Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880722
Afonso Carvalho, L. M. Correia, A. Grilo, Ricardo Dinis
The main purpose of this paper is to identify and study a variety of strategies that effectively reduce the end-to-end latency in both 4G and 5G networks. This latency reduction will allow operators to provide URLLC services to users, such as: remote surgeries, Intelligent Transport Systems and factory automation services. To verify if those services can be implemented using 4G and 5G systems, the developed model considers several variables: the MEC node deployment option, the functionality splitting options, the radio techniques and the network architectures. The MEC technology appears in the paper as the solution that allows the end-to-end latency values to reach values below 1 ms, which are required for some of the URLLC services. The results obtained show that the 4G system does not have enough capacity to allow the existence of the upcoming services. Even with the MEC node deployment that minimises the latency, the LTE network is not able to provide the URLLC services under study. The simulations show that using the adequate latency reduction strategies and radio techniques, the 5G system has enough capacity and sufficiently low latencies to provide the upcoming services.
{"title":"Analysis of Strategies for Minimising End-to-End Latency in 5G Networks","authors":"Afonso Carvalho, L. M. Correia, A. Grilo, Ricardo Dinis","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880722","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to identify and study a variety of strategies that effectively reduce the end-to-end latency in both 4G and 5G networks. This latency reduction will allow operators to provide URLLC services to users, such as: remote surgeries, Intelligent Transport Systems and factory automation services. To verify if those services can be implemented using 4G and 5G systems, the developed model considers several variables: the MEC node deployment option, the functionality splitting options, the radio techniques and the network architectures. The MEC technology appears in the paper as the solution that allows the end-to-end latency values to reach values below 1 ms, which are required for some of the URLLC services. The results obtained show that the 4G system does not have enough capacity to allow the existence of the upcoming services. Even with the MEC node deployment that minimises the latency, the LTE network is not able to provide the URLLC services under study. The simulations show that using the adequate latency reduction strategies and radio techniques, the 5G system has enough capacity and sufficiently low latencies to provide the upcoming services.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128443284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880626
D. Milovančev, N. Vokić, F. Honz, Martin Achleitner, C. Pacher, B. Schrenk
Performance of linear avalanche photodiode-based balanced homodyne receiver (APD BHD) is examined and compared to reference BHD based on PIN photodiodes, in terms of common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), quantum-to-classical noise clearance (QCNR) and sensitivity in coherent reception of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation format. NIST randomness validation was performed on sampled data for quantum random number generator (QRNG). Achieved CMRR values were 50 dB and 30 dB at 100 MHz and 1 GHz, respectively. QCNR of 20 dB at low input power of −20 dBm was demonstrated. Optical sensitivity of APD BHD coherent receiver compared to its PIN BHD counterpart can be improved by 3 dB at low local oscillator (LO) powers, whereas for high LO powers the sensitivity of APD BHD approaches the values for PIN BHD.
{"title":"Balanced APD homodyne receiver for quantum applications","authors":"D. Milovančev, N. Vokić, F. Honz, Martin Achleitner, C. Pacher, B. Schrenk","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880626","url":null,"abstract":"Performance of linear avalanche photodiode-based balanced homodyne receiver (APD BHD) is examined and compared to reference BHD based on PIN photodiodes, in terms of common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), quantum-to-classical noise clearance (QCNR) and sensitivity in coherent reception of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation format. NIST randomness validation was performed on sampled data for quantum random number generator (QRNG). Achieved CMRR values were 50 dB and 30 dB at 100 MHz and 1 GHz, respectively. QCNR of 20 dB at low input power of −20 dBm was demonstrated. Optical sensitivity of APD BHD coherent receiver compared to its PIN BHD counterpart can be improved by 3 dB at low local oscillator (LO) powers, whereas for high LO powers the sensitivity of APD BHD approaches the values for PIN BHD.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127545348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880618
Gert Freiberger, H. Schreiber
The field of applications for ultra-wideband (UWB) radar has been growing in recent years. One interesting use-case is life presence detection, which is finding living bodies - human or animal - in an otherwise static environment. An example is the localization of humans under debris (e.g. after earthquakes). But also, the automotive sector has found use-cases for UWB radars: monitoring of the driver's vital functions or reminding the driver of children or animals left inside, when the user locks the car and walks away. In particular, it is quite a challenge to detect infants in cars within a short period of time. Compared to adults not a lot of measurement data is available for infants and there are also no appropriate models for numerical simulation. This paper presents the development of such a model including results from simulations that make use of the model.
{"title":"Modelling Child Life Presence Detection with Ultra-Wideband Radars for an Automotive Environment","authors":"Gert Freiberger, H. Schreiber","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880618","url":null,"abstract":"The field of applications for ultra-wideband (UWB) radar has been growing in recent years. One interesting use-case is life presence detection, which is finding living bodies - human or animal - in an otherwise static environment. An example is the localization of humans under debris (e.g. after earthquakes). But also, the automotive sector has found use-cases for UWB radars: monitoring of the driver's vital functions or reminding the driver of children or animals left inside, when the user locks the car and walks away. In particular, it is quite a challenge to detect infants in cars within a short period of time. Compared to adults not a lot of measurement data is available for infants and there are also no appropriate models for numerical simulation. This paper presents the development of such a model including results from simulations that make use of the model.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127426281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880768
Mohammad Mohammadi Erbati, M. M. Tajiki, Faramarz Keshvari, Gregor Schiele
By exploiting the benefits of virtualization and cloud computing technologies, Network Function Virtualization enables networks to be more flexible, manageable, and scalable. Ultra-low latency applications in 5G, 6G and IoT demand very low latency and assured QoS. With limited network resources, network providers must develop an effective strategy to support ultra-low latency applications. We propose a novel Service Function Chaining algorithm in this paper with the goal of minimizing latency and optimizing physical resource allocation for ultra-low latency applications while having the minimum possible negative effects on other applications. We prioritize ultra-low latency traffic flows and enable them to optimize their provisioning paths by using reserved physical resources (bandwidth, CPU, and memory). We provide a mathematical model for the SFC embedding problem in the form of an Integer Linear Programming optimization model that takes QoS constraints into account (related to latency and consumption of links and servers). We present a heuristic algorithm for obtaining near-optimal solutions with the smallest possible optimality gap and execution time, allowing it to be applied to real-world network topologies. The performance evaluations show that our proposed algorithms effectively provide better results for ultra-low latency applications in terms of end-to-end delay (up to 20 percent), bandwidth utilization (up to 27 percent) and SFC acceptance rate (up to 10 percent) compared to the existing algorithms.
{"title":"Service function chaining to support ultra-low latency communication in NFV","authors":"Mohammad Mohammadi Erbati, M. M. Tajiki, Faramarz Keshvari, Gregor Schiele","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880768","url":null,"abstract":"By exploiting the benefits of virtualization and cloud computing technologies, Network Function Virtualization enables networks to be more flexible, manageable, and scalable. Ultra-low latency applications in 5G, 6G and IoT demand very low latency and assured QoS. With limited network resources, network providers must develop an effective strategy to support ultra-low latency applications. We propose a novel Service Function Chaining algorithm in this paper with the goal of minimizing latency and optimizing physical resource allocation for ultra-low latency applications while having the minimum possible negative effects on other applications. We prioritize ultra-low latency traffic flows and enable them to optimize their provisioning paths by using reserved physical resources (bandwidth, CPU, and memory). We provide a mathematical model for the SFC embedding problem in the form of an Integer Linear Programming optimization model that takes QoS constraints into account (related to latency and consumption of links and servers). We present a heuristic algorithm for obtaining near-optimal solutions with the smallest possible optimality gap and execution time, allowing it to be applied to real-world network topologies. The performance evaluations show that our proposed algorithms effectively provide better results for ultra-low latency applications in terms of end-to-end delay (up to 20 percent), bandwidth utilization (up to 27 percent) and SFC acceptance rate (up to 10 percent) compared to the existing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132771732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880757
Matej Kren, A. Kos, Urban Sedlar
Honeypots are one of the important mechanisms in cybersecurity; they represent resources that appear interesting to attackers - either computing resources or data - but are deployed with the sole purpose of studying the techniques and tools of the attackers themselves. As such they are an invaluable resource for detecting the attacks, tools, and for protecting the systems, and many novel domains of application exist. In this paper we present a metric for evaluating the attractiveness of new types of honeypots, that aims to strike a balance between attractiveness of the honeypot for attackers and the real-world popularity of the mimicked system, which is reflected in the usefulness of the collected data. The score is based on the vulnerability density, breach cost, effectiveness of countermeasures, the compliance index, and the size of the real-world install base of the application. A practical calculation is presented based on the proposed formula.
{"title":"Estimating Application Cyberthreat Impact Score for Honeypot Coverage Prioritization","authors":"Matej Kren, A. Kos, Urban Sedlar","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880757","url":null,"abstract":"Honeypots are one of the important mechanisms in cybersecurity; they represent resources that appear interesting to attackers - either computing resources or data - but are deployed with the sole purpose of studying the techniques and tools of the attackers themselves. As such they are an invaluable resource for detecting the attacks, tools, and for protecting the systems, and many novel domains of application exist. In this paper we present a metric for evaluating the attractiveness of new types of honeypots, that aims to strike a balance between attractiveness of the honeypot for attackers and the real-world popularity of the mimicked system, which is reflected in the usefulness of the collected data. The score is based on the vulnerability density, breach cost, effectiveness of countermeasures, the compliance index, and the size of the real-world install base of the application. A practical calculation is presented based on the proposed formula.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132155870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880710
Blaž Pongrac, A. Sarjaš, D. Gleich
In this paper, preliminary research into Terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy imaging is presented. Terahertz imaging is mainly based on broadband systems in reflection mode. Resolution is lower, but the data acquisition time is high. In the proposed method, a continuous wave system was utilized. The proposed imaging approach is a hybrid between raster imaging and full-frame imaging. Several overlapping full-frame images were acquired and processed using the proposed image reconstruction. The proposed image reconstruction consists of intensity, phase difference estimation, and Gauss spotlight filter. Experimental results show great promise for further development of the proposed Terahertz imaging approach.
{"title":"THz imaging based on Frequency Domain Spectroscopy","authors":"Blaž Pongrac, A. Sarjaš, D. Gleich","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880710","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, preliminary research into Terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy imaging is presented. Terahertz imaging is mainly based on broadband systems in reflection mode. Resolution is lower, but the data acquisition time is high. In the proposed method, a continuous wave system was utilized. The proposed imaging approach is a hybrid between raster imaging and full-frame imaging. Several overlapping full-frame images were acquired and processed using the proposed image reconstruction. The proposed image reconstruction consists of intensity, phase difference estimation, and Gauss spotlight filter. Experimental results show great promise for further development of the proposed Terahertz imaging approach.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132495793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880653
S. Hanczewski, J. Weissenberg
The paper presents algorithms for queuing packets (queue disciplines) in multi-service networks in relation to the theoretical queuing algorithm called SDFIFO. For this purpose, the analytical model of the multi-service system with SDFIFO discipline is described. Then the influence of the choice of considered queue disciplines on the accuracy of the analytical model of the multi-service queuing system servicing the streams of elastic and adaptive traffic is discussed.
{"title":"The Impact of the Adopted Queue Discipline on the Accuracy of the Analytical Model in Queuing Systems with Elastic and Adaptive Traffic","authors":"S. Hanczewski, J. Weissenberg","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880653","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents algorithms for queuing packets (queue disciplines) in multi-service networks in relation to the theoretical queuing algorithm called SDFIFO. For this purpose, the analytical model of the multi-service system with SDFIFO discipline is described. Then the influence of the choice of considered queue disciplines on the accuracy of the analytical model of the multi-service queuing system servicing the streams of elastic and adaptive traffic is discussed.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127189051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/cobcom55489.2022.9880828
G. Marinova
{"title":"Innovative approach in a CEEPUS academic network","authors":"G. Marinova","doi":"10.1109/cobcom55489.2022.9880828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cobcom55489.2022.9880828","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129554681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880719
Nadia Abd Razak, Callum T. Geldard, Egecan Guler, W. Popoola
This paper presents the implementation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC). The OFDM signal is encoded with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and transmitted using a blue light emitting diode (LED) through a range of water conditions. The underwater link is initially characterised, then the effect of turbidity on the link performance is investigated. The error performance of QAM-OFDM transmission deteriorates as the turbidity increases. Finally, bit and power loading technique is applied to maximise the available data rate for the channel conditions.
{"title":"Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Underwater Optical Wireless Communications","authors":"Nadia Abd Razak, Callum T. Geldard, Egecan Guler, W. Popoola","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880719","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the implementation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC). The OFDM signal is encoded with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and transmitted using a blue light emitting diode (LED) through a range of water conditions. The underwater link is initially characterised, then the effect of turbidity on the link performance is investigated. The error performance of QAM-OFDM transmission deteriorates as the turbidity increases. Finally, bit and power loading technique is applied to maximise the available data rate for the channel conditions.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126157075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880745
Saman Zahiri-Rad, Ziad Salem, A. Weiss, E. Leitgeb
Wrist-worn devices enable access to essential information and they are suitable for a wide range of applications, such as gesture and activity recognition. Wrist-worn devices require appropriate technologies when used in sensitive areas, overcoming vulnerabilities in regard to security and privacy. In this work, we propose an approach to recognize wrist rotation by utilizing Visible Light Communication (VLC) that is enabled by low-cost LEDs in an indoor environment. In this regard, we address the channel model of a VLC communicating wristband (VLCcw) in terms of the following factors. The directionality and the spectral composition of the light and the corresponding spectral sensitivity and the directional characteristics of the utilized photodiode (PD). We verify our VLCcw from the simulation environment by a small-scale experimental setup. Then, we analyze the system when white and RGBW LEDs are used. In addition, we optimized the VLCcw system by adding more receivers for the purpose of reducing the number of LEDs on VLCcw. Our results show that the proposed approach generates a feasible real-world simulation environment.
{"title":"An Optimal Solution for a Human Wrist Rotation Recognition System by Utilizing Visible Light Communication","authors":"Saman Zahiri-Rad, Ziad Salem, A. Weiss, E. Leitgeb","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880745","url":null,"abstract":"Wrist-worn devices enable access to essential information and they are suitable for a wide range of applications, such as gesture and activity recognition. Wrist-worn devices require appropriate technologies when used in sensitive areas, overcoming vulnerabilities in regard to security and privacy. In this work, we propose an approach to recognize wrist rotation by utilizing Visible Light Communication (VLC) that is enabled by low-cost LEDs in an indoor environment. In this regard, we address the channel model of a VLC communicating wristband (VLCcw) in terms of the following factors. The directionality and the spectral composition of the light and the corresponding spectral sensitivity and the directional characteristics of the utilized photodiode (PD). We verify our VLCcw from the simulation environment by a small-scale experimental setup. Then, we analyze the system when white and RGBW LEDs are used. In addition, we optimized the VLCcw system by adding more receivers for the purpose of reducing the number of LEDs on VLCcw. Our results show that the proposed approach generates a feasible real-world simulation environment.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121691944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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