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Air Traffic Simulation and Modeling Framework 空中交通模拟与建模框架
Philipp Ortner, Raphael Steinhöfler, E. Leitgeb, H. Flühr
The development of air traffic and the variety of aircraft accessing European airspace poses special challenges for the Air Traffic Management (ATM) network. One of the main tasks in this respect is Air Traffic Control (ATC). Until today, European airspace is fragmented and divided along national borders. In other words, limited resource airspace is divided into zones, where each zone is subdivided into sectors and managed by air traffic controllers. This fact in turn leads to inefficiency and congestion, resulting in a deterioration of flight safety, greater costs, more delays and higher emissions. To develop a more comprehensive understanding of airspace utilization, economic, emission-related effects and mechanisms for detecting and resolving air traffic conflicts, flight models are indispensable. This research simulates different realistic air traffic models with and without air traffic conflicts that can compromise flight safety and paralyze airspace. Regarding to the air traffic conflicts, weather events, emergency situations, human factors and cyber attacks against aircraft and ground infrastructure are investigated and considered. In the simulation process an user defined number of flights with a selection of pseudo-random weighted air traffic conflicts is generated to obtain reliable and structured data. These event-driven data are subsequently used for future ATM solutions such as digital human assistance systems or for fully automated Unmanned ATM (UTM) solutions to ensure safe and efficient operations while reducing costs, delays and emissions.
空中交通的发展和进入欧洲空域的各种飞机对空中交通管理(ATM)网络提出了特殊的挑战。这方面的主要任务之一是空中交通管制(ATC)。直到今天,欧洲的领空都是支离破碎的,并沿着国家边界划分。换句话说,将有限资源的空域划分为区域,每个区域又细分为扇区,由空中交通管制员进行管理。这一事实反过来导致效率低下和拥堵,导致飞行安全恶化、成本增加、延误和排放增加。为了更全面地了解空域利用、经济、排放相关影响以及发现和解决空中交通冲突的机制,飞行模型是必不可少的。本研究模拟了不同的现实空中交通模型,在有和没有空中交通冲突的情况下,空中交通冲突会危及飞行安全并使空域瘫痪。对于空中交通冲突,天气事件,紧急情况,人为因素以及针对飞机和地面基础设施的网络攻击进行了调查和考虑。在仿真过程中,生成用户自定义的航班数量,并选择伪随机加权空中交通冲突,以获得可靠的结构化数据。这些事件驱动的数据随后被用于未来的ATM解决方案,如数字人工辅助系统或全自动无人ATM (UTM)解决方案,以确保安全高效的运营,同时降低成本、延迟和排放。
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引用次数: 4
Dynamic allocation of resources in a heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network 异构云无线接入网络中资源的动态分配
I. Boskov, A. Švigelj
The development and automation of Quality of Service (QoS) networks requires efficient algorithms for dynamic resource allocation. The main goal of these algorithms is to provide services that meet the QoS requirements of individual users while ensuring efficient use of network resources. Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a future direction in wireless communications to implement cellular radio access subsystems in current 4G, 5G and next generation networks. In the C-RAN architecture, the baseband units (BBUs) reside in a group of virtual base stations connected to the radio remote controllers (RRHs) through a high-bandwidth, low-latency front-haul network. The C-RAN architecture offers significant advantages in terms of centralized resource pooling, network flexibility, and cost savings. In this work, we demonstrate a heterogeneous C-RAN network that implements a dynamic resource allocation algorithm that enables optimal resource utilization in mobile communication networks. The C-RAN network is implemented with OpenStack and uses Docker containers to switch between LTE and GSM systems while the algorithm computes the optimal resources for the highest achievable throughput.
服务质量(QoS)网络的发展和自动化需要高效的动态资源分配算法。这些算法的主要目标是在保证有效利用网络资源的同时,提供满足单个用户QoS要求的服务。云无线接入网(C-RAN)是无线通信的未来发展方向,在当前的4G、5G和下一代网络中实现蜂窝无线接入子系统。在C-RAN架构中,基带单元(BBUs)驻留在一组虚拟基站中,这些虚拟基站通过高带宽、低延迟的前传网络与无线电远程控制器(RRHs)连接。C-RAN架构在集中资源池、网络灵活性和成本节约方面提供了显著的优势。在这项工作中,我们展示了一种异构C-RAN网络,该网络实现了动态资源分配算法,可在移动通信网络中实现最佳资源利用。C-RAN网络通过OpenStack实现,并使用Docker容器在LTE和GSM系统之间切换,同时算法计算可实现最高吞吐量的最佳资源。
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引用次数: 0
AWG-Wuckler: A Novel Software Tool for Flexible Design of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings AWG-Wuckler:一种用于阵列波导光栅柔性设计的新型软件工具
Severin Keller, Duško Vuković, S. Serečunová, D. Seyringer, Fiorentino Valerio Conte
A new software tool, called AWG-Wuckler, is developed to calculate geometric parameters of arrayed waveguide grating structures for telecommunication and medical applications. These parameters are crucial for a AWG layout which will be created and simulated using commercial photonic design tools. The design process of AWG is very complex because its geometric dimensions depend on a large number of input design parameters and other input design parameters. Often geometric constraints require an adjustment of the input design parameters and vice versa. Calculation and adjustment of the geometric parameters is a time-consuming process that is currently not fully supported by any commercial photonic tool. AWG-Wuckler tool overcomes this issue and offers a fast and easy to use solution. The tool was already applied in various AWG designs and is technologically well proven.
一种名为AWG-Wuckler的新软件工具被开发出来,用于计算用于电信和医疗应用的阵列波导光栅结构的几何参数。这些参数对于将使用商业光子设计工具创建和模拟的AWG布局至关重要。AWG的几何尺寸取决于大量的输入设计参数和其他输入设计参数,因此设计过程非常复杂。通常几何约束要求调整输入设计参数,反之亦然。几何参数的计算和调整是一个耗时的过程,目前没有任何商业光子工具完全支持。AWG-Wuckler工具克服了这个问题,并提供了一个快速和易于使用的解决方案。该工具已经应用于各种AWG设计中,并且在技术上得到了很好的验证。
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引用次数: 0
5G Mobile Communications versus Aeronautical Radio Altimeters — Considerations from Aviation and Industry 5G移动通信与航空无线电高度计——来自航空和工业的考虑
Holger Fluhr
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引用次数: 0
Downlink Throughput Prediction in LTE Cellular Networks Using Time Series Forecasting 基于时间序列预测的LTE蜂窝网络下行吞吐量预测
Ali Mostafa, M. Elattar, T. Ismail
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks have transformed the mobile business, as users increasingly require various network services such as video streaming, online gaming, and video conferencing. A network planning approach is required for network services to meet user expectations and meet their needs. The User DownLink (UE DL) throughput is considered the most effective Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for measuring the user experience. As a result, the forecast of UE DL throughput is essential in network dimensioning for the network planning team throughout the network design stage. The proposed system employs several KPIs to predict UE DL throughput by combining machine learning and deep learning framework for a time series forecasting rather than the traditional statistical technique based on downlink traffic only. The proposed scheme identifies the most significant KPIs that affect UE DL throughput and provides accurate results based on prediction.
长期演进(LTE)蜂窝网络已经改变了移动业务,因为用户越来越需要各种网络服务,如视频流、在线游戏和视频会议。网络服务要满足用户的期望和需求,就需要一种网络规划方法。用户下行链路(UE DL)吞吐量被认为是衡量用户体验最有效的关键性能指标(KPI)。因此,在整个网络设计阶段,对UE DL吞吐量的预测对于网络规划团队的网络尺寸至关重要。该系统通过结合机器学习和深度学习框架进行时间序列预测,而不是仅基于下行流量的传统统计技术,采用多个kpi来预测UE DL吞吐量。该方案确定了影响UE DL吞吐量的最重要kpi,并基于预测提供了准确的结果。
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引用次数: 3
Efficient Energy Management in a Microgrid 微电网中的高效能源管理
V. Guliashki, G. Marinova
The role of an energy management system (EMS) in a microgrid is studied in this paper. A task is formulated to optimize the economic costs of the considered microgrid without using an EMS. The respective task is solved on a specific example. Then an EMS is introduced in the microgrid, the correspondent model is modified, and a new task is solved. New energy schedules are calculated, providing higher energy efficiency for the microgrid. The Matlab environment is used to run a standard solver. A significant improvement in the cost outcomes is achieved due to the EMS operation activity. It is an illustration of the importance of EMS effect in microgrid applications. The presented approach can be used to incorporate an EMS into a real microgrid.
本文研究了能源管理系统在微电网中的作用。制定了一项任务,在不使用EMS的情况下优化所考虑的微电网的经济成本。在一个具体的例子上解决了各自的任务。然后在微电网中引入环境管理系统,对相应的模型进行修正,解决了一个新的问题。计算新的能源计划,为微电网提供更高的能源效率。使用Matlab环境运行标准求解器。由于EMS操作活动,成本结果得到了显著改善。这说明了EMS效应在微电网应用中的重要性。所提出的方法可用于将EMS并入实际的微电网。
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引用次数: 0
Commissioning a Fully-Reconfigurable Communication Chain in a CCSDS-Compliant Way on OPS-SAT Satellite 基于ccsds的全可重构通信链在OPS-SAT卫星上调试
Maximilian Henkel, Andreas J. Hörmert, M. Kubicka, R. Zeif
Communication is a core functionality of any satellite. Satellites always need to exchange data. This data is passed through a chain of components representing the communication chain. On ESA's OPS-SAT mission software experiments are running on the processing platform. They have to be uploaded and their results downloaded. Therefore, the communication chain needs to support high bandwidths to enable these operations. Moreover, OPS-SAT's communication chain is reconfigurable and can be switched between a nominal and a bypass mode. This bypass mode enables direct access for a software experiment to the radios. There are no more intermediate processing steps and thereby a raw interface to the data-link layer is provided. After OPS-SAT's launch all peripherals were commissioned as it is done for every satellite. However, since the ground segment requires standards compliance, this bypass mode needed a dedicated commissioning strategy to prove its correct operation. Here, we report the chosen commissioning approach on the ground and in space together with the results. Further, this shows a unique way of commissioning a satellite's communication chain. Moreover it provides a motivation for employing more advanced test scenarios, especially in constrained conditions, to extend the possible test coverage.
通信是任何卫星的核心功能。卫星总是需要交换数据。此数据通过表示通信链的组件链传递。在ESA的OPS-SAT任务中,软件实验在处理平台上运行。他们必须上传和下载他们的结果。因此,通信链需要支持高带宽来实现这些操作。此外,OPS-SAT的通信链是可重构的,可以在标称模式和旁路模式之间切换。这种旁路模式使软件实验能够直接访问无线电。没有更多的中间处理步骤,因此提供了到数据链路层的原始接口。OPS-SAT发射后,所有的外围设备都像每颗卫星一样进行了调试。然而,由于地面段需要符合标准,这种旁路模式需要一个专门的调试策略来证明其正确运行。在这里,我们报告了在地面和太空中选择的调试方法以及结果。此外,这显示了一种调试卫星通信链的独特方式。此外,它为采用更高级的测试场景提供了动机,特别是在受限的条件下,以扩展可能的测试覆盖。
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引用次数: 1
Design, Simulation & Optimization on Electrical and Optical Parameters of Alq3 QW-OLED Alq3 QW-OLED光电参数的设计、仿真与优化
Shaimaa Gamal, I. Talkhan, Tawfik Ismail
Although the light-emitting diode (LED) was discovered in the 1900s, it is now widely used in lighting, screens, and a variety of other indoor and outdoor applications. (Organic Light Emitting Diode) OLED is one of the advancing branches of LED technology. In the structure of Alq3 OLEDs, highlight-efficiency optical materials such as TPD (hole transport layer) and Alq3 (electron transport layer) have been used. Organic light emitting layers are between two electrical contacts. The anode was made of indium tin oxide (ITO), and the cathode was made of aluminiumlithium (Al/Li). This article reports the modelling and simulation of the Alq3 organic light-emitting diode (OLED) before and after applying quantum well (QW) using the general-purpose photovoltaic device model-GPVDM simulation. A reverse voltage of -2.24 V has been applied to the OLED. Light output current density variance curves have been obtained, as have the light flux and the current.
虽然发光二极管(LED)是在20世纪被发现的,但它现在被广泛应用于照明,屏幕和各种其他室内和室外应用。有机发光二极管(OLED)是LED技术的前沿分支之一。在Alq3 oled的结构中,采用了TPD(空穴输运层)和Alq3(电子输运层)等高能效光学材料。有机发光层位于两个电触点之间。阳极由氧化铟锡(ITO)制成,阴极由铝锂(Al/Li)制成。本文采用通用光伏器件模型- gpvdm仿真,对应用量子阱(QW)前后的Alq3有机发光二极管(OLED)进行了建模和仿真。在OLED上施加了-2.24 V的反向电压。得到了光输出电流密度、光通量和电流的变化曲线。
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引用次数: 0
OFDM Symbol-timing and Carrier-frequency Offset Estimation Based on Singular Value Decomposition 基于奇异值分解的OFDM符号定时与载波频偏估计
Ziad Hatab, Hiroaki Takahashi, M. Gadringer, W. Bosch
In this paper, we present a new technique for estimating symbol-timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The method we present is based on detecting a training sequence at the beginning of an OFDM stream using singular value decomposition (SVD), where STO and CFO are simultaneously estimated. We show by numerical simulations that our algorithm significantly improves STO and CFO estimation compared to conventional maximum likelihood (ML) techniques at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values.
本文提出了一种估计正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中符号时序偏移(STO)和载波频率偏移(CFO)的新技术。我们提出的方法是基于使用奇异值分解(SVD)在OFDM流的开始检测训练序列,其中STO和CFO同时估计。我们通过数值模拟表明,在低信噪比(SNR)值下,与传统的最大似然(ML)技术相比,我们的算法显着提高了STO和CFO估计。
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引用次数: 0
Application of the 2D Local Entropy Information in Sparse TFD Reconstruction 二维局部熵信息在稀疏TFD重建中的应用
Vedran Jurdana, I. Volaric, V. Sucic
This paper investigates a method for information extraction from the time-frequency distributions (TFDs) based on the local Rényi entropy (LRE) calculated in 2-dimensional (2D) time-frequency (TF) regions. The obtained entropy map information has been projected on the time and frequency axes, estimating the local number of components. The local number of components obtained in this way has been compared to the existing 1D estimation method and applied in the shrinkage operator of a sparse TFD reconstruction algorithm. The obtained results confirm that the estimation based on the 2D entropy map achieves higher accuracy on the considered synthetic and real-life signals corrupted by noise when compared to the accuracy of the 1D method, improving both the shrinking operator classification and the TFD reconstruction performance.
本文研究了一种基于二维时频(TF)区域计算的局部rsamnyi熵(LRE)的时频分布信息提取方法。将得到的熵图信息投影到时间轴和频率轴上,估计局部分量的数量。将这种方法得到的局部分量数与现有的一维估计方法进行了比较,并应用于稀疏TFD重建算法的收缩算子。结果表明,与一维方法相比,基于二维熵图的估计在被噪声破坏的合成信号和真实信号上获得了更高的精度,提高了收缩算子分类和TFD重建性能。
{"title":"Application of the 2D Local Entropy Information in Sparse TFD Reconstruction","authors":"Vedran Jurdana, I. Volaric, V. Sucic","doi":"10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoBCom55489.2022.9880775","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a method for information extraction from the time-frequency distributions (TFDs) based on the local Rényi entropy (LRE) calculated in 2-dimensional (2D) time-frequency (TF) regions. The obtained entropy map information has been projected on the time and frequency axes, estimating the local number of components. The local number of components obtained in this way has been compared to the existing 1D estimation method and applied in the shrinkage operator of a sparse TFD reconstruction algorithm. The obtained results confirm that the estimation based on the 2D entropy map achieves higher accuracy on the considered synthetic and real-life signals corrupted by noise when compared to the accuracy of the 1D method, improving both the shrinking operator classification and the TFD reconstruction performance.","PeriodicalId":131597,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127938026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)
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