This article investigates the mean-square output consensus problem for heterogeneous linear multiagent systems (MASs) over random packet loss channels. Agent heterogeneity is reflected in possibly different state dimensions and dynamic parameters. In addition to heterogeneity, a major challenge arises from relaxing the commonly adopted independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) assumption on packet losses. To capture temporal correlations that are prevalent in practice, packet losses are modeled by a discrete-time Markov process. Since existing consensus controllers designed for i.i.d. losses may fail under Markovian packet losses, novel dedicated control schemes are developed. Two packet loss scenarios are considered: identical and nonidentical packet losses. For identical packet losses, where all channels drop packets simultaneously, both analytical and numerical consensus conditions are derived to guarantee consensus of the distributed observers. The analytical condition reveals the interplay among packet loss rate, communication topology, and system dynamics, while the numerical conditions are more computationally tractable. An output-regulation-based controller is then designed to achieve mean-square output consensus. For the more general case of nonidentical packet losses, edge Laplacian theory is employed to decouple packet loss processes from the communication topology, leading to consensus conditions for the distributed observers, as well as corresponding controllers that guarantee mean-square output consensus. Finally, numerical simulations are utilized to validate the results.
Multigranularity knowledge modeling is an influential study for information processing and knowledge discovery in artificial intelligence (AI). A central research focus is the multigranularity representation and learning of knowledge structures. Among them, fuzzy rough sets (FRSs) have emerged as a representative method for characterizing uncertain knowledge. However, the existing FRS studies still exhibit two limitations: low robustness in knowledge acquisition and incomplete characterization of uncertainty. Hence, this article proposes a zentropy-enhanced multigranularity knowledge modeling framework for robust feature selection (ZeMG-FS). Specifically, we design a fast and adaptive multigranularity information granulation mechanism based on generalized granular-ball generation to effectively capture data distributions embedded in complex data. Then, the fuzzy rough approximation method is incorporated into the representation of multigranularity knowledge. Furthermore, we analyze the fundamental relationships and structures of the multigranularity knowledge model to introduce a novel multilevel zentropy. Unlike existing entropy measures, the primary consideration of the proposed zentropy is to match and enhance the performance of the proposed model. Finally, we design two feature evaluation criteria grounded in the model and apply them to feature selection. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed methods achieve superior robustness and effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art approaches.
This article proposes a novel observer-based adaptive neural network-based resilient consensus control approach to address hybrid cyberattacks, disturbances, and nonlinear dynamics in nonlinear leader-following multiagent systems (MASs). Specifically, a dimension expansion methodology is developed to dynamically model and compensate for false data injection (FDI) attacks, while denial-of-service (DoS) attacks are probabilistically characterized via Bernoulli variables, forming a comprehensive hybrid attack mitigation strategy. Then, a cascaded observer is designed, integrating dimension-extended system modeling with disturbance decoupling to simultaneously estimate system states and external disturbances with high precision. Furthermore, an adaptive neural network-based approximation scheme is employed to handle system nonlinearities, eliminating the conservatism of Lipschitz-based methods while enhancing robustness in complex environments. Finally, the simulation result validates that the proposed control method achieves resilient consensus of leader-following MASs under hybrid cyberattacks, disturbances, and nonlinear dynamics.

