Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693449
Sungjae Choo
There have been several research methodologies to measure the impacts of tourism development on the regional economy, such as input-output analysis, income multiplier analysis, labor creation effect analysis, etc. Most of these are based on regional economic indices using secondary data for medium to large regional units. This study tests the possibility of adopting the tourist money flow analysis, which is centered on tracing a series of money flows beginning with tourists' payment for room, board and shopping, followed by tourist companies' expenditure for material and service purchase, wage, utilities, rent, tax and so forth, and by tourism workers' expenses for living and savings. This method makes it possible to reveal the amount and geographical extent of tourist money flow and draws some meaningful regional economic figures. Case studies of two tourist developing areas show that it can be utilized for economic impact studies for small scale areas.
{"title":"The Use of Tourist Money Flow Analysis in Measuring the Impact of Tourism Development on the Regional Economy","authors":"Sungjae Choo","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693449","url":null,"abstract":"There have been several research methodologies to measure the impacts of tourism development on the regional economy, such as input-output analysis, income multiplier analysis, labor creation effect analysis, etc. Most of these are based on regional economic indices using secondary data for medium to large regional units. This study tests the possibility of adopting the tourist money flow analysis, which is centered on tracing a series of money flows beginning with tourists' payment for room, board and shopping, followed by tourist companies' expenditure for material and service purchase, wage, utilities, rent, tax and so forth, and by tourism workers' expenses for living and savings. This method makes it possible to reveal the amount and geographical extent of tourist money flow and draws some meaningful regional economic figures. Case studies of two tourist developing areas show that it can be utilized for economic impact studies for small scale areas.","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124085835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693448
Wonho Jang
This paper reviews different political culture and policy preferences among mayors in Korean, Japan and the United States. In doing so, this paper introduces the New Political Culture (NPC) perspective as a frame of reference, in which the NPC is characterized by public-oriented politics and austere fiscal spending. This paper expects that Korean mayors will exhibit relatively low NPC-orientation vis-a-vis Japanese and US mayors. Using the data set collected by Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation project, this paper examines mayors' NPC-orientation in several aspects, including mayors' dependency on conventional political parties, mayors' use of local media to appeal the constituents, and mayors' fiscal policy preferences. The results of the comparison support the expectation of the NPC perspective. The Korean mayors are more dependent on the conventional political parties, less appealing to the citizens directly, and more supporting the increase of city expenditure than the Japanese and US mayors.
{"title":"Three-Nation Comparison on Mayors' Policy Preferences: Korea, Japan, and the USA","authors":"Wonho Jang","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693448","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews different political culture and policy preferences among mayors in Korean, Japan and the United States. In doing so, this paper introduces the New Political Culture (NPC) perspective as a frame of reference, in which the NPC is characterized by public-oriented politics and austere fiscal spending. This paper expects that Korean mayors will exhibit relatively low NPC-orientation vis-a-vis Japanese and US mayors. Using the data set collected by Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation project, this paper examines mayors' NPC-orientation in several aspects, including mayors' dependency on conventional political parties, mayors' use of local media to appeal the constituents, and mayors' fiscal policy preferences. The results of the comparison support the expectation of the NPC perspective. The Korean mayors are more dependent on the conventional political parties, less appealing to the citizens directly, and more supporting the increase of city expenditure than the Japanese and US mayors.","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114086469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693452
H. Jung
Approximate analytical solutions for stress intensity factors (SIF) and crack surface opening displacements (COD) for a crack in CT and CCT specimens subjected to crack face forces have been obtained. These solutions account for the finite dimension of the specimens. The analytical geometric constant, which was derived by using existing analytical expressions, is checked by the finite element method. Both results appeared to be in good agreement within 5%. The results for geometric constant including a crack length and locations of internal stresses show that there are severe differences in solutions between for an infinite medium and for a finite size of specimens. Therefore, it is concluded that the effect of finite dimension on solutions such as SIF or COD must be considered in problems having internal stresses on the crack surfaces.
{"title":"Approximate Solutions for KI and COD in CCT and CT Specimens Subjected to Closure Obstruction on the Crack Surface","authors":"H. Jung","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693452","url":null,"abstract":"Approximate analytical solutions for stress intensity factors (SIF) and crack surface opening displacements (COD) for a crack in CT and CCT specimens subjected to crack face forces have been obtained. These solutions account for the finite dimension of the specimens. The analytical geometric constant, which was derived by using existing analytical expressions, is checked by the finite element method. Both results appeared to be in good agreement within 5%. The results for geometric constant including a crack length and locations of internal stresses show that there are severe differences in solutions between for an infinite medium and for a finite size of specimens. Therefore, it is concluded that the effect of finite dimension on solutions such as SIF or COD must be considered in problems having internal stresses on the crack surfaces.","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117125062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693450
W. Park
Information society has come to people with dual faces: messiah and monster. While information and telecommunication technology has remarkably contributed to set free from human drudgery, it also makes people frustrated in many cases. Regional informatization is an attempt to reduce the interregional information gap. The information policy in a local level should be based on the citizens' interests. Nevertheless, either central or local bureaucracy has exclusively driven the information policy in Korea. Therefore, one can easily turn to the role of local council that has the mission to articulate the various voices of its constituents. In order to clearly identify the focal issues, this paper focuses on the problem of information asymmetry between bureaucrats and politicians, on the basis of the principal-agent theory. After analyzing the case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government(as an agent) and the Seoul Metropolitan Council(as a principal), this study suggests that the local council should play a key r...
{"title":"Regional Financial Markets and Financial Restructuring in Korea","authors":"W. Park","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693450","url":null,"abstract":"Information society has come to people with dual faces: messiah and monster. While information and telecommunication technology has remarkably contributed to set free from human drudgery, it also makes people frustrated in many cases. Regional informatization is an attempt to reduce the interregional information gap. The information policy in a local level should be based on the citizens' interests. Nevertheless, either central or local bureaucracy has exclusively driven the information policy in Korea. Therefore, one can easily turn to the role of local council that has the mission to articulate the various voices of its constituents. In order to clearly identify the focal issues, this paper focuses on the problem of information asymmetry between bureaucrats and politicians, on the basis of the principal-agent theory. After analyzing the case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government(as an agent) and the Seoul Metropolitan Council(as a principal), this study suggests that the local council should play a key r...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114499874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693446
Y. Choi
Seoul is an overpopulated and overconcentrated nation's capital divided by the Han River, the Nation's River. Seoul needs a new environmental perspective. At the Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, environmental local agenda setting was mandated. Seoul and many cities in Asian nations needed such a mandate from the United Nations. However, not a significant evaluation of Local Agenda 21 has been made. This article is a small evaluation of Seoul's Local Agenda 21 for a comparative analysis of other Asian cities. Without revolutionary change of local government actions toward environmental city, the UN mandates are meaningless. The author proposes a paradigm change in the Kuhnian sense, but the business is going as usual lamentably.
{"title":"Local Agenda 21: Seoul Toward an Environmental City","authors":"Y. Choi","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693446","url":null,"abstract":"Seoul is an overpopulated and overconcentrated nation's capital divided by the Han River, the Nation's River. Seoul needs a new environmental perspective. At the Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, environmental local agenda setting was mandated. Seoul and many cities in Asian nations needed such a mandate from the United Nations. However, not a significant evaluation of Local Agenda 21 has been made. This article is a small evaluation of Seoul's Local Agenda 21 for a comparative analysis of other Asian cities. Without revolutionary change of local government actions toward environmental city, the UN mandates are meaningless. The author proposes a paradigm change in the Kuhnian sense, but the business is going as usual lamentably.","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115308840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693447
Hyun-sung Kim
Information society has come to people with dual faces: messiah and monster. While information and telecommunication technology has remarkably contributed to set free from human drudgery, it also makes people frustrated in many cases. Regional informatization is an attempt to reduce the interregional information gap. The information policy in a local level should be based on the citizens' interests. Nevertheless, either central or local bureaucracy has exclusively driven the information policy in Korea. Therefore, one can easily turn to the role of local council that has the mission to articulate the various voices of its constituents. In order to clearly identify the focal issues, this paper focuses on the problem of information asymmetry between bureaucrats and politicians, on the basis of the principal-agent theory. After analyzing the case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government(as an agent) and the Seoul Metropolitan Council(as a principal), this study suggests that the local council should play a key r...
{"title":"The Role of Local Council for the Effective Regional Informatization: The Seoul Metropolitan Government Case","authors":"Hyun-sung Kim","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693447","url":null,"abstract":"Information society has come to people with dual faces: messiah and monster. While information and telecommunication technology has remarkably contributed to set free from human drudgery, it also makes people frustrated in many cases. Regional informatization is an attempt to reduce the interregional information gap. The information policy in a local level should be based on the citizens' interests. Nevertheless, either central or local bureaucracy has exclusively driven the information policy in Korea. Therefore, one can easily turn to the role of local council that has the mission to articulate the various voices of its constituents. In order to clearly identify the focal issues, this paper focuses on the problem of information asymmetry between bureaucrats and politicians, on the basis of the principal-agent theory. After analyzing the case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government(as an agent) and the Seoul Metropolitan Council(as a principal), this study suggests that the local council should play a key r...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131520960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693451
Yong-Woo Lee
This paper aims to suggest a better management system for the Seoul Metropolitan Area, with special emphasis on the area-wide urban service delivery. As metropolitan areas grow, urban problems spil...
{"title":"Management System of the Seoul Metropolitan Area—with Special Emphasis on Area-Wide Urban Services","authors":"Yong-Woo Lee","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693451","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to suggest a better management system for the Seoul Metropolitan Area, with special emphasis on the area-wide urban service delivery. As metropolitan areas grow, urban problems spil...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"117 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131160435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693432
R. Marans
I have been asked to talk about theory-practice linkages and in thinking about what I might say, it occurred to me that such linkages could be described in the context of educating future urbanists. Furthermore, linkages can best be understood by talking about “small” theories as opposed to “big theories” such as those reflected in the papers by Professors Choi and Sassen. My meaning of the term, small theory, is different from that attributed ti Merton (1957) and Baker (1968). Rather, my meaning is more closely associated with the ideas espoused by John Lyle when he described the concepts underlying the Center for Regenerative Studies and the practices that take place in that environment. In my paper, I present another example of a small theory and show how it links to practice. And like professor Lyle, my example, involves faculty and university students working together. As a prelude to my example, I will discuss some changes that have recently occurred in the training of urban planner and other in US ...
{"title":"Traning Future Urbanists: The Integration of Theory and Practice","authors":"R. Marans","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693432","url":null,"abstract":"I have been asked to talk about theory-practice linkages and in thinking about what I might say, it occurred to me that such linkages could be described in the context of educating future urbanists. Furthermore, linkages can best be understood by talking about “small” theories as opposed to “big theories” such as those reflected in the papers by Professors Choi and Sassen. My meaning of the term, small theory, is different from that attributed ti Merton (1957) and Baker (1968). Rather, my meaning is more closely associated with the ideas espoused by John Lyle when he described the concepts underlying the Center for Regenerative Studies and the practices that take place in that environment. In my paper, I present another example of a small theory and show how it links to practice. And like professor Lyle, my example, involves faculty and university students working together. As a prelude to my example, I will discuss some changes that have recently occurred in the training of urban planner and other in US ...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126953902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693436
Sang‐Ho Lee
The purpose of this study is to design and implement the web based housing price forecasting system[WBHPFS] as the Experimental Urban Planning prototype. WBHPFS is a web-based simulation environment for forecasting housing price in the cyber housing exchange market, which allows multilateral matching of buying or selling order like stock exchange or double auction market. WBHPFS is consisted of the four sub-system; the Market Environment Sub-system, the Stock Item Information Sub-system, the Ordering Sub-system, and the Matching Sub-system. Internet technologies such as Protocol, PHP3, JavaScript, and SQL were used to design and implement WBHPFS. It will be necessary to test the significance of the information from WBHPFS experiment, and to attempt the various experiment methods like the continuous or periodic call trading for enhancing the confidence of this system as a further study.
{"title":"Experimental Urban Planning Prototype: Web-Based Housing Price Forecasting System","authors":"Sang‐Ho Lee","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693436","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to design and implement the web based housing price forecasting system[WBHPFS] as the Experimental Urban Planning prototype. WBHPFS is a web-based simulation environment for forecasting housing price in the cyber housing exchange market, which allows multilateral matching of buying or selling order like stock exchange or double auction market. WBHPFS is consisted of the four sub-system; the Market Environment Sub-system, the Stock Item Information Sub-system, the Ordering Sub-system, and the Matching Sub-system. Internet technologies such as Protocol, PHP3, JavaScript, and SQL were used to design and implement WBHPFS. It will be necessary to test the significance of the information from WBHPFS experiment, and to attempt the various experiment methods like the continuous or periodic call trading for enhancing the confidence of this system as a further study.","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125510843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1999.9693439
H. Kim, W. Koh
We have reached a point where we must confront the environmental changes of future residential areas, by examining predictions how on future residential environments differ between countries, depending on the standard of living, and residential lving conditions. Therefore in this study, our goal is to predict the changes in values, interior space, shape, of buildings, and size of complexes by the years 2001, 2006, and 2016, thus a total of 20 years. The objects of our observations were professionals in the construction, urban, landscape architecture, and residential area related fields, in Korea, Japan, Singapore, the United States, and England. The residential environment of the future is analyzed through literature relating predictions on future residerntial environments, and case studies. According to the results of this study, a change is expected from the current self-centered life to a family centered lifestyle, and the introduction of advanced technological residential facilities due to the advent ...
{"title":"Changes in the Residential Environment of the 21st Century: Case Study of Two Countries and a Survey of Five Countries","authors":"H. Kim, W. Koh","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1999.9693439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1999.9693439","url":null,"abstract":"We have reached a point where we must confront the environmental changes of future residential areas, by examining predictions how on future residential environments differ between countries, depending on the standard of living, and residential lving conditions. Therefore in this study, our goal is to predict the changes in values, interior space, shape, of buildings, and size of complexes by the years 2001, 2006, and 2016, thus a total of 20 years. The objects of our observations were professionals in the construction, urban, landscape architecture, and residential area related fields, in Korea, Japan, Singapore, the United States, and England. The residential environment of the future is analyzed through literature relating predictions on future residerntial environments, and case studies. According to the results of this study, a change is expected from the current self-centered life to a family centered lifestyle, and the introduction of advanced technological residential facilities due to the advent ...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124842021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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