Pub Date : 2018-08-07DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00051
Oyewole So, Akinyemi O, Jimoh Ka
The importance of plants in traditional medicine and as raw materials in pharmaceutical industries cannot therefore be overemphasized. The use of herbs to treat diseases is almost universal among nonindustrialized societies. A number of traditions came to dominate the practice of herbal medicine at the end of the twentieth century. Many of the pharmaceuticals currently available to physicians have a long history of use as herbal remedies, including opium, asprin, digitals and quinine. The use of medicinal plants is increasing worldwide, in view of the tremendous expansion of traditional medicine and a growing interest in herbal treatments. Plants are used in medicine to maintain and augment health-physically, mentally and spiritually as well as to treat specific conditions and ailments.1 It has been found that countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America use traditional medicine to help meet some of their primary health care needs. In Africa, for example, up to 80 percent of the population uses traditional medicine for primary health care. In industrialized countries, adaptation of traditional medicines is termed “complimentary??” or “alternative” medicine. Traditional medicine has maintained its popularity in all regions or the developing world and its use is rapidly spreading in industrialized countries. The global market for herbal medicines currently stands at over US $80 billion annually and is growing steadily.1 In Nigeria, Ghana, Mali and Zambia for example, the first line of treatment for 60% of children with high fever resulting from malaria is the use of herbal medicines at home. The plant kingdom contributes immensely to human health when no synthetic medicines were available and when no concepts of surgery existed. There is therefore need to conserve these plants associated with indigenous knowledge for human development and good health. Synthetic drugs gained popularity against green remedies because their fast-acting effects, however, people have begun to realize the benefits associated with natural remedies. Chemically prepared drugs may act quickly, but they have side effects which affect human body negatively in the long run, whereas, medicinal plants work in an integrated or probiotic with little or no adverse effects on the body.1 A number of plant species are being used in various human health around the world. Plant species contain active ingredients such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins, cryogenics, glycocides, terpeniods. These ingredients have been used and found effective as sweeteners, anti-infections and anti-bacterials. For instance, the bark of Alstonia boonei contains alkaloids and achistamine, which are useful in the treatment of fever, dizziness and high blood pressure. Ginger (Allium sativum) and Garlic (Zingiber officinale) are spicy addittions to food that has long been used to maintain human health. It is not an exaggeration to say that medicinal plants have a great role to play in sustainable human health.
{"title":"Medicinal plants and sustainable human health: a review","authors":"Oyewole So, Akinyemi O, Jimoh Ka","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00051","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of plants in traditional medicine and as raw materials in pharmaceutical industries cannot therefore be overemphasized. The use of herbs to treat diseases is almost universal among nonindustrialized societies. A number of traditions came to dominate the practice of herbal medicine at the end of the twentieth century. Many of the pharmaceuticals currently available to physicians have a long history of use as herbal remedies, including opium, asprin, digitals and quinine. The use of medicinal plants is increasing worldwide, in view of the tremendous expansion of traditional medicine and a growing interest in herbal treatments. Plants are used in medicine to maintain and augment health-physically, mentally and spiritually as well as to treat specific conditions and ailments.1 It has been found that countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America use traditional medicine to help meet some of their primary health care needs. In Africa, for example, up to 80 percent of the population uses traditional medicine for primary health care. In industrialized countries, adaptation of traditional medicines is termed “complimentary??” or “alternative” medicine. Traditional medicine has maintained its popularity in all regions or the developing world and its use is rapidly spreading in industrialized countries. The global market for herbal medicines currently stands at over US $80 billion annually and is growing steadily.1 In Nigeria, Ghana, Mali and Zambia for example, the first line of treatment for 60% of children with high fever resulting from malaria is the use of herbal medicines at home. The plant kingdom contributes immensely to human health when no synthetic medicines were available and when no concepts of surgery existed. There is therefore need to conserve these plants associated with indigenous knowledge for human development and good health. Synthetic drugs gained popularity against green remedies because their fast-acting effects, however, people have begun to realize the benefits associated with natural remedies. Chemically prepared drugs may act quickly, but they have side effects which affect human body negatively in the long run, whereas, medicinal plants work in an integrated or probiotic with little or no adverse effects on the body.1 A number of plant species are being used in various human health around the world. Plant species contain active ingredients such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins, cryogenics, glycocides, terpeniods. These ingredients have been used and found effective as sweeteners, anti-infections and anti-bacterials. For instance, the bark of Alstonia boonei contains alkaloids and achistamine, which are useful in the treatment of fever, dizziness and high blood pressure. Ginger (Allium sativum) and Garlic (Zingiber officinale) are spicy addittions to food that has long been used to maintain human health. It is not an exaggeration to say that medicinal plants have a great role to play in sustainable human health.","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121142076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00049
M. A. Ullah, I. Mahmood, B. Zaman, S. I. Hyder, A. Mahmood, R. Baber
Salinity causes the disruption of the homeostatic balance of water potential and ion distribution in plants resulting in decreased availability of water to root cells and the plants tend to accumulate high concentrations of Na+ and Clin their vacuoles to protect their cytoplasmic water potential and metabolic imbalances. These metabolic imbalances cause oxidative stress1 and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide ions.2 Scavenging of ROS in plant cells occurs by an endogenous protective mechanism involving antioxidant molecules and enzymes.3,4 On the other hand, it is well known that current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, according to a new United Nations report being launched today.5 The world economy grew by 2.6 percent a year to almost double in size between 1990 and 2014. During that period, global economic growth was driven mainly by low-income and middle-income countries, whose gross domestic product (GDP) grew by some 5.1 percent annually. China’s GDP grew at double that rate, by more than 10 percent year, and in 2014 the country accounted for 9 percent of global GDP, compared to just 2 percent in 1990.6 Salinity is one of the most severe environmental factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops, because most crops are sensitive to salinity induced by high concentrations of salts in the soil.7 This brief presentation of data suggests that salt tolerant plants should be taken into consideration, since they could play an important role in biosaline agriculture.8 It also reduces photosynthetic activity by destruction of green pigments, lowering leaf area or by decreasing the activity of photosynthetic enzymes. Further, salinity affects the cell membranes and causes lipid peroxidation leading to higher accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA).9 Soil salinity presents a notable challenge to agriculture, which may be a consequence of human activities, such as irrigation, or alterations in rainfall patterns that reduce leaching of salts and minerals from soils. Lands that were once highly fertile have become less productive due to increased salt levels.10 Furthermore, increasing pressure to use marginal lands for farming often means that growers struggle with naturally-occurring high levels of salt.11 The effect of salt on plant growth and productivity is dependent on salt type, concentration, sensitivity of the crop, and the capacity of the plants to tolerate or mitigate the effects of salts alone or in combination.12 For example, exposure to salt alters differentiation of the Casparian strip causing it to be unusually close to the root meristem13 which changes root architecture14 and the root gravitrophic response, halotropism.15 In addition, cell cycle inhibition as a result of salt stress causes cells in the meristem to stop dividing; cells elongate at the root tip,
{"title":"In vitro saline sodic status of Camelina sativa cv. Blaine creek","authors":"M. A. Ullah, I. Mahmood, B. Zaman, S. I. Hyder, A. Mahmood, R. Baber","doi":"10.15406/hij.2018.02.00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00049","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity causes the disruption of the homeostatic balance of water potential and ion distribution in plants resulting in decreased availability of water to root cells and the plants tend to accumulate high concentrations of Na+ and Clin their vacuoles to protect their cytoplasmic water potential and metabolic imbalances. These metabolic imbalances cause oxidative stress1 and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide ions.2 Scavenging of ROS in plant cells occurs by an endogenous protective mechanism involving antioxidant molecules and enzymes.3,4 On the other hand, it is well known that current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, according to a new United Nations report being launched today.5 The world economy grew by 2.6 percent a year to almost double in size between 1990 and 2014. During that period, global economic growth was driven mainly by low-income and middle-income countries, whose gross domestic product (GDP) grew by some 5.1 percent annually. China’s GDP grew at double that rate, by more than 10 percent year, and in 2014 the country accounted for 9 percent of global GDP, compared to just 2 percent in 1990.6 Salinity is one of the most severe environmental factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops, because most crops are sensitive to salinity induced by high concentrations of salts in the soil.7 This brief presentation of data suggests that salt tolerant plants should be taken into consideration, since they could play an important role in biosaline agriculture.8 It also reduces photosynthetic activity by destruction of green pigments, lowering leaf area or by decreasing the activity of photosynthetic enzymes. Further, salinity affects the cell membranes and causes lipid peroxidation leading to higher accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA).9 Soil salinity presents a notable challenge to agriculture, which may be a consequence of human activities, such as irrigation, or alterations in rainfall patterns that reduce leaching of salts and minerals from soils. Lands that were once highly fertile have become less productive due to increased salt levels.10 Furthermore, increasing pressure to use marginal lands for farming often means that growers struggle with naturally-occurring high levels of salt.11 The effect of salt on plant growth and productivity is dependent on salt type, concentration, sensitivity of the crop, and the capacity of the plants to tolerate or mitigate the effects of salts alone or in combination.12 For example, exposure to salt alters differentiation of the Casparian strip causing it to be unusually close to the root meristem13 which changes root architecture14 and the root gravitrophic response, halotropism.15 In addition, cell cycle inhibition as a result of salt stress causes cells in the meristem to stop dividing; cells elongate at the root tip, ","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132814982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-27DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00048
U. Schindler, L. Mueller, F. Eulenstein
Horticultural substrates are special designed media for horticultural applications. Bog peat is the main basis for creating horticultural substrates (Other ingredients like coir, perlite, compost and other are added to improve the substrate for special horticultural applications.1–3 Beside the nutrient composition, the hydraulic performance of horticultural substrates is a main issue for evaluating its quality for horticultural purposes. However, information to the hydraulic properties is missing of the substrate package. Until recently substrate buyers cannot draw any conclusions regarding the hydraulic properties on the basis of the declaration and the ingredients of the particular product he has bought,1,3–5concluded that there is a lack of technologies and methods for the effective physical characterization and evaluation of substrate application in horticulture. The papers3–5 are in the public domain.
{"title":"New measurement methods and devices and evaluation framework for characterizing of hydrological properties of growing media","authors":"U. Schindler, L. Mueller, F. Eulenstein","doi":"10.15406/hij.2018.02.00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00048","url":null,"abstract":"Horticultural substrates are special designed media for horticultural applications. Bog peat is the main basis for creating horticultural substrates (Other ingredients like coir, perlite, compost and other are added to improve the substrate for special horticultural applications.1–3 Beside the nutrient composition, the hydraulic performance of horticultural substrates is a main issue for evaluating its quality for horticultural purposes. However, information to the hydraulic properties is missing of the substrate package. Until recently substrate buyers cannot draw any conclusions regarding the hydraulic properties on the basis of the declaration and the ingredients of the particular product he has bought,1,3–5concluded that there is a lack of technologies and methods for the effective physical characterization and evaluation of substrate application in horticulture. The papers3–5 are in the public domain.","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126126066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-25DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00047
Y. Rajbhar, Govind Rajbhar, Pradeep K. Rawat, S. Shukla, Manoj Kumar
Moringa oleifera belongs to the family of Moringaceae is an embodiment of nutritional treasure due to many essential phytochemicals present in its leaves, pods and seeds. It provides 7 times more vitamin C than oranges, 9 times more protein than yoghurt, 10 times more vitamin A than carrots, 15times more potassium than bananas, 17 times more calcium than milk and 25times more iron than spinach.1 It is a sustainable remedy for malnutrition. Senegal and Benin of African countries treat their children with moringa who are deprived of breast milk.2 To augment milk production, the lactogogue, made of phytosterols, acts as a precursor for hormones required for reproductive growth and are generally prescribed to lactating mothers. It is rich in stigmasterol, sitosterol and kampesterol the phytosterols which increase the estrogen production, resulting stimulates the proliferation of the mammary gland ducts to produce milk.3 About 6 spoonfuls of moringa leaf powder can meet a pregnant woman’s daily iron and calcium requirement.
{"title":"Grow Moringa (Moringa oleifera), the miracle tree on the earth","authors":"Y. Rajbhar, Govind Rajbhar, Pradeep K. Rawat, S. Shukla, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.15406/hij.2018.02.00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00047","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera belongs to the family of Moringaceae is an embodiment of nutritional treasure due to many essential phytochemicals present in its leaves, pods and seeds. It provides 7 times more vitamin C than oranges, 9 times more protein than yoghurt, 10 times more vitamin A than carrots, 15times more potassium than bananas, 17 times more calcium than milk and 25times more iron than spinach.1 It is a sustainable remedy for malnutrition. Senegal and Benin of African countries treat their children with moringa who are deprived of breast milk.2 To augment milk production, the lactogogue, made of phytosterols, acts as a precursor for hormones required for reproductive growth and are generally prescribed to lactating mothers. It is rich in stigmasterol, sitosterol and kampesterol the phytosterols which increase the estrogen production, resulting stimulates the proliferation of the mammary gland ducts to produce milk.3 About 6 spoonfuls of moringa leaf powder can meet a pregnant woman’s daily iron and calcium requirement.","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133734563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00044
T. Horibe
The stem of the cactus Opuntia (genus Opuntia, subfamily Opuntioideae, family Cactaceae), commonly referred to as the nopal cactus or prickly pear, is a major source of fruit, vegetable and forage in areas, where the soils are poor or are becoming poor and result in very low yield of traditional cultivars.1 In some countries, Opuntia species are also used as remedies and folk medicine for a variety of health problems including burns, edema, and indigestion.2,3 Edible Opuntia is also produced in Japan, where they are produced mainly in Kasugai City, Aichi Prefecture, although production scale is still small. We are working with Kasugai City to promote production and consumption of edible Opuntia in Japan. Opuntia species are so important commercial crop that cultivation technics which lead to higher production and quality are needed. Opuntia plants are commonly produced through soil or pot culture. Major problems in growing vegetables, including edible Opuntia, using soil are soil-borne disease, salt accumulation, and difficulty in fertilizer management.4 In hydroponic culture, plants are grown using nutrient solution (water and fertilizer), with or without the use of an artificial medium. Soilborne disease and weeds are eliminated in hydroponic culture because there is no soil and precise fertilizer management is also possible.4 Therefore, hydroponic culture conveys many advantages for edible Opuntia production, and we have shown that edible Opuntia can be grown by simple hydroponic culture.5
{"title":"Advantages of hydroponics in edible cacti production","authors":"T. Horibe","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00044","url":null,"abstract":"The stem of the cactus Opuntia (genus Opuntia, subfamily Opuntioideae, family Cactaceae), commonly referred to as the nopal cactus or prickly pear, is a major source of fruit, vegetable and forage in areas, where the soils are poor or are becoming poor and result in very low yield of traditional cultivars.1 In some countries, Opuntia species are also used as remedies and folk medicine for a variety of health problems including burns, edema, and indigestion.2,3 Edible Opuntia is also produced in Japan, where they are produced mainly in Kasugai City, Aichi Prefecture, although production scale is still small. We are working with Kasugai City to promote production and consumption of edible Opuntia in Japan. Opuntia species are so important commercial crop that cultivation technics which lead to higher production and quality are needed. Opuntia plants are commonly produced through soil or pot culture. Major problems in growing vegetables, including edible Opuntia, using soil are soil-borne disease, salt accumulation, and difficulty in fertilizer management.4 In hydroponic culture, plants are grown using nutrient solution (water and fertilizer), with or without the use of an artificial medium. Soilborne disease and weeds are eliminated in hydroponic culture because there is no soil and precise fertilizer management is also possible.4 Therefore, hydroponic culture conveys many advantages for edible Opuntia production, and we have shown that edible Opuntia can be grown by simple hydroponic culture.5","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123333121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00042
Baruwa Olayinka Isiaka
The importance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in bridging the food gap in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. Nutritionally, cowpea is a good source of protein for both human and livestock. It is also a source of income to farmers, serves as nitrogen fixation and cover crops thus improving the soil fertility of the marginal lands.1 The prospect for reducing hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity through increase in cowpea productivity is significant.2 In other to realise the goal, there is need to increase the output of cowpea. Among ways of achieving the goal is selection of appropriate seed input to enhance farm productivity, profitable production system and optimal return to farmers. For sustainability of smallholder farmers, increased use of inputs (seeds, chemicals and fertilizers) is of paramount importance. In sub-Saharan Africa, purchased input use is very low and static over the last 20 years or so.3
{"title":"Determinants of seed variety selection among cowpea farmers in Osun state, Nigeria","authors":"Baruwa Olayinka Isiaka","doi":"10.15406/hij.2018.02.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00042","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in bridging the food gap in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. Nutritionally, cowpea is a good source of protein for both human and livestock. It is also a source of income to farmers, serves as nitrogen fixation and cover crops thus improving the soil fertility of the marginal lands.1 The prospect for reducing hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity through increase in cowpea productivity is significant.2 In other to realise the goal, there is need to increase the output of cowpea. Among ways of achieving the goal is selection of appropriate seed input to enhance farm productivity, profitable production system and optimal return to farmers. For sustainability of smallholder farmers, increased use of inputs (seeds, chemicals and fertilizers) is of paramount importance. In sub-Saharan Africa, purchased input use is very low and static over the last 20 years or so.3","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114424743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00043
M. Sajid, A. Rab, I. Khan, I. Jan, N. Amin, A. Mateen, H. Usman, Mehboob Alam, S. T. Shah
Standard chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) commonly known as Gul-e-Daudi or mum flower, is a short-day flowering plant belonging to the largest family of plants Asteraceae.1 It is known as queen of flowers. It is popular ornamental plant in point of view as a cut flower, potted plant and landscape plant.2 Chrysanthemum is a major cut-flower, economically very important and placed second in the rank after rose in the world.3 Chrysanthemum is the most popular flowering plant all over the world as well as in Pakistan. In Pakistan, it starts flower blooming from the month of November and blooming reaches to its peak in the month of December.4 Chrysanthemum is facing various problems like poor growth; unreliable flower setting, insect-pests and diseases as well as no information are available regarding to planting time and sucker size. These conditions ultimately resulted in low yields with poor quality of flowers.5 It is one of the main perennial flowering plant grown in winter throughout the country.6 The effect and influence of growth regulator is evident even in minute quantity, as gibbrellic acid (GA3) influences various growth parameters. 7 Cut flowers are very sensitive, because their degradation starts soon after detachment from parent plant and senescence induced by ethylene.8 Gibbrellic acid (GA3) is known to slow down leaf yellowing and control shedding of many famous cut flowers.9 Gibbrellin possesses stimulatory effect on various parameters of plant like germination, breaking dormancy, delaying senescence and ethylene activity as well as quality flower initiation.10 Post mutagenic application of GA3 significantly decreased the number of primary branches and pods plant-1 but stimulated secondary branches in chickpea.11 Application of gibbrellic acid (GA3) to chrysanthemum flower improves the quality and durability of cut flowers by reducing senescence activity.12 Also gibbrellic acid (GA3) plays a beneficial role in the longevity of many species of ornamental plants.13 As chrysanthemum is a famous winter flowering plant, the study was conducted to elaborate its ornamental and aesthetic value under the agro climatic conditions of Peshawar. To study the performance of best chrysanthemum cultivar under agro climatic condition of Peshawar for cut flowers and the response of pre-harvest treatment of gibbrellic acid (GA3) on vase life of chrysanthemum flowers.
{"title":"The pre-harvest foliar application influenced the flower quality and vase life of chrysanthemum cultivars","authors":"M. Sajid, A. Rab, I. Khan, I. Jan, N. Amin, A. Mateen, H. Usman, Mehboob Alam, S. T. Shah","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00043","url":null,"abstract":"Standard chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) commonly known as Gul-e-Daudi or mum flower, is a short-day flowering plant belonging to the largest family of plants Asteraceae.1 It is known as queen of flowers. It is popular ornamental plant in point of view as a cut flower, potted plant and landscape plant.2 Chrysanthemum is a major cut-flower, economically very important and placed second in the rank after rose in the world.3 Chrysanthemum is the most popular flowering plant all over the world as well as in Pakistan. In Pakistan, it starts flower blooming from the month of November and blooming reaches to its peak in the month of December.4 Chrysanthemum is facing various problems like poor growth; unreliable flower setting, insect-pests and diseases as well as no information are available regarding to planting time and sucker size. These conditions ultimately resulted in low yields with poor quality of flowers.5 It is one of the main perennial flowering plant grown in winter throughout the country.6 The effect and influence of growth regulator is evident even in minute quantity, as gibbrellic acid (GA3) influences various growth parameters. 7 Cut flowers are very sensitive, because their degradation starts soon after detachment from parent plant and senescence induced by ethylene.8 Gibbrellic acid (GA3) is known to slow down leaf yellowing and control shedding of many famous cut flowers.9 Gibbrellin possesses stimulatory effect on various parameters of plant like germination, breaking dormancy, delaying senescence and ethylene activity as well as quality flower initiation.10 Post mutagenic application of GA3 significantly decreased the number of primary branches and pods plant-1 but stimulated secondary branches in chickpea.11 Application of gibbrellic acid (GA3) to chrysanthemum flower improves the quality and durability of cut flowers by reducing senescence activity.12 Also gibbrellic acid (GA3) plays a beneficial role in the longevity of many species of ornamental plants.13 As chrysanthemum is a famous winter flowering plant, the study was conducted to elaborate its ornamental and aesthetic value under the agro climatic conditions of Peshawar. To study the performance of best chrysanthemum cultivar under agro climatic condition of Peshawar for cut flowers and the response of pre-harvest treatment of gibbrellic acid (GA3) on vase life of chrysanthemum flowers.","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131826990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00041
Jaime Cuauhtemoc Negrete
Abstract. Mexico imports 14 million pesos in seeders of which 53% is from the United States, 16.6% from France, 11.4 from Italy, 8.7 from Brazil, 5.5% from Spain and 4.7% from others countries. Donoso 2007. It is estimated that there is a market of Seeders of about 3,000 machines/year. About 1800 imported and another 1200 of national manufacture, of them 500 of Direct Sowing approximately. The objective of this work is to analyze the situation of the planter manufacturing industry and its economic prospects for the future in Mexico. Mexico in the segment of planters unlike the segments of tractors and combine harvesters, in which in the first only meet manufacturers and in the second it does not even exist in the country, has a national industry of manufacturing of planters strongly rooted in the country with its own technology. This situation was evidenced by not allowing the emergence of Argentine planters, as well as infrastructure to continue the research and development of new designs of seeders in the four agricultural institutions led by the Universidad Autonoma Chapingo. It must be invested in Precision Agriculture technology With seeders with intelligent metering so as not to be left behind this industry. If this condition is put into practice the economic outlook is very encouraging for this segment of the national agricultural machinery industry. Keywords. Seeders, Planters industry, Mexico, Agricultural machines, Manufacturing. JEL. J43, Q01, Q13, Q17.
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Pub Date : 2018-06-22DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00040
O. Sá, Namo Oat, Akinbola Oj
The Hausa potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir) J. K. Morton) is a tropical, multipurpose, minor tuberous root crop. It is one of the best staple tuber crops in terms of its distinctive fragrance, peculiar taste, medicinal, nutritional and economic values. It is cultivated in the West African countries of Ghana and Nigeria.1 The plant is a small herbaceous, dicotyledonous annual, 15 – 30cm high, prostate or ascending, with a succulent stem and thick leaves. It has an aromatic mint-like smell. Flowers are small and may be white, blue, pink or pale-violet in colour, and are produced on an elongated terminal with distal inflorescence and slender false spikes.2 It has small darkbrown edible tubers produced at the base of the stem. Vegetatively propagated tuber crops like the Hausa potato play a fundamental role in improving food security, human nutrition as well as other uses in the agro-industrial chain. They can be used as substitute for other types of crops in times of economic needs, such as high food prices, bridging the hunger gap between planting and harvesting of the main staple crop or inadequate supply of food in times of famine.3 Currently, its genetic resources are disappearing into extinction due to unfavorable features like the small tuber size,1 branching of the tubers (which makes them less attractive to consumers), low yield occasioned, perhaps, by lack of balance between its source potential and sink capacity as well as the intense labour required in its production. Consequently, it is being gradually replaced by more popular root and tuber crops like the potato, sweet potato, cassava, cocoyam and yam, which are higher-yielding. The crop is presently classified as an endangered species. The United Nations has predicted that the global human population would rise from 7 billion in 2011 to 9 billion by 2050, and that the world food production would need to increase between 70 and 100 per cent in forty (40) years.4 Most of the increase will need to come from bridging the gap between what is currently achieved per unit land and what should be possible in the future, given the most appropriate farming methods, food storage facilities, availability of suitable cultivars and adaptation to climatic changes.4 With the ever-increasing population coupled with limited land, water and other resources, the future beckons on tuber and root crops, including the Hausa potato, in fulfilling the country’s food requirements. The Hausa potato has a very high biological efficiency with a profound production potential per unit area of land.5 Farmers growing this crop follow indigenous agronomic practices which, coupled with lack of high-yielding varieties, result in generally low yields. The yield can be increased by adopting improved production
豪萨马铃薯(Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir) J. K. Morton)是一种热带、多用途、小型块根作物。它具有独特的香味、独特的口感、药用价值、营养价值和经济价值，是最好的主要块茎作物之一。该植物是一种小型草本双子叶一年生植物，高15 - 30cm，呈前列腺状或上升状，茎多肉，叶厚。它有一种芳香的薄荷味。花很小，颜色可能是白色，蓝色，粉红色或淡紫色，并且在具有远端花序和细长假穗状花序的拉长的顶生上生产它有小的深褐色的可食用块茎产生在茎的基部。像豪萨马铃薯这样的无性繁殖块茎作物在改善粮食安全、人类营养以及农业产业链中的其他用途方面发挥着重要作用。在经济需要时，例如粮食价格高时，它们可以用作其他类型作物的替代品，弥合主要作物种植和收获之间的饥饿差距，或在饥荒时粮食供应不足目前，其遗传资源正在消失，濒临灭绝，原因是其不利的特点，如块茎尺寸小，块茎分枝1(这使其对消费者的吸引力降低)，可能由于其来源潜力和汇容量之间缺乏平衡以及生产中所需的密集劳动而导致的低产量。因此，它正逐渐被更受欢迎的块根和块茎作物所取代，如马铃薯、甘薯、木薯、椰子树和山药，这些作物的产量更高。这种作物目前被列为濒危物种。联合国预测，到2050年，全球人口将从2011年的70亿增加到90亿，世界粮食产量需要在40年内增加70%到100%大部分的增长将需要通过缩小目前每单位土地的产量与未来可能实现的产量之间的差距来实现，前提是采用最合适的耕作方法、粮食储存设施、可获得的合适品种以及对气候变化的适应由于人口不断增加，加上土地、水和其他资源有限，未来需要块茎和块根作物，包括豪萨马铃薯，来满足该国的粮食需求。豪萨马铃薯具有很高的生物效率，单位土地面积生产潜力巨大种植这种作物的农民遵循当地的农艺做法，加上缺乏高产品种，导致产量普遍较低。采用改良生产可以提高产量
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