the context of the body. Neural correlates for behavioral integration are thus likely to include two separate and independently engaged global mechanisms: a) A non-specific, bottom up influence associated with enhancing energy efficiency, and b) A goal specific, top down influence that is autonomously executed. The physical instantiation of such strategies likely reflects a metaphysical need for increasing behavioral range that can be autonomously accessed, and has a positive bearing on existential psychology.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"55 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120886605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710001
S. Vyjayanthi, M. Prashanth
Introduction: Traumatic events are a precursor for not only post traumatic stress disorder but also obsessive compulsive disorder, which tend to have a generally better outcome and response to interventions. Such cases have not been described from an Indian sub-continental background. Methods: This case series of 19 patients were collected by a single clinician at a Trauma Focused Outpatient Clinic over a number of years through semi-structured clinical assessments and structured evaluation of traumatic events (Life Events Check List) and severity of obsessive compulsive disorders (Yale Brown obsessive compulsive scale) followed by interventions. Discussion: During assessment there was a common occurrence of past traumatic events following the initial presentation with predominantly obsessive compulsive symptoms in a diverse population representative of the Indian sub-continental background. Death due to a sudden unnatural cause was the most common traumatic events repre-senting this case series. The vignettes illustrate a clinical need to explore traumatic events that may not be revealed at the outset of the assessment. Conclusion: The case series provides clinical illustration to the construct of delayed type of post traumatic obsessive compulsive disorder in a predominantly non-western population. exploring trauma that occurred months earlier to the presentation of OCD may provide an aetiological substrate to the occurrence of OCD and may inform clinical approaches that are broader than conventional medication treatments for OCD.
{"title":"Trauma Precursors of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - A Case Series","authors":"S. Vyjayanthi, M. Prashanth","doi":"10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJDA-2017/1710001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traumatic events are a precursor for not only post traumatic stress disorder but also obsessive compulsive disorder, which tend to have a generally better outcome and response to interventions. Such cases have not been described from an Indian sub-continental background. Methods: This case series of 19 patients were collected by a single clinician at a Trauma Focused Outpatient Clinic over a number of years through semi-structured clinical assessments and structured evaluation of traumatic events (Life Events Check List) and severity of obsessive compulsive disorders (Yale Brown obsessive compulsive scale) followed by interventions. Discussion: During assessment there was a common occurrence of past traumatic events following the initial presentation with predominantly obsessive compulsive symptoms in a diverse population representative of the Indian sub-continental background. Death due to a sudden unnatural cause was the most common traumatic events repre-senting this case series. The vignettes illustrate a clinical need to explore traumatic events that may not be revealed at the outset of the assessment. Conclusion: The case series provides clinical illustration to the construct of delayed type of post traumatic obsessive compulsive disorder in a predominantly non-western population. exploring trauma that occurred months earlier to the presentation of OCD may provide an aetiological substrate to the occurrence of OCD and may inform clinical approaches that are broader than conventional medication treatments for OCD.","PeriodicalId":130919,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Depression and Anxiety","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122165848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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