Pub Date : 2020-03-06DOI: 10.1002/9781119377351.ch3
{"title":"Main Elements of Risk Assessment","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/9781119377351.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119377351.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13118,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73719377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-06DOI: 10.1002/9781119377351.ch16
{"title":"Risk Analysis and Management for Operation","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/9781119377351.ch16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119377351.ch16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13118,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89152796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Finland, the traffic safety objectives are expressed in the number of fatalities. The number of traffic deaths should be halved in almost ten years. Usually the number of fatal accidents is too low for reliable model building, but the number of injury accidents is sufficient for modelling. Hence we use the number of injury accidents together with the average severity of accidents (deaths/injury accidents) to estimate how much some action contributes to road safety improvements.
{"title":"Accident Models","authors":"H. Peltola, R. Kulmala","doi":"10.1201/b17206-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b17206-8","url":null,"abstract":"In Finland, the traffic safety objectives are expressed in the number of fatalities. The number of traffic deaths should be halved in almost ten years. Usually the number of fatal accidents is too low for reliable model building, but the number of injury accidents is sufficient for modelling. Hence we use the number of injury accidents together with the average severity of accidents (deaths/injury accidents) to estimate how much some action contributes to road safety improvements.","PeriodicalId":13118,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89918713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thai agriculturists heavily used paraquat in agricultural areas to control weed and grasses. This study determined paraquat exposure among backpack sprayers in Thailand and identified determinants of occupational exposure. Breathing zone air and dermal samples were collected from 57 backpack sprayers while spraying. Spot urine samples were collected on the day before spraying, end of spraying event and the next day after spraying. The subjects were interviewed about general demographics, agricultural activities, pesticide application and personal protective equipment used while applying paraquat. Paraquat concentrations in urine samples, air samples and dermal samples were determined by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The median IQR of urinary paraquat concentrations on the day before spraying, end of spraying event, the next day after spraying were 2.51 (0.81-5.59), 8.23 (3.3-13.73) and 3.48 (1.03-8.19) μg/g creatinine, respectively. Concentrations of air samples and total dermal exposures were 5.15 (2.28-10.12) μg/m3and 92.66 (34.37-1647.46) μg/hr, respectively. Use of battery powered backpack sprayer and standing upwind effectively reduced inhalation exposures. Wearing a long sleeve shirt, long pants, boots, latex gloves and balaclava could reduce paraquat concentration on dermal exposure among backpack sprayers.
{"title":"Paraquat exposure of backpack sprayers in agricultural area in Thailand.","authors":"Pajaree Konthonbut, Pornpimol Kongtip, Noppanun Nankongnab, Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul, Witaya Yoosook, Susan Woskie","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2019.1684187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1684187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thai agriculturists heavily used paraquat in agricultural areas to control weed and grasses. This study determined paraquat exposure among backpack sprayers in Thailand and identified determinants of occupational exposure. Breathing zone air and dermal samples were collected from 57 backpack sprayers while spraying. Spot urine samples were collected on the day before spraying, end of spraying event and the next day after spraying. The subjects were interviewed about general demographics, agricultural activities, pesticide application and personal protective equipment used while applying paraquat. Paraquat concentrations in urine samples, air samples and dermal samples were determined by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The median IQR of urinary paraquat concentrations on the day before spraying, end of spraying event, the next day after spraying were 2.51 (0.81-5.59), 8.23 (3.3-13.73) and 3.48 (1.03-8.19) μg/g creatinine, respectively. Concentrations of air samples and total dermal exposures were 5.15 (2.28-10.12) μg/m<sup>3</sup>and 92.66 (34.37-1647.46) μg/hr, respectively. Use of battery powered backpack sprayer and standing upwind effectively reduced inhalation exposures. Wearing a long sleeve shirt, long pants, boots, latex gloves and balaclava could reduce paraquat concentration on dermal exposure among backpack sprayers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13118,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10807039.2019.1684187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39429867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1002/9781119483342.ch30
{"title":"Risk Assessment Framework for Detecting, Predicting, and Mitigating Aircraft Material Inspection","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/9781119483342.ch30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119483342.ch30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13118,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74541561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1002/9781119483342.ch22
{"title":"Developing Risk Model for Aviation Inspection and Maintenance Tasks","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/9781119483342.ch22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119483342.ch22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13118,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81668436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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