Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693426
Hong-Bin Kang
Insa-dong, known to English speaking visitors as “Mary's Alley, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Seoul, the quintessential “zone of traditional culture” as guidebooks to Seoul proclaim. The present Insa-dong is produced out of the sedimentation of different historic origins and generative forces. It is a cumulative product of many individual actions that have taken place over time, and its evolution has been such that later strata only partly ‘succeed’ or ‘replace’ earlier ones, resulting in a mosaic like pattern, neither unitary nor fully integrated. The real issue relating to Insa-dong is not one of cultural conservation as such but a defence of the integrity, autonomy, diversity—in a word, authenticity of life (lived individually and collectively) against the ‘killer capitalist economy’ and the all-pervading bureaucratic controls in the globalizing age. Cities change over time and tradition is constantly redefined, rediscovered, reinvented. Any attempt to fix it spatially and temporar...
{"title":"Conservation of Insa-dong: A Self-Defeating Thesis?","authors":"Hong-Bin Kang","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693426","url":null,"abstract":"Insa-dong, known to English speaking visitors as “Mary's Alley, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Seoul, the quintessential “zone of traditional culture” as guidebooks to Seoul proclaim. The present Insa-dong is produced out of the sedimentation of different historic origins and generative forces. It is a cumulative product of many individual actions that have taken place over time, and its evolution has been such that later strata only partly ‘succeed’ or ‘replace’ earlier ones, resulting in a mosaic like pattern, neither unitary nor fully integrated. The real issue relating to Insa-dong is not one of cultural conservation as such but a defence of the integrity, autonomy, diversity—in a word, authenticity of life (lived individually and collectively) against the ‘killer capitalist economy’ and the all-pervading bureaucratic controls in the globalizing age. Cities change over time and tradition is constantly redefined, rediscovered, reinvented. Any attempt to fix it spatially and temporar...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123030805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693424
Soon-Tak Suh
The development of institutional capacity within a contemporary fragmented society has attracted interest from policy-makers and academics. This interest raises questions about the way in which the institutional capacity of a society creates a social base for more open and communicative plan-making. I argue that key elements of such capacity lie in the quality of governance, history, discourse and attitude. Some societies are developing collaboration among stakeholders, widening stakeholder involvement, building new discourses, and building rich social networks. Others do not show such practices. Using an institutionalist approach which provides the institutionalist perspective and framework, this study attempts to examine how social capital affects planning work in practice, and the potential to make a plan in a more democratic and communicative way. This study also seeks to explain how social capital can be fostered and built up in situations where it is underdeveloped. The result of this study suggests...
{"title":"Evaluating the Capacity of Plan-Making in Seoul Through Institutionalist Analysis","authors":"Soon-Tak Suh","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693424","url":null,"abstract":"The development of institutional capacity within a contemporary fragmented society has attracted interest from policy-makers and academics. This interest raises questions about the way in which the institutional capacity of a society creates a social base for more open and communicative plan-making. I argue that key elements of such capacity lie in the quality of governance, history, discourse and attitude. Some societies are developing collaboration among stakeholders, widening stakeholder involvement, building new discourses, and building rich social networks. Others do not show such practices. Using an institutionalist approach which provides the institutionalist perspective and framework, this study attempts to examine how social capital affects planning work in practice, and the potential to make a plan in a more democratic and communicative way. This study also seeks to explain how social capital can be fostered and built up in situations where it is underdeveloped. The result of this study suggests...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127756857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693419
Yun-Sug Baik, S. H. Seog
This study examines inefficient budget allocation between “certainly” public projects whose values are known to the public and “uncertainty” public projects whose values are not known to the public, where monitoring systems of government are less developed. Using a simple agency model in a political economy setting, we theoretically explain how information asymmetry and political agency costs induce inefficiency in public investments. A government agent with political concerns about the next election may primarily choose certainty public projects even if the certainty public projects are less socially beneficial than uncertainty public projects. The results of our model suggest that the increase/decrease in budget size without appropriately reducing information asymmetry problem cannot be a fully useful policy to control the inefficient budget allocation between two types of public projects.
{"title":"Analysis of Public Investment Decision-Making under Information Asymmetry","authors":"Yun-Sug Baik, S. H. Seog","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693419","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines inefficient budget allocation between “certainly” public projects whose values are known to the public and “uncertainty” public projects whose values are not known to the public, where monitoring systems of government are less developed. Using a simple agency model in a political economy setting, we theoretically explain how information asymmetry and political agency costs induce inefficiency in public investments. A government agent with political concerns about the next election may primarily choose certainty public projects even if the certainty public projects are less socially beneficial than uncertainty public projects. The results of our model suggest that the increase/decrease in budget size without appropriately reducing information asymmetry problem cannot be a fully useful policy to control the inefficient budget allocation between two types of public projects.","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130668417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693417
E. Mills, Kyung-Hwan Kim
This paper investigates the rationale for and international experience in government policies to control the growth and decentralization of large areas, and suggests implications for Korea. Most claims that large metropolitan areas are too large or excessively suburbanized are variants of concerns about congestion and environmental pollution. But these problems are best solved by policies that solve the problems directly, not by controls on the growth of large metropolitan areas. Environmental problems should be solved by environmental policies, and congestion problems should be solved by transportation policies. On the other hand, much evidence indicates that business productivity is greater in large than in small metropolitan areas. There is also considerable evidence on excess housing costs caused by direct controls. Therefore, direct controls on urban growth simply reduce the benefits of large urban areas without solving any problems. The implications of the analysis for Korean government policies are...
{"title":"Government Policies to Control the Growth and Decentralization of Large Urban Areas: International Experience and Implications for Korea","authors":"E. Mills, Kyung-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the rationale for and international experience in government policies to control the growth and decentralization of large areas, and suggests implications for Korea. Most claims that large metropolitan areas are too large or excessively suburbanized are variants of concerns about congestion and environmental pollution. But these problems are best solved by policies that solve the problems directly, not by controls on the growth of large metropolitan areas. Environmental problems should be solved by environmental policies, and congestion problems should be solved by transportation policies. On the other hand, much evidence indicates that business productivity is greater in large than in small metropolitan areas. There is also considerable evidence on excess housing costs caused by direct controls. Therefore, direct controls on urban growth simply reduce the benefits of large urban areas without solving any problems. The implications of the analysis for Korean government policies are...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127098557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693423
Sang-yun Han
The intensity of computer applications in Korean local government is as poor as the short history of its local autonomy system. This paper provides a comparative view of information technology (IT) resources of Korean and the U.S. local governments. to shed light on the challenging issues faced by many Korean local governments. Two local governments with similar sizes of population. area and public employees were selected to conduct a case study. While the City of Bellevue of the U.S. and the City of Uiwang of Korea are very comparable in size (with the approximate population of 11 thousands and 400-500 public employees each). they differ in great scale in terms of IT resources. Bellevue excels Uiwang as much as 37 times in terms of IT department budgets. 8 times in the number of IT personnel. and 9 times in the number of computer application systems. Another fundamental problem of Korean local governments regarding computer application is related to the decision-making and implementation process of IT projects. No formal process has been established in clarifying main players and participants in IT application. In addition. current budgetary and legal constraints make city governments of Korea too much dependent on national and provincial governments.
{"title":"Information Technology Resources of Local Governments: A Comparative View of Korea and the U.S.","authors":"Sang-yun Han","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693423","url":null,"abstract":"The intensity of computer applications in Korean local government is as poor as the short history of its local autonomy system. This paper provides a comparative view of information technology (IT) resources of Korean and the U.S. local governments. to shed light on the challenging issues faced by many Korean local governments. Two local governments with similar sizes of population. area and public employees were selected to conduct a case study. While the City of Bellevue of the U.S. and the City of Uiwang of Korea are very comparable in size (with the approximate population of 11 thousands and 400-500 public employees each). they differ in great scale in terms of IT resources. Bellevue excels Uiwang as much as 37 times in terms of IT department budgets. 8 times in the number of IT personnel. and 9 times in the number of computer application systems. Another fundamental problem of Korean local governments regarding computer application is related to the decision-making and implementation process of IT projects. No formal process has been established in clarifying main players and participants in IT application. In addition. current budgetary and legal constraints make city governments of Korea too much dependent on national and provincial governments.","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123155040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693409
M. Cho
This paper aims at a systematic review of Korea's progressive community movements which lead to the formation of a cooperative urban community. The second section provides some remarks regarding a new concept of community development which is brought into light by the so-called postmodern social change. The third section presents a sketch on Korea's NGO-led community movements emerging along with the opening of civil society. The forth section attempts a case review on the shaping of a cooperative community, by taking an example of the ‘Hangdang-Kumho-Hawang’ area in Seoul. The fifth section draws theoretical implications from this analysis about a new model of progressive community development. By way of conclusion, there are summary and some comments on the limit of this study. 1) According to Lefebvre (1991), these two aspects of urban community stem from two contrasting characters of urban space: one for exchange value, the other for use value. 2) It is reported that, as of 1996, 3,200 civil movement ...
{"title":"Progressive Community Movements in Korea","authors":"M. Cho","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693409","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at a systematic review of Korea's progressive community movements which lead to the formation of a cooperative urban community. The second section provides some remarks regarding a new concept of community development which is brought into light by the so-called postmodern social change. The third section presents a sketch on Korea's NGO-led community movements emerging along with the opening of civil society. The forth section attempts a case review on the shaping of a cooperative community, by taking an example of the ‘Hangdang-Kumho-Hawang’ area in Seoul. The fifth section draws theoretical implications from this analysis about a new model of progressive community development. By way of conclusion, there are summary and some comments on the limit of this study. 1) According to Lefebvre (1991), these two aspects of urban community stem from two contrasting characters of urban space: one for exchange value, the other for use value. 2) It is reported that, as of 1996, 3,200 civil movement ...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115766445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693410
Kyung-Chae Chung
This paper serves as an open forum in which all groups of students, citizens, planners, politicians and researchers are to represent their own opinions in the process of making urban policies. Urban planning can not be formulated in one dimension. This paper is intended to present a broad context of planning framework, which may facilitate comprehension of more detailed aspects of the planning issues in an orderly manner. A number of measures should be taken for cooperation and coordination. Those interested can demonstrate a capability to create conditions to make an economically competitive, socially cohesive, ecologically sound and culturally flourishing society in the international arena. I hope this paper provides intellectual substance from which unresolved planning issues will be further discussed and the prospective outcome will accomplish the main purpose
{"title":"Long-Term Strategy for Sustainable Urban Development in Korea: For the 21st Century","authors":"Kyung-Chae Chung","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693410","url":null,"abstract":"This paper serves as an open forum in which all groups of students, citizens, planners, politicians and researchers are to represent their own opinions in the process of making urban policies. Urban planning can not be formulated in one dimension. This paper is intended to present a broad context of planning framework, which may facilitate comprehension of more detailed aspects of the planning issues in an orderly manner. A number of measures should be taken for cooperation and coordination. Those interested can demonstrate a capability to create conditions to make an economically competitive, socially cohesive, ecologically sound and culturally flourishing society in the international arena. I hope this paper provides intellectual substance from which unresolved planning issues will be further discussed and the prospective outcome will accomplish the main purpose","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131918915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693406
B. Lee
To revitalize Seoul's economy it is necessary for the Korean government to restructure various systems and facilities to make them convenient for businesses. Numerous land use regulations currently retard not only business activities of domestic firms but also foreign direct investments in Korea, most of which are interested in locating their businesses in the Capital Region. This paper concerns mainly three types of land use regulations affecting business activities in the Capital Region: zoning plans, the Capital Region Concentration Control Policy and the Greenbelt. It is recommended to make the zoning plans more flexible and to adopt the spatial pollution charge and the performance zoning system rather than the traditional zoning plans to provide strong incentives for firms to abate the pollution. The Capital Region Concentration Control Policy made firms' optimal locations impossible without contributing to the containment of population and economic concentration in the Capital Region. The paper argu...
{"title":"Land Use Regulations and Efficiency of Seoul's Economy","authors":"B. Lee","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693406","url":null,"abstract":"To revitalize Seoul's economy it is necessary for the Korean government to restructure various systems and facilities to make them convenient for businesses. Numerous land use regulations currently retard not only business activities of domestic firms but also foreign direct investments in Korea, most of which are interested in locating their businesses in the Capital Region. This paper concerns mainly three types of land use regulations affecting business activities in the Capital Region: zoning plans, the Capital Region Concentration Control Policy and the Greenbelt. It is recommended to make the zoning plans more flexible and to adopt the spatial pollution charge and the performance zoning system rather than the traditional zoning plans to provide strong incentives for firms to abate the pollution. The Capital Region Concentration Control Policy made firms' optimal locations impossible without contributing to the containment of population and economic concentration in the Capital Region. The paper argu...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"81 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134455821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693408
Y. Choi
{"title":"Environmental Management in south Korea: Origin, Policy, Program, Questions","authors":"Y. Choi","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130502946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12265934.1998.9693405
H. Yeung, K. Olds
Urban competitiveness has become a critical issue confronting cities throughout the Asia Pacific region. As a city-state in Southeast Asia, Singapore has been highly proactive in creating and sustaining its competitiveness as a strategic nodal point in the global space of flows. In this paper, we aim to discuss Singapore's global reach vis-a-vis a set of national development strategies that shape the global competitiveness of the city-state. We argue that the creation and reproduction of urban competitiveness in Singapore is highly dependent upon the state's capabilities to exercise power and implement national development strategies that situate the city-state in a beneficial manner to the global space of flows. In Singapore, these national development strategies can be analyzed in three broad areas. First, Singapore has sought to serve as a centre for the spatial agglomeration of high value-added and high- tech investments in leading industries. Second, since the mid-1980s, Singapore has been actively s...
{"title":"Singapore's Global Reach: Situating the City-State in the Global Economy","authors":"H. Yeung, K. Olds","doi":"10.1080/12265934.1998.9693405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.1998.9693405","url":null,"abstract":"Urban competitiveness has become a critical issue confronting cities throughout the Asia Pacific region. As a city-state in Southeast Asia, Singapore has been highly proactive in creating and sustaining its competitiveness as a strategic nodal point in the global space of flows. In this paper, we aim to discuss Singapore's global reach vis-a-vis a set of national development strategies that shape the global competitiveness of the city-state. We argue that the creation and reproduction of urban competitiveness in Singapore is highly dependent upon the state's capabilities to exercise power and implement national development strategies that situate the city-state in a beneficial manner to the global space of flows. In Singapore, these national development strategies can be analyzed in three broad areas. First, Singapore has sought to serve as a centre for the spatial agglomeration of high value-added and high- tech investments in leading industries. Second, since the mid-1980s, Singapore has been actively s...","PeriodicalId":131083,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121714413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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