Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) is a recently developed plant growth retardant used in some fruit trees. However, it is important that the reduction of vegetative shoot growth does not decrease yield and fruit quality. In this study, the effects of Pro-Ca applications on the vegetative growth and some fruit quality of the Monroe peach, growing on vigor rootstock (GF 677) were investigated. For this reason, trees were sprayed twice with 0 (water + surfactant), 62.5, 125, 250 g 100 L water Pro-Ca in the annual shoots reached 5 cm within a three week interval in the spring of 2018 and 2019 years. Shoot length was decreased by 28-32% for shoots treated with Pro-Ca. The average internode length was significantly reduced for Pro-Ca-treated shoots. The lowest average internode length on the shoot was obtained with 125 and 250 g 100 L. The effects on fruit quality were positive in this study. Application of Pro-Ca (125 and 250 g 100 L) increased the fruit size and fruit mass of cv. Monroe’ peach. 250 g 100 L Pro-Ca concentration led to firmer fruit relative to the other applications and control fruits. Two application 125 or 250 g 100 L Pro-Ca applications were found more effective considering the criteria investigated. The Pro-Ca applications were found to be effective in controlling the vegetative shoot growth and fruit quality in cv. Monroe/GF-677 peach.
Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca)是近年来发展起来的一种植物生长抑制剂，主要应用于果树。然而，重要的是，营养芽生长的减少不会降低产量和果实品质。本试验研究了在活力砧木(GF 677)上施用Pro-Ca对门罗桃营养生长和部分果实品质的影响。因此，在2018年和2019年春季，每隔3周，在长至5厘米的一年生枝条上分别喷洒0(水+表面活性剂)、62.5、125、250 g 100 L水Pro-Ca两次。Pro-Ca处理的芽长减少28-32%。pro - ca处理显著降低了芽的平均节间长。在125和250 g 100 l处理下，茎部平均节间长最低，对果实品质有积极影响。施用125和250 g - 100 L的Pro-Ca可提高单株的果实大小和质量。梦露的桃子。250 g 100 L Pro-Ca浓度使果实相对于其他施用和对照果实更结实。考虑到所调查的标准，两次应用125或250 g 100 L Pro-Ca应用被发现更有效。结果表明，施用Pro-Ca能有效地控制无性芽的生长和果实品质。梦露/ gf - 677桃子。
{"title":"Effects of Prohexadione-Calcium on ‘Monroe/GF 677’ Peach Vegetative Shoot Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality","authors":"M. Çetinbaş, H. Sarısu, S. Butar","doi":"10.16882/hortis.954288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.954288","url":null,"abstract":"Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) is a recently developed plant growth retardant used in some fruit trees. However, it is important that the reduction of vegetative shoot growth does not decrease yield and fruit quality. In this study, the effects of Pro-Ca applications on the vegetative growth and some fruit quality of the Monroe peach, growing on vigor rootstock (GF 677) were investigated. For this reason, trees were sprayed twice with 0 (water + surfactant), 62.5, 125, 250 g 100 L water Pro-Ca in the annual shoots reached 5 cm within a three week interval in the spring of 2018 and 2019 years. Shoot length was decreased by 28-32% for shoots treated with Pro-Ca. The average internode length was significantly reduced for Pro-Ca-treated shoots. The lowest average internode length on the shoot was obtained with 125 and 250 g 100 L. The effects on fruit quality were positive in this study. Application of Pro-Ca (125 and 250 g 100 L) increased the fruit size and fruit mass of cv. Monroe’ peach. 250 g 100 L Pro-Ca concentration led to firmer fruit relative to the other applications and control fruits. Two application 125 or 250 g 100 L Pro-Ca applications were found more effective considering the criteria investigated. The Pro-Ca applications were found to be effective in controlling the vegetative shoot growth and fruit quality in cv. Monroe/GF-677 peach.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79674741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue culturing, which is an alternative method to clonal reproduction of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has started to become widespread in recent years. However, the browning of tissue resulting from the oxidation of phenolic compounds is one of the most important factors limiting success in the in vitro reproduction of avocados. Therefore, in this study, the effects of different antioxidants (activated charcoal (AC), ascorbic acid (ASA), citric acid (CA) alone or in combination with each other on browning and regeneration of avocado shoots, grown under in vitro conditions, were investigated. In the study, MS (Murashige and Skoog) nutrient medium with 1 mg L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg L-1 GA3 and 3% sucrose was used in all treatments. Moreover, antioxidants alone or combined with each other with different concentrations were used in the nutrient media in all treatments except the control. As a result of the research, the lowest browning intensity and the highest survival rate values were shown in the application of 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) alone and in the combination of 60 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) and 40 mg L-1 citric acid (CA). Furthermore, maximum shoot length (2.8 cm) and maximum leaf number (6.4) in terms of survival rate of the explants, shoot length and number of leaves were determined in MS nutrient medium containing a combination of 60 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) and 40 mg L-1 citric acid (CA).
{"title":"The Effect of Antioxidants on Micropropagation of Avocado by Nodal Segments","authors":"G. Güler, H. Gübbük, M. Arslan","doi":"10.16882/hortis.900936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.900936","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue culturing, which is an alternative method to clonal reproduction of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has started to become widespread in recent years. However, the browning of tissue resulting from the oxidation of phenolic compounds is one of the most important factors limiting success in the in vitro reproduction of avocados. Therefore, in this study, the effects of different antioxidants (activated charcoal (AC), ascorbic acid (ASA), citric acid (CA) alone or in combination with each other on browning and regeneration of avocado shoots, grown under in vitro conditions, were investigated. In the study, MS (Murashige and Skoog) nutrient medium with 1 mg L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg L-1 GA3 and 3% sucrose was used in all treatments. Moreover, antioxidants alone or combined with each other with different concentrations were used in the nutrient media in all treatments except the control. As a result of the research, the lowest browning intensity and the highest survival rate values were shown in the application of 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) alone and in the combination of 60 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) and 40 mg L-1 citric acid (CA). Furthermore, maximum shoot length (2.8 cm) and maximum leaf number (6.4) in terms of survival rate of the explants, shoot length and number of leaves were determined in MS nutrient medium containing a combination of 60 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) and 40 mg L-1 citric acid (CA).","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84937581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a positive relationship between pollination and fruit yield of almonds. Since self-incompatibility is a major problem in almond cultivars, foreign pollinators are generally used in almonds to get high yield and quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different pollinators (inbreed hybrid combinations) on fruit set and pomological characteristics of Texas almond cultivar in 2018 - 2019 growing seasons. Fruit set ratios varied between 3.6% (Texas × A3) and 5.2% (Texas × A4) in the first year of the study and between 8.0% (Texas × A3) and 13.2% (Texas × A2) in the second year. As the average of two years, the lowest fruit length (32.03 ± 2.45 mm) was observed in Texas × A4 combination and the greatest fruit length (35.31 ± 3.05 mm) was observed in Texas × A1 combination, whereas fruit width values varied between 19.37 ± 2.43 mm and 23.79 ± 1.33 mm. Although pollinators influenced fruit mass values, the greatest value (5.73 ± 0.74 g) was observed in Texas × A3 combination. It was concluded based on present findings that use of A2 cultivar as a pollinator in almond orchards established with Texas cultivar may have positive effects on fruit set.
{"title":"Effects of Different Pollinators on Fruit Set and Quality Attributes of Texas Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) Cultivar","authors":"M. Yaman, A. Uzun","doi":"10.16882/hortis.886517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.886517","url":null,"abstract":"There is a positive relationship between pollination and fruit yield of almonds. Since self-incompatibility is a major problem in almond cultivars, foreign pollinators are generally used in almonds to get high yield and quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different pollinators (inbreed hybrid combinations) on fruit set and pomological characteristics of Texas almond cultivar in 2018 - 2019 growing seasons. Fruit set ratios varied between 3.6% (Texas × A3) and 5.2% (Texas × A4) in the first year of the study and between 8.0% (Texas × A3) and 13.2% (Texas × A2) in the second year. As the average of two years, the lowest fruit length (32.03 ± 2.45 mm) was observed in Texas × A4 combination and the greatest fruit length (35.31 ± 3.05 mm) was observed in Texas × A1 combination, whereas fruit width values varied between 19.37 ± 2.43 mm and 23.79 ± 1.33 mm. Although pollinators influenced fruit mass values, the greatest value (5.73 ± 0.74 g) was observed in Texas × A3 combination. It was concluded based on present findings that use of A2 cultivar as a pollinator in almond orchards established with Texas cultivar may have positive effects on fruit set.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91539756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apple is one of the delicious fruit consumed by people. Apple cider vinegar was made through the traditional method and the changes occurred during the 8 week fermentation period were determined in this research. Total titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids (°brix), total phenolic contents, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays, phenolic contents were determined. Total phenolic substance, ORAC and TEAC values increased significantly weekly and reached the highest level in the 3 week. Total phenolic substance, ORAC and TEAC values of 3 week apple vinegar were determined as 1110.63 mg GAE L, 10.92 mM and 21.11 μmol TE mL, respectively. Apple vinegar samples had gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The major phenolic substances in apple vinegar were gallic acid and chlorogenic acid. While gallic acid value of 3 and 4 week apple vinegar were detected 11.91 and 23.69 mg L, respectively; chlorogenic acid value of 4 and 5 week apple vinegar were found 46.36 and 49.71 mg L. Antioxidant activity and phenolic substances values were not significant reduction during the acetic acid fermentation. In this study, the formation process of the functional and sensory properties of apple cider vinegar due to the change in the weekly antioxidant and bioactive component content of apple cider vinegar was emphasized.
苹果是人们常吃的美味水果之一。本研究采用传统方法制作苹果醋，测定了8周发酵过程中的变化。测定了总可滴定酸度、pH、总可溶性固形物(°brix)、总酚含量、氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)和Trolox等效抗氧化能力(TEAC)测定、酚含量。总酚物质、ORAC和TEAC值每周显著升高，在3周达到最高水平。测定3周苹果醋的总酚物质为1110.63 mg GAE L, ORAC为10.92 mM, TEAC为21.11 μmol TE mL。苹果醋样品含有没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、绿原酸和对香豆酸。苹果醋中的主要酚类物质为没食子酸和绿原酸。3周和4周苹果醋的没食子酸值分别为11.91和23.69 mg L;4周和5周苹果醋的绿原酸值分别为46.36和49.71 mg l，醋酸发酵过程中抗氧化活性和酚类物质值均未显著降低。本研究着重研究了苹果醋每周抗氧化和生物活性成分含量变化对苹果醋功能和感官特性的形成过程。
{"title":"Alteration of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content during the Eight-Week Fermentation of Apple Cider Vinegar","authors":"H. Budak","doi":"10.16882/hortis.882469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.882469","url":null,"abstract":"Apple is one of the delicious fruit consumed by people. Apple cider vinegar was made through the traditional method and the changes occurred during the 8 week fermentation period were determined in this research. Total titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids (°brix), total phenolic contents, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays, phenolic contents were determined. Total phenolic substance, ORAC and TEAC values increased significantly weekly and reached the highest level in the 3 week. Total phenolic substance, ORAC and TEAC values of 3 week apple vinegar were determined as 1110.63 mg GAE L, 10.92 mM and 21.11 μmol TE mL, respectively. Apple vinegar samples had gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The major phenolic substances in apple vinegar were gallic acid and chlorogenic acid. While gallic acid value of 3 and 4 week apple vinegar were detected 11.91 and 23.69 mg L, respectively; chlorogenic acid value of 4 and 5 week apple vinegar were found 46.36 and 49.71 mg L. Antioxidant activity and phenolic substances values were not significant reduction during the acetic acid fermentation. In this study, the formation process of the functional and sensory properties of apple cider vinegar due to the change in the weekly antioxidant and bioactive component content of apple cider vinegar was emphasized.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74698499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two onion varieties P2 and P3 and their products F1 and F2 were evaluated in summer and winter seasons for this investigation. Estimated mean values of different traits showed variations from generation to generation in each season. Values of six-parameters viz., ?̂?, [d], [h], e1, gd1, gh1 for all the characters were significant except gd1 for a number of leaves, leaf length and bulb volume and also [d] for leaf length and neck length. Overall means ‘?̂?’ had the highest magnitude than [d], [h], e1, gd1 and gh1 for all the characters. Environmental parameter ‘e1’ also exhibited higher magnitude than [d], gd1 and gh1. As the values of [d] and gd1 were found to be non-significant, 4parameter model was considered for leaf length only. Five-parameter model was considered for neck length, number of leaves and bulb volume and for rest of the traits 6-parameter model was considered. The goodness of fit test showed that 4, 5 and 6-parameter models were not adequate except bulb length and neck length. Therefore, for the development of these two traits in consideration of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction proper design and analysis needs to be done. Due to significant values for other characters the situations becoming more complex as G × E interaction model is inadequate, so for their exact genetic explanation G × E model needs to be extended to include linkage and non-allelic parameters.
{"title":"Detection and Estimation of Genetic and Environmental Parameters through Model Fitting of Ten Bulb Yield Contributing Traits in Onion","authors":"A. C. Deb, R. Ara","doi":"10.16882/hortis.949415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.949415","url":null,"abstract":"Two onion varieties P2 and P3 and their products F1 and F2 were evaluated in summer and winter seasons for this investigation. Estimated mean values of different traits showed variations from generation to generation in each season. Values of six-parameters viz., ?̂?, [d], [h], e1, gd1, gh1 for all the characters were significant except gd1 for a number of leaves, leaf length and bulb volume and also [d] for leaf length and neck length. Overall means ‘?̂?’ had the highest magnitude than [d], [h], e1, gd1 and gh1 for all the characters. Environmental parameter ‘e1’ also exhibited higher magnitude than [d], gd1 and gh1. As the values of [d] and gd1 were found to be non-significant, 4parameter model was considered for leaf length only. Five-parameter model was considered for neck length, number of leaves and bulb volume and for rest of the traits 6-parameter model was considered. The goodness of fit test showed that 4, 5 and 6-parameter models were not adequate except bulb length and neck length. Therefore, for the development of these two traits in consideration of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction proper design and analysis needs to be done. Due to significant values for other characters the situations becoming more complex as G × E interaction model is inadequate, so for their exact genetic explanation G × E model needs to be extended to include linkage and non-allelic parameters.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88960733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leaf area index (LAI) values in plants affect photosynthesis and carbohydrate production directly since it is a measure of photosynthetically active area and the area where transpiration occurs. Leaf area index is an important parameter required to determine plant water consumption by using climatic data and it is especially used in the calculation of aerodynamic resistance. Leaf area index vary depending on plant varieties and cultural practices and can be determined directly and indirectly by various methods. In this study, it was aimed to determine the LAI of four different crops (tomato, eggplant, cucumber and pepper) grown in Antalya, where greenhouse cultivation is intensive, depending on the cultural practices. The results showed that LAI was significantly affected by cultural practices such as leaf pruning and climatic differences. Leaf area index obtained from this study can be used to determine the crop evapotranspiration and aerodynamic resistance of four different plants grown under similar conditions.
{"title":"Variation of The Leaf Area Index of Some Vegetables Commonly Grown in Greenhouse Conditions with Cultural Practices","authors":"Cihan Karaca, D. Büyüktaş","doi":"10.16882/hortis.902525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.902525","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf area index (LAI) values in plants affect photosynthesis and carbohydrate production directly since it is a measure of photosynthetically active area and the area where transpiration occurs. Leaf area index is an important parameter required to determine plant water consumption by using climatic data and it is especially used in the calculation of aerodynamic resistance. Leaf area index vary depending on plant varieties and cultural practices and can be determined directly and indirectly by various methods. In this study, it was aimed to determine the LAI of four different crops (tomato, eggplant, cucumber and pepper) grown in Antalya, where greenhouse cultivation is intensive, depending on the cultural practices. The results showed that LAI was significantly affected by cultural practices such as leaf pruning and climatic differences. Leaf area index obtained from this study can be used to determine the crop evapotranspiration and aerodynamic resistance of four different plants grown under similar conditions.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88472662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Çandir, A. Özdemir, H. Yetişir, V. Aras, Ö. Arslan, Özay Baltaer, Mustafa Ünlü
1 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, 31001, Antakya, Turkey 2 Erciyes University Seyrani Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey 3 Alata Horticultural Research Institute, 33740, Mersin, Turkey 4 Mersin Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, 33130, Mersin, Turkey 2 Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
{"title":"Effects of Chilling Injury, Physical and Biochemical Changes on Grafted Watermelons Stored at Low Temperature","authors":"E. Çandir, A. Özdemir, H. Yetişir, V. Aras, Ö. Arslan, Özay Baltaer, Mustafa Ünlü","doi":"10.16882/hortis.951086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.951086","url":null,"abstract":"1 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, 31001, Antakya, Turkey 2 Erciyes University Seyrani Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey 3 Alata Horticultural Research Institute, 33740, Mersin, Turkey 4 Mersin Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, 33130, Mersin, Turkey 2 Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83476191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of a mathematical model approach, which is a non-destructive method to determine the leaf area, has been used safely in recent years. The most important reason for this is that the application is easy and the application cost is very low. The most important disadvantage of this method is that the derived models need calibration according to different crop varieties. In the study, firstly, the width (W) and length (L) measurements of each individual leaf taken from the crops were correlated with the actual area of the leaf and crop-specific models were developed. The actual area (LA) of each leaf used in the sampling was determined by the ImageJ software. In the study, 7 different models were derived for each crop species (1, LA=a+bL 2 +cL 2 /W 2 +dW 2 +eLW; 2, LA=a+bL 2 +cW 2 +dLW; 3, LA=a+bL 2 +cW 2 ; 4, LA=aL 2 +bW 2 ; 5, LA=aL b +cW d +e; 6, LA=a+bLW; 7, LA=aLW). The coefficients in the models were determined separately for each crop species. In order to evaluate the performance of the models, some performance criteria such as determination coefficient (R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE), mean bias error (MBE) and Willmott index (d) were used. In this study, leaf areas were estimated with high accuracy (R 2 =0.96 for tomato; R 2 =0.99 for pepper, eggplant and cucumber) with these models without using expensive measuring devices.
使用数学模型方法，这是一种非破坏性的方法来确定叶面积，近年来已被安全使用。最重要的原因是应用简单，应用成本很低。该方法最大的缺点是导出的模型需要根据不同的作物品种进行校准。在研究中，首先将作物单叶的宽度(W)和长度(L)测量值与叶片的实际面积相关联，并建立了作物特异性模型。每片树叶的实际面积(LA)由ImageJ软件确定。在本研究中，针对不同的作物品种建立了7个不同的模型(1,LA=a+bL 2 +cL 2 /W 2 +dW 2 +eLW;2、LA=a+bL 2 +cW 2 +dLW;3、LA=a+bL 2 +cW 2;4、LA=aL 2 + bw2;5、LA=aL b +cW d +e;6日,洛杉矶= a + bLW;7日,洛杉矶= aLW)。模型中的系数是针对每种作物单独确定的。为了评价模型的性能，使用了决定系数(r2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、相对误差(RE)、平均偏倚误差(MBE)和Willmott指数(d)等性能标准。在本研究中，番茄叶面积估算精度较高(r2 =0.96;r2 =0.99(辣椒、茄子和黄瓜)，无需使用昂贵的测量设备。
{"title":"Determination of Leaf Area of Some Vegetable Plants Grown under Greenhouse Condition by Non-Destructive Methods","authors":"Cihan Karaca, D. Büyüktaş, Süleyman Şehir","doi":"10.16882/hortis.841745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.841745","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a mathematical model approach, which is a non-destructive method to determine the leaf area, has been used safely in recent years. The most important reason for this is that the application is easy and the application cost is very low. The most important disadvantage of this method is that the derived models need calibration according to different crop varieties. In the study, firstly, the width (W) and length (L) measurements of each individual leaf taken from the crops were correlated with the actual area of the leaf and crop-specific models were developed. The actual area (LA) of each leaf used in the sampling was determined by the ImageJ software. In the study, 7 different models were derived for each crop species (1, LA=a+bL 2 +cL 2 /W 2 +dW 2 +eLW; 2, LA=a+bL 2 +cW 2 +dLW; 3, LA=a+bL 2 +cW 2 ; 4, LA=aL 2 +bW 2 ; 5, LA=aL b +cW d +e; 6, LA=a+bLW; 7, LA=aLW). The coefficients in the models were determined separately for each crop species. In order to evaluate the performance of the models, some performance criteria such as determination coefficient (R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE), mean bias error (MBE) and Willmott index (d) were used. In this study, leaf areas were estimated with high accuracy (R 2 =0.96 for tomato; R 2 =0.99 for pepper, eggplant and cucumber) with these models without using expensive measuring devices.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84613209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, sweet cherry fruit ( Prunus avium cv. 0900 Ziraat) were dipped into calcium (Ca) gluconate (calcium concentration of 1.5%) and distilled water (as control). The treated fruit were stored at 1 ± 0.5°C and 90% relative humidity for 4 weeks in two different packages. At weekly intervals, weight loss, fruit firmness, colour changes, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, sensory analysis, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of fruit and total chlorophyll content of stem were evaluated. As a result, Ca treatment positively affected sweet cherry fruits by maintaining firmness and decreasing respiration rate of sweet cherry fruit. Moreover, Ca treatment generally delayed the skin browning, and maintained fruit quality. Stem chlorophyll decomposition was retarded with Ca throughout cold the storage. Considering the sensory analysis, storage life of fruit could be prolonged at least up to 1 week by Ca1 (treated Ca-Glu and stored in plastic box with lid) treatment compared to other treatments.
{"title":"Effects of Calcium Treatment on Physical and Biochemical Changes of Cold-Stored Sweet Cherry Fruit","authors":"D. Erbaş, M. Koyuncu","doi":"10.16882/hortis.841633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.841633","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, sweet cherry fruit ( Prunus avium cv. 0900 Ziraat) were dipped into calcium (Ca) gluconate (calcium concentration of 1.5%) and distilled water (as control). The treated fruit were stored at 1 ± 0.5°C and 90% relative humidity for 4 weeks in two different packages. At weekly intervals, weight loss, fruit firmness, colour changes, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, sensory analysis, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of fruit and total chlorophyll content of stem were evaluated. As a result, Ca treatment positively affected sweet cherry fruits by maintaining firmness and decreasing respiration rate of sweet cherry fruit. Moreover, Ca treatment generally delayed the skin browning, and maintained fruit quality. Stem chlorophyll decomposition was retarded with Ca throughout cold the storage. Considering the sensory analysis, storage life of fruit could be prolonged at least up to 1 week by Ca1 (treated Ca-Glu and stored in plastic box with lid) treatment compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77799069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salicylic acid (SA) stimulates the mechanism of the plant defence and involves in a role in plant pathogen interactions. Plant parasitic nematodes are important biotic stresses causing negative effect on plant growth and development. Treatment of plant roots with SA may increase the plant defence mechanisms against biotic stresses. However, the treated effect of SA on plant defence mechanisms against a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, has not been fully understood in terms of plant pathogen interactions. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the most effective SA exposure time on increasing the plant defence and decreasing the nematode parasitism in Solanum lycopersicum. In addition, effects of SA treatment on the expression Pathogenesis Related Gene 5 (PR5) was evaluated. For this aim, tomato seedlings were exposed within 1000µM SA concentration with distinctive time durations. The expression of PR5 gene was accomplished using RT-PCR at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days post infection (dpi) for each sample. Root galling index, nematode number and reproduction rate were evaluated. Results revealed that nematode reproduction rate was decreased at in longer durations after SA treatment on roots. The highest nematode reproduction rate was determined in nematode+water (non-SA treatment) application compare to SA treatments. The highest increased level of expression of SlPR5 gene was determined in early (1 dpi) SA treatment + nematode infection. To conclude, SA treatment may increase the plant defence mechanisms and PR5 gene may involve in nematode-plant parasitism.
{"title":"Effect of Submerging Solanum lycopersicum Roots in Salicylic Acid (SA) Solution for Different Durations on Nematode Infection and Expressions of SlPR5 Gene","authors":"R. Bozbuğa","doi":"10.16882/hortis.833488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.833488","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA) stimulates the mechanism of the plant defence and involves in a role in plant pathogen interactions. Plant parasitic nematodes are important biotic stresses causing negative effect on plant growth and development. Treatment of plant roots with SA may increase the plant defence mechanisms against biotic stresses. However, the treated effect of SA on plant defence mechanisms against a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, has not been fully understood in terms of plant pathogen interactions. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the most effective SA exposure time on increasing the plant defence and decreasing the nematode parasitism in Solanum lycopersicum. In addition, effects of SA treatment on the expression Pathogenesis Related Gene 5 (PR5) was evaluated. For this aim, tomato seedlings were exposed within 1000µM SA concentration with distinctive time durations. The expression of PR5 gene was accomplished using RT-PCR at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days post infection (dpi) for each sample. Root galling index, nematode number and reproduction rate were evaluated. Results revealed that nematode reproduction rate was decreased at in longer durations after SA treatment on roots. The highest nematode reproduction rate was determined in nematode+water (non-SA treatment) application compare to SA treatments. The highest increased level of expression of SlPR5 gene was determined in early (1 dpi) SA treatment + nematode infection. To conclude, SA treatment may increase the plant defence mechanisms and PR5 gene may involve in nematode-plant parasitism.","PeriodicalId":13139,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81597683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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