Pub Date : 2018-06-12DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00039
E. Seyoum, Abera Anja
The diverse agro ecology and natural resources of Ethiopia is suitable for beekeeping operation. According to CSA2 the country has a potential to produce about 50,790,578 kilogram of honey per year. However, the majority of honey (47,352,624kilogram) that accounts about 93.2% was harvested from traditional beehive type. The honey produced from the traditional hive is generally poor both in quantity and quality. The prevailing production constraints in the beekeeping subsector in Ethiopia are lack of knowledge, shortage of skilled man power, shortage of bee equipments, pests and predators, agrochemicals, shortage of bee forage and lack of research extension.3 Bernard4 argued that livelihoods of the farmers engaged in beekeeping activity rely on natural capital where bees, flowering plants and water. Bees feed on the nectar and pollen from flowers, the nectar is eventually converted into honey. Gums and resins are collected from plants, which again act as habitat for nesting places. Bees are a natural asset accessible in the wild. Honey bees collect honey ingredients from different sources like wild; wastelands and even land-mined areas all have value for beekeeping. Beekeeping is therefore, possible in arid areas as a livelihood resilient strategy. It provides an excellent bonus crop in addition to, but not a substitute to other crops. In addition to this, Beekeeping is an important agricultural sector that utilizes natural nectar and pollen for production of honey, wax and other hive products that have a great contribution for the income of smallholder farmers.5 Most of local beehives are hanged over high trees. Honey production from honeybees are very low with an average of 5-6kg per hive per year, while from the improved one average of 15-20 kg even more is possible. Honey and beeswax are collected after rainy season; starting from October to December. In the South and Eastern parts, in addition to the main, there is minor harvesting period during May-June. According to CSA, the major honey and beeswax producing regions in Ethiopia are Oromia (41%), SNNPR (22%), Amhara (21%) and Tigray (5%).6 However, the country is suffering from the ecological degradation of its natural resources and this means the basis for any honey production is threatened and affected. In many regions of the country, beekeeping is considered as one of the income-generating activities for resource-poor farmers including women, youth and the unemployed sectors of the community.7 Even though Basketo Special Woreda1 is potential for beekeeping activity, the farmers did not get adequate benefit from beekeeping subsector because of the traditional method of beekeeping system. This system is mainly characterized by low quality and yield of honey. Even though, the agro ecology condition of the area is appropriate for beekeeping operation, there is no research conducted so for to determine the honey production system and constraints. Moreover, identifying the existing beekeeping p
埃塞俄比亚多样化的农业生态和自然资源适合养蜂经营。据CSA2称，该国每年有潜力生产约50,790,578公斤蜂蜜。然而，占93.2%的大部分蜂蜜(47,352,624公斤)是从传统蜂巢中收获的。传统蜂箱生产的蜂蜜通常在数量和质量上都很差。埃塞俄比亚养蜂分部门普遍存在的生产限制是缺乏知识，缺乏熟练的人力，缺乏蜜蜂设备，害虫和捕食者，农用化学品，缺乏蜜蜂饲料和缺乏研究推广Bernard4认为从事养蜂活动的农民的生计依赖于蜜蜂、开花植物和水等自然资本。蜜蜂以花蜜和花粉为食，花蜜最终转化为蜂蜜。树胶和树脂是从植物中收集的，它们也是筑巢的栖息地。蜜蜂是一种可以在野外找到的自然资产。蜜蜂从不同的来源收集蜂蜜成分，比如野生的;荒地甚至雷区都有养蜂的价值。因此，在干旱地区养蜂作为一种生计弹性战略是可能的。它提供了一个优秀的额外奖励作物，但不能替代其他作物。除此之外，养蜂业是一个重要的农业部门，它利用天然花蜜和花粉生产蜂蜜、蜂蜡和其他蜂箱产品，对小农的收入有很大贡献当地的大多数蜂箱都挂在高高的树上。蜜蜂的蜂蜜产量很低，平均每个蜂巢每年只有5-6公斤，而经过改进的蜜蜂平均产量可以达到15-20公斤，甚至更多。雨季过后采集蜂蜜和蜂蜡;从十月开始到十二月。在南部和东部地区，除了主要的收获季节外，在5月至6月有一个小的收获期。根据CSA的数据，埃塞俄比亚主要的蜂蜜和蜂蜡产区是奥罗米亚(41%)、SNNPR(22%)、阿姆哈拉(21%)和提格雷(5%)然而，该国正遭受自然资源生态退化的困扰，这意味着任何蜂蜜生产的基础都受到威胁和影响。在该国的许多地区，养蜂被认为是资源贫乏的农民，包括妇女、青年和社区失业部门的创收活动之一尽管Basketo Special wooreda1具有养蜂活动的潜力，但由于传统的养蜂系统方法，农民没有从养蜂分部门获得足够的利益。该系统的主要特点是蜂蜜质量和产量低。尽管该地区的农业生态条件适合养蜂，但没有进行研究以确定蜂蜜生产系统和约束条件。此外，识别研究区域现有的养蜂生产系统和面临的挑战，为不同的栈持有人进行进一步的研究提供了基线信息。因此，本研究旨在利用埃塞俄比亚南部Basketo Special wooreda现有的主要养蜂生产系统和制约因素。因此，本研究的目的是调查
{"title":"Assessment of beekeeping production system and constraints in basketo special woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"E. Seyoum, Abera Anja","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00039","url":null,"abstract":"The diverse agro ecology and natural resources of Ethiopia is suitable for beekeeping operation. According to CSA2 the country has a potential to produce about 50,790,578 kilogram of honey per year. However, the majority of honey (47,352,624kilogram) that accounts about 93.2% was harvested from traditional beehive type. The honey produced from the traditional hive is generally poor both in quantity and quality. The prevailing production constraints in the beekeeping subsector in Ethiopia are lack of knowledge, shortage of skilled man power, shortage of bee equipments, pests and predators, agrochemicals, shortage of bee forage and lack of research extension.3 Bernard4 argued that livelihoods of the farmers engaged in beekeeping activity rely on natural capital where bees, flowering plants and water. Bees feed on the nectar and pollen from flowers, the nectar is eventually converted into honey. Gums and resins are collected from plants, which again act as habitat for nesting places. Bees are a natural asset accessible in the wild. Honey bees collect honey ingredients from different sources like wild; wastelands and even land-mined areas all have value for beekeeping. Beekeeping is therefore, possible in arid areas as a livelihood resilient strategy. It provides an excellent bonus crop in addition to, but not a substitute to other crops. In addition to this, Beekeeping is an important agricultural sector that utilizes natural nectar and pollen for production of honey, wax and other hive products that have a great contribution for the income of smallholder farmers.5 Most of local beehives are hanged over high trees. Honey production from honeybees are very low with an average of 5-6kg per hive per year, while from the improved one average of 15-20 kg even more is possible. Honey and beeswax are collected after rainy season; starting from October to December. In the South and Eastern parts, in addition to the main, there is minor harvesting period during May-June. According to CSA, the major honey and beeswax producing regions in Ethiopia are Oromia (41%), SNNPR (22%), Amhara (21%) and Tigray (5%).6 However, the country is suffering from the ecological degradation of its natural resources and this means the basis for any honey production is threatened and affected. In many regions of the country, beekeeping is considered as one of the income-generating activities for resource-poor farmers including women, youth and the unemployed sectors of the community.7 Even though Basketo Special Woreda1 is potential for beekeeping activity, the farmers did not get adequate benefit from beekeeping subsector because of the traditional method of beekeeping system. This system is mainly characterized by low quality and yield of honey. Even though, the agro ecology condition of the area is appropriate for beekeeping operation, there is no research conducted so for to determine the honey production system and constraints. Moreover, identifying the existing beekeeping p","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122971303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-08DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00037
John Pouris, S. Rhizopoulou
Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) is a lily-like plant with daffodil-like leaves. P. maritimum is a bulbous perennial geophyte that is widely distributed, along the coastline of the Mediterranean region, from the Black Sea to part of the Atlantic coast.1–4 Coastal habitats are particularly vulnerable, because they change in response to both biotic and abiotic factors and their biodiversity is affected by the effects of sea-level rise and human-induced impacts.5 Therefore, populations of P. maritimum decrease due to urbanization, tourism development, tourist trampling, alteration, destruction of dune systems and overcollection;6 in fact, excess of flowers sampling is seriously threatening the diversity of this species, resulting in a significant decrease of populations of P. maritimum. Actually, the flowering season of P. maritimum, and therefore the pleasure in seeing its beautiful flowers, begins in June and ends in September, coinciding with the period of excessive tourism in the Mediterranean, and at a time when simultaneously flowering plant taxa are scarce. Also, P. maritimum is receiving much attention from the international scientific community due to its value as a commercial ornamental plant.7–9
{"title":"On Pancratium maritimum (sea daffodil, sea lily, sand lily)","authors":"John Pouris, S. Rhizopoulou","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00037","url":null,"abstract":"Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) is a lily-like plant with daffodil-like leaves. P. maritimum is a bulbous perennial geophyte that is widely distributed, along the coastline of the Mediterranean region, from the Black Sea to part of the Atlantic coast.1–4 Coastal habitats are particularly vulnerable, because they change in response to both biotic and abiotic factors and their biodiversity is affected by the effects of sea-level rise and human-induced impacts.5 Therefore, populations of P. maritimum decrease due to urbanization, tourism development, tourist trampling, alteration, destruction of dune systems and overcollection;6 in fact, excess of flowers sampling is seriously threatening the diversity of this species, resulting in a significant decrease of populations of P. maritimum. Actually, the flowering season of P. maritimum, and therefore the pleasure in seeing its beautiful flowers, begins in June and ends in September, coinciding with the period of excessive tourism in the Mediterranean, and at a time when simultaneously flowering plant taxa are scarce. Also, P. maritimum is receiving much attention from the international scientific community due to its value as a commercial ornamental plant.7–9","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127211038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-08DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00038
E. Bulatasov, V. Popov, Vp Hanin
The integrated use of wood has been and remains one-Noah of the most relevant for industries engaged in the workpiece, the first customer handling and processing of timber.1 So far, in all of Russia is beneficial not used half, and separately in Siberia up to two-thirds of the biomass of a tree.2 The AAC, which reaches across the country 550Mm3/year, is used in average only 35%.3 Production of almost all technological operations in forestry development, treatment or processing of wood due to the formation of wood waste are secondary wood resources. From them or with their supplements can produce new products.4 Wood wastes are lump (solid) and soft (sawdust, shavings, dust).5 Wood waste depends on the type and location of their formation.4 By wastes include logging residues (twigs, branches, stubs, crown, thin-Dimensional illiquid wood, tree trunks and debris and al.), Their volume is 22... 26%.5 On woodworking enterprises is gor-were slats otkomlevki, trim, shavings, chips, their volume 25% and above.5 On plywood is pencils, veneer-flaw, trimming the logs, bark, sawdust, plywood trimming, dust, etc., and their volume of 50... 55%.5 Waste container production reach 32% -46 parquet] 0. By % whisker [kovye waste timber cutting in the country is processed mainly in the wood chips,6 is used for this disc and drum chippers.7 Rational primary grinding process timber opredelyaet-Xia minimum power consumption and a good cut quality, producing a specified particle size timber.8 With decreasing thickness the chip cut by cutting the specific work (work expended on the conversion per unit volume in the chips drevesius) increases due to the fact that for the separation of any volume dreVecino into fine particles is required to expend more work than in the deletion Research Institute for larger. Thus, from the standpoint of reducing power consumption for cutting if necessary converted into a certain amount of wood chips is more advantageous to cut thick chips, remembering that the quality of the treated surface thus deteriorating.9 In some industries (e.g., woodcement materials GOST P 54854-2011, hydrolysis -OGST 18320-78, solid n-biotite Lebanon GOST 54220-2010 and 55553-2013 GOST, polymer composite materials GOST 16361-87) quality requirements chopped dre-Vecino dimensions limited primarily wood particles and impurities containing Niemi. In order to reduce power consumption for cutting during the initial comminution timber for the above production iz must grow shallow wood chips in a large thickness, and power rates to the process of grinding in this case are basic. As an equipment for grinding wood cutting primenyayut special particle machines, which differ in the structure of the cutting mechanism and the feeder and appointment view feedstock.10 Particle machines are of the following types of cutting mechanism design: bowls, milling, disc, drum, rotor-channels.11 A cutting mechanism equipped with cutting tools bonded instruments in the form of knives, cutte
{"title":"Influence of forms and cutting edge front surface knife indicators for power reduction of wood","authors":"E. Bulatasov, V. Popov, Vp Hanin","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00038","url":null,"abstract":"The integrated use of wood has been and remains one-Noah of the most relevant for industries engaged in the workpiece, the first customer handling and processing of timber.1 So far, in all of Russia is beneficial not used half, and separately in Siberia up to two-thirds of the biomass of a tree.2 The AAC, which reaches across the country 550Mm3/year, is used in average only 35%.3 Production of almost all technological operations in forestry development, treatment or processing of wood due to the formation of wood waste are secondary wood resources. From them or with their supplements can produce new products.4 Wood wastes are lump (solid) and soft (sawdust, shavings, dust).5 Wood waste depends on the type and location of their formation.4 By wastes include logging residues (twigs, branches, stubs, crown, thin-Dimensional illiquid wood, tree trunks and debris and al.), Their volume is 22... 26%.5 On woodworking enterprises is gor-were slats otkomlevki, trim, shavings, chips, their volume 25% and above.5 On plywood is pencils, veneer-flaw, trimming the logs, bark, sawdust, plywood trimming, dust, etc., and their volume of 50... 55%.5 Waste container production reach 32% -46 parquet] 0. By % whisker [kovye waste timber cutting in the country is processed mainly in the wood chips,6 is used for this disc and drum chippers.7 Rational primary grinding process timber opredelyaet-Xia minimum power consumption and a good cut quality, producing a specified particle size timber.8 With decreasing thickness the chip cut by cutting the specific work (work expended on the conversion per unit volume in the chips drevesius) increases due to the fact that for the separation of any volume dreVecino into fine particles is required to expend more work than in the deletion Research Institute for larger. Thus, from the standpoint of reducing power consumption for cutting if necessary converted into a certain amount of wood chips is more advantageous to cut thick chips, remembering that the quality of the treated surface thus deteriorating.9 In some industries (e.g., woodcement materials GOST P 54854-2011, hydrolysis -OGST 18320-78, solid n-biotite Lebanon GOST 54220-2010 and 55553-2013 GOST, polymer composite materials GOST 16361-87) quality requirements chopped dre-Vecino dimensions limited primarily wood particles and impurities containing Niemi. In order to reduce power consumption for cutting during the initial comminution timber for the above production iz must grow shallow wood chips in a large thickness, and power rates to the process of grinding in this case are basic. As an equipment for grinding wood cutting primenyayut special particle machines, which differ in the structure of the cutting mechanism and the feeder and appointment view feedstock.10 Particle machines are of the following types of cutting mechanism design: bowls, milling, disc, drum, rotor-channels.11 A cutting mechanism equipped with cutting tools bonded instruments in the form of knives, cutte","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129904981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-07DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00036
S. Barua, A. H. Molla, M. Haque, M. S. Alam
Excessive inorganic fertilizers and plant protection chemicals usages in crop production induce risks of both human health and environment. Besides, generally 50% of N and 90% of P from applied inorganic fertilizers are fixed up in soils and run off, and ultimately it releases into atmosphere and water sources, which contribute for greenhouse gas generation, eutrophication and soil salinization.1,2 Application of excessive P induce cadmium in soil that come to food chains.3 Moreover nitrogen application increase nitrates in ground water which are finally responsible for N-nitroso compounds and ultimately often linked with fatal methemoglobinemia.4 To minimize these problems the relevant researchers have been trying to develop sustainable safe and environmental friendly technologies that will help to minimize usages of chemical fertilizers for crop production. Accordingly Trichoderma spp. enriched bio-organic fertilizers; pellets and suspension are being evaluated to monitor its performance in different crop production.5‒7 In recent years it has achieved recognition as plant growth promoter, enhanced antioxidant compounds,7,8 increased yield of several crops in field condition.6,10‒12 Besides, some Trichoderma rhizosphere-competent strains have been shown to have direct effects on plants, increasing their growth potential and nutrient uptake, fertilizer usage efficiency, percentage and rate of seed germination, and stimulation of plant defense against biotic and abiotic damages.13,14 Trichoderma metabolites and roots colonization by Trichoderma change the proteome and transcriptome of plants,15,16 which enhance plant growth and development but these mechanisms of Trichoderma plant interaction are not quite easy. Application of Trichoderma fungi ensures the favorable environment for growing and proliferation of abundant healthy roots and simultaneously plant derived sucrose which is an important resource provided by the Trichoderma spp. Cells.17 Thus plants become benefited from this relationship through increased root and shoot growth and increased macroand micronutrient uptake. Therefore, Trichoderma spp. are being treated as growth promoting (bioorganic fertilizer) as well as pathogen control agent (mycofungicide) and their application may lower the production cost of crops along with conserving congenial environment. Vegetable cultivation is one of the most important and dynamic wing of agriculture in Bangladesh. Among the cultivated vegetables in Bangladesh, bottle gourd (Lagenaria spp.) a cucurbit is a popular crop has now drawing attention to greater extent. Bottle gourd (Lagenaria spp.) is a common and delicious winter vegetable in Bangladesh. Generally bottle gourd fruits are used as fruit vegetable, but its leaves tender stem are used as delicious and nutritious leafy vegetable.18 It is reported as an easily digestible vegetable which keeps the body cool and prevents constipation. Its cultivation and usages are wide in winter but now a da
{"title":"Performance of Trichoderma-enriched bio-organic fertilizer in N supplementation and bottle gourd production in field condition","authors":"S. Barua, A. H. Molla, M. Haque, M. S. Alam","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00036","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive inorganic fertilizers and plant protection chemicals usages in crop production induce risks of both human health and environment. Besides, generally 50% of N and 90% of P from applied inorganic fertilizers are fixed up in soils and run off, and ultimately it releases into atmosphere and water sources, which contribute for greenhouse gas generation, eutrophication and soil salinization.1,2 Application of excessive P induce cadmium in soil that come to food chains.3 Moreover nitrogen application increase nitrates in ground water which are finally responsible for N-nitroso compounds and ultimately often linked with fatal methemoglobinemia.4 To minimize these problems the relevant researchers have been trying to develop sustainable safe and environmental friendly technologies that will help to minimize usages of chemical fertilizers for crop production. Accordingly Trichoderma spp. enriched bio-organic fertilizers; pellets and suspension are being evaluated to monitor its performance in different crop production.5‒7 In recent years it has achieved recognition as plant growth promoter, enhanced antioxidant compounds,7,8 increased yield of several crops in field condition.6,10‒12 Besides, some Trichoderma rhizosphere-competent strains have been shown to have direct effects on plants, increasing their growth potential and nutrient uptake, fertilizer usage efficiency, percentage and rate of seed germination, and stimulation of plant defense against biotic and abiotic damages.13,14 Trichoderma metabolites and roots colonization by Trichoderma change the proteome and transcriptome of plants,15,16 which enhance plant growth and development but these mechanisms of Trichoderma plant interaction are not quite easy. Application of Trichoderma fungi ensures the favorable environment for growing and proliferation of abundant healthy roots and simultaneously plant derived sucrose which is an important resource provided by the Trichoderma spp. Cells.17 Thus plants become benefited from this relationship through increased root and shoot growth and increased macroand micronutrient uptake. Therefore, Trichoderma spp. are being treated as growth promoting (bioorganic fertilizer) as well as pathogen control agent (mycofungicide) and their application may lower the production cost of crops along with conserving congenial environment. Vegetable cultivation is one of the most important and dynamic wing of agriculture in Bangladesh. Among the cultivated vegetables in Bangladesh, bottle gourd (Lagenaria spp.) a cucurbit is a popular crop has now drawing attention to greater extent. Bottle gourd (Lagenaria spp.) is a common and delicious winter vegetable in Bangladesh. Generally bottle gourd fruits are used as fruit vegetable, but its leaves tender stem are used as delicious and nutritious leafy vegetable.18 It is reported as an easily digestible vegetable which keeps the body cool and prevents constipation. Its cultivation and usages are wide in winter but now a da","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114999559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-07DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00035
Bulatasov Edward O, Popov Valery RN, Hanin Viktor RN
The results of a study of the process of grinding wood by a milling rotor with high damping capacity of the case. A decrease in the dynamic torque and the total cutting force is obtained. The dependence of the dynamic torque on the feed quantity on the knife during the milling of pine wood is established.
{"title":"Research of the milling rotor work with high damping capacity","authors":"Bulatasov Edward O, Popov Valery RN, Hanin Viktor RN","doi":"10.15406/hij.2018.02.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00035","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a study of the process of grinding wood by a milling rotor with high damping capacity of the case. A decrease in the dynamic torque and the total cutting force is obtained. The dependence of the dynamic torque on the feed quantity on the knife during the milling of pine wood is established.","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116951085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00034
Eleftherios C Tjamos
{"title":"The introduction of phytiatry in universities as a distinct science, is a primary necessity for food security and modernization of global agriculture","authors":"Eleftherios C Tjamos","doi":"10.15406/hij.2018.02.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114637062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00033
Snigdha Tripathy
Originated from a Gujarati word, “Wadi’’ implies a ‘small orchard’ usually covering one or two acres of land, has been initially introduced in the tribal district of ‘Dangs’ in Gujarat as an effective tool for tribal development. This program later on has been experimented and replicated in other part of India dominantly inhabited by tribal population with great degree of success. The Wadi may be of any fruit crop suitable to the area or a combination of these tree crops, with forestry species on the periphery of the land holdings. Two or more tree crops are selected in the Wadi model to minimize biological and marketing risks. As the program progresses with Wadi plantation of horticultural crops1 establishment and income generating activities, to support income generating activities, micro enterprises, water resources development. The main features of a Wadi model are economic betterment of the tribal farmers through sustainable agriculture, social empowerment, improvement in quality of life including health and women empowerment in tribal dominated areas of the country. The broad interventions are in the areas of land use planning, soil and water harvesting measures and improved farming based agro-forestry practices. Therefore, Wadi not only strengthens the agrarian livelihoods of the tribal households, but also increases food and nutritional security.
{"title":"Tribal development through horticultural plantations under WADI","authors":"Snigdha Tripathy","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00033","url":null,"abstract":"Originated from a Gujarati word, “Wadi’’ implies a ‘small orchard’ usually covering one or two acres of land, has been initially introduced in the tribal district of ‘Dangs’ in Gujarat as an effective tool for tribal development. This program later on has been experimented and replicated in other part of India dominantly inhabited by tribal population with great degree of success. The Wadi may be of any fruit crop suitable to the area or a combination of these tree crops, with forestry species on the periphery of the land holdings. Two or more tree crops are selected in the Wadi model to minimize biological and marketing risks. As the program progresses with Wadi plantation of horticultural crops1 establishment and income generating activities, to support income generating activities, micro enterprises, water resources development. The main features of a Wadi model are economic betterment of the tribal farmers through sustainable agriculture, social empowerment, improvement in quality of life including health and women empowerment in tribal dominated areas of the country. The broad interventions are in the areas of land use planning, soil and water harvesting measures and improved farming based agro-forestry practices. Therefore, Wadi not only strengthens the agrarian livelihoods of the tribal households, but also increases food and nutritional security.","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134506891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-31DOI: 10.15406/hij.2018.02.00032
Ismail Bezirganoglu
10 botanical groups based on the diverse forms. Whitaker & Davis,2 Munger & Robinson,3 Robinson & Decker-Walters4 also contributed to Naudins1 classification which remained a basis for melon intraspecific classification with amendments being brought today. These taxonomic studies results to the 7 intra-specific groups of melons known present: agrestis (wild melon), cantalupensis (sweet melon), inodorus (winter melon), flexuosus (snake melon or snake cucumber), conomon (pickling melon), dudaim (mango melon or pomegranate melon) and momordica (snap melon). Africa is considered to be the centre of origin for melon because of the frequent occurrence of wild species of Cucumis with the same basic chromosome number n=12.5 The secondary center of origin of melon is in Turkey, Syria, Iran, Afganistan, India, Turkmenistan, Tadjikistan and Uzbeskistan.China, Korea, Portugal and Spain were also referred as the secondary centres of diversity for these species. Whitaker & Bemis6 also indicated that C. melo are found only in eastern tropical Africa south of the Sahara. In addition to the results, Pitrat et al.7 reported that wild types are commonly found in the Sudano-Sahelian area Furthermore the secondary centre of diversity stretch from Asia the Mediterran to Japan. Cucumis melo, which came in many different forms and uses, is one of the important horticultural crops worldwide and plays an important role in international trade. The immature and mature melon fruits are used as dessert and vegetables.5 Melon seeds are also eaten after being slightly roasted, and is also used to produce edible oils. Pest and different agents, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses are known to provoke diseases and great losses in melons. Their distribution and impact on melon plants vary around the world. Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, Alternaria leaf blight and gummy stem blight are among the important fungal diseases known. Lecoq et al.8 discussed that some viral diseases that cause economic losses globally are Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV), Watermelon Mosaic Virus 2 (WMV 2), Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV), Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus (CABYV), Squash Mosaic Virus (SqMV) and Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus (WCSV).Pests such as the white fly, aphids, leaf miner and the fruit flyare different insect species known to infest melons. Damages caused by insect pest are either direct through insect feeding or indirect through transmission of viral diseases. White flies (Bemisia tabaci) known to transmit Geminiviruses as WCSV,9 while aphids are known to transmit both Luteo viruses as CABYV10 and Potyviruses as ZYMV.4 Leaf miners (Liriomyza spp.) caused damageon melons through feeding punctures while it larva bores leaf tissues.10 The melon fruit fly (Dacus spp.) also causes severe damage during oviposition of female fly in immature melon fruits.4
{"title":"Botany of Cucumis melo","authors":"Ismail Bezirganoglu","doi":"10.15406/hij.2018.02.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00032","url":null,"abstract":"10 botanical groups based on the diverse forms. Whitaker & Davis,2 Munger & Robinson,3 Robinson & Decker-Walters4 also contributed to Naudins1 classification which remained a basis for melon intraspecific classification with amendments being brought today. These taxonomic studies results to the 7 intra-specific groups of melons known present: agrestis (wild melon), cantalupensis (sweet melon), inodorus (winter melon), flexuosus (snake melon or snake cucumber), conomon (pickling melon), dudaim (mango melon or pomegranate melon) and momordica (snap melon). Africa is considered to be the centre of origin for melon because of the frequent occurrence of wild species of Cucumis with the same basic chromosome number n=12.5 The secondary center of origin of melon is in Turkey, Syria, Iran, Afganistan, India, Turkmenistan, Tadjikistan and Uzbeskistan.China, Korea, Portugal and Spain were also referred as the secondary centres of diversity for these species. Whitaker & Bemis6 also indicated that C. melo are found only in eastern tropical Africa south of the Sahara. In addition to the results, Pitrat et al.7 reported that wild types are commonly found in the Sudano-Sahelian area Furthermore the secondary centre of diversity stretch from Asia the Mediterran to Japan. Cucumis melo, which came in many different forms and uses, is one of the important horticultural crops worldwide and plays an important role in international trade. The immature and mature melon fruits are used as dessert and vegetables.5 Melon seeds are also eaten after being slightly roasted, and is also used to produce edible oils. Pest and different agents, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses are known to provoke diseases and great losses in melons. Their distribution and impact on melon plants vary around the world. Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, Alternaria leaf blight and gummy stem blight are among the important fungal diseases known. Lecoq et al.8 discussed that some viral diseases that cause economic losses globally are Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV), Watermelon Mosaic Virus 2 (WMV 2), Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV), Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus (CABYV), Squash Mosaic Virus (SqMV) and Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus (WCSV).Pests such as the white fly, aphids, leaf miner and the fruit flyare different insect species known to infest melons. Damages caused by insect pest are either direct through insect feeding or indirect through transmission of viral diseases. White flies (Bemisia tabaci) known to transmit Geminiviruses as WCSV,9 while aphids are known to transmit both Luteo viruses as CABYV10 and Potyviruses as ZYMV.4 Leaf miners (Liriomyza spp.) caused damageon melons through feeding punctures while it larva bores leaf tissues.10 The melon fruit fly (Dacus spp.) also causes severe damage during oviposition of female fly in immature melon fruits.4","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131926162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-26DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00045
A. Adlan, Asim F Abu Sarra
An experiment was conducted at the Gezira Research Farm in the winter season of 2009/10 and the kharif season of 2010 to study the effects of plant density on watermelon yield and quality. Treatments consisted of three intra-row spacing of 50, 70 and 90 cm and three number of plants per hole; 1, 2 and 3. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results indicated significant differences among treatments in number of branches plant in both seasons. However no significant differences were observed in vine length in both seasons and number of leaves/plant in the winter season, but in kharif season significant differences was observed in number of leaves/plant. Results of yield components indicated no significant differences among treatments in number of fruits per hectare. There were highly significant differences in marketable fruits yield in both seasons. Also, there were significant and highly significant differences in total soluble solids in the winter and kharif seasons, respectively. The results indicated that 70 cm intra-row spacing with one plant/hole gave the optimum plant density for watermelon, since it resulted in optimum growth and the highest marketable yield and best quality.
{"title":"Effects of plant density on yield and quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus thunb) under Gezira conditions, Sudan","authors":"A. Adlan, Asim F Abu Sarra","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2018.02.00045","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Gezira Research Farm in the winter season of 2009/10 and the kharif season of 2010 to study the effects of plant density on watermelon yield and quality. Treatments consisted of three intra-row spacing of 50, 70 and 90 cm and three number of plants per hole; 1, 2 and 3. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results indicated significant differences among treatments in number of branches plant in both seasons. However no significant differences were observed in vine length in both seasons and number of leaves/plant in the winter season, but in kharif season significant differences was observed in number of leaves/plant. Results of yield components indicated no significant differences among treatments in number of fruits per hectare. There were highly significant differences in marketable fruits yield in both seasons. Also, there were significant and highly significant differences in total soluble solids in the winter and kharif seasons, respectively. The results indicated that 70 cm intra-row spacing with one plant/hole gave the optimum plant density for watermelon, since it resulted in optimum growth and the highest marketable yield and best quality.","PeriodicalId":131171,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal ","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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