Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3532258
Zhongyu Bai;Hongli Xu;Qichuan Ding;Xiangyue Zhang
Sonar image classification is challenging due to the limited availability and long-tail distribution of labeled sonar samples. In this work, a Feature Contrastive Transfer Learning (FCTL) framework is proposed for few-shot long-tailed sonar image classification. The proposed framework combines transfer learning and contrastive learning to improve model performance under limited labeled data. First, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is pre-trained on a large-scale image dataset to learn general feature representations. Then, contrastive learning is employed to maximize the similarity between positive sample pairs and minimize the similarity between positive and negative sample pairs. Specifically, positive samples are generated through a Gaussian feature enhancement method, while the remaining samples in a batch are negative. In addition, a balanced sampling strategy is employed to optimize the unbalanced feature distribution of long-tailed samples. Experiments on two different sonar image datasets demonstrate that the FCTL framework outperforms existing methods in few-shot long-tailed sonar image classification tasks.
{"title":"Feature Contrastive Transfer Learning for Few-Shot Long-Tail Sonar Image Classification","authors":"Zhongyu Bai;Hongli Xu;Qichuan Ding;Xiangyue Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3532258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3532258","url":null,"abstract":"Sonar image classification is challenging due to the limited availability and long-tail distribution of labeled sonar samples. In this work, a Feature Contrastive Transfer Learning (FCTL) framework is proposed for few-shot long-tailed sonar image classification. The proposed framework combines transfer learning and contrastive learning to improve model performance under limited labeled data. First, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is pre-trained on a large-scale image dataset to learn general feature representations. Then, contrastive learning is employed to maximize the similarity between positive sample pairs and minimize the similarity between positive and negative sample pairs. Specifically, positive samples are generated through a Gaussian feature enhancement method, while the remaining samples in a batch are negative. In addition, a balanced sampling strategy is employed to optimize the unbalanced feature distribution of long-tailed samples. Experiments on two different sonar image datasets demonstrate that the FCTL framework outperforms existing methods in few-shot long-tailed sonar image classification tasks.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"562-566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3530518
Fang Ye;Weibo Hao;Jingchao Li;Yibing Li
This letter discusses the spectrum trading problem between UAVs acting as aerial access points and a macro base station (MBS). The study aims to address the complex game-theoretic interactions between the MBS and multiple UAVs to enhance the benefits for all parties involved. We propose a combined spectrum trading scheme for multiple UAV operators jointly requesting spectrum from the MBS. For each UAV operator, we introduce an optimal contract design problem based on cooperation and present a method utilizing greedy strategies and block coordinate descent to solve it. Compared to schemes that ignore composite contract, cooperative spectrum trading increases the transaction volume by 32.41% in the scenario we set.
{"title":"Multi-Principal Spectrum Trading Incentive for UAV-Enabled Wireless Networks","authors":"Fang Ye;Weibo Hao;Jingchao Li;Yibing Li","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3530518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3530518","url":null,"abstract":"This letter discusses the spectrum trading problem between UAVs acting as aerial access points and a macro base station (MBS). The study aims to address the complex game-theoretic interactions between the MBS and multiple UAVs to enhance the benefits for all parties involved. We propose a combined spectrum trading scheme for multiple UAV operators jointly requesting spectrum from the MBS. For each UAV operator, we introduce an optimal contract design problem based on cooperation and present a method utilizing greedy strategies and block coordinate descent to solve it. Compared to schemes that ignore composite contract, cooperative spectrum trading increases the transaction volume by 32.41% in the scenario we set.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"557-561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529898
Song Zha;Haiyang Xia;Jijun Huang;Peiguo Liu
Radio environment maps (REMs) forecasting is critical for wireless communication, yet existing methods have notable gaps, hindering efficient, reliable, and secure spectrum utilization. This letter introduces an innovative network, ST-CSFNet, that addresses these limitations, particularly their dependence on radiation source information and their failure to capture spatiotemporal dynamics. ST-CSFNet enhances REM forecasting accuracy through multiscale temporal analysis, capturing sequence dynamics across intervals, and by assessing spatial correlations, it accurately extracts spatial characteristics at various granularities. Specifically, it reduces MAE by 37.6%, RMSE by 29.5%, and increases $mathrm {R}^{2}$ by 6.3%, showcasing significant advancements in REM forecasting accuracy.
{"title":"ST-CSFNet: Spatial-Temporal Cross Scale FNet for Radio Environment Map Forecasting","authors":"Song Zha;Haiyang Xia;Jijun Huang;Peiguo Liu","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529898","url":null,"abstract":"Radio environment maps (REMs) forecasting is critical for wireless communication, yet existing methods have notable gaps, hindering efficient, reliable, and secure spectrum utilization. This letter introduces an innovative network, ST-CSFNet, that addresses these limitations, particularly their dependence on radiation source information and their failure to capture spatiotemporal dynamics. ST-CSFNet enhances REM forecasting accuracy through multiscale temporal analysis, capturing sequence dynamics across intervals, and by assessing spatial correlations, it accurately extracts spatial characteristics at various granularities. Specifically, it reduces MAE by 37.6%, RMSE by 29.5%, and increases <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathrm {R}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by 6.3%, showcasing significant advancements in REM forecasting accuracy.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"547-551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3530139
Junliang Yang;Shaoshuai Gao;Yan Lu;Zhao Yang;Guofang Tu
The aggregated visible light communication (VLC) and radio frequency (RF) system, which can be regarded as a heterogeneous multiple-input multiple-output system, has been studied to operate with novel multiple access technologies for effectively expanding spectrum resources. In this letter, we propose a novel cooperative rate splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based aggregated VLC/RF system that forwards part of common stream via device-to-device (D2D) RF sidelinks to tackle the problem of fairness among users. Meanwhile, with the objective of maximizing the minimum achievable rate, we jointly optimize the precoder, rate allocation of common stream, and power allocation of RF sidelinks under the constraint of limited total system power. Since the formulated optimization problem is non-convex, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA) methods are applied to solve it. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other baseline schemes in terms of user fairness, i.e., the minimum achievable rate in different scenarios and demonstrates robustness against blockages.
{"title":"Max-Min Fairness of Cooperative RSMA for Aggregated VLC/RF Systems","authors":"Junliang Yang;Shaoshuai Gao;Yan Lu;Zhao Yang;Guofang Tu","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3530139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3530139","url":null,"abstract":"The aggregated visible light communication (VLC) and radio frequency (RF) system, which can be regarded as a heterogeneous multiple-input multiple-output system, has been studied to operate with novel multiple access technologies for effectively expanding spectrum resources. In this letter, we propose a novel cooperative rate splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based aggregated VLC/RF system that forwards part of common stream via device-to-device (D2D) RF sidelinks to tackle the problem of fairness among users. Meanwhile, with the objective of maximizing the minimum achievable rate, we jointly optimize the precoder, rate allocation of common stream, and power allocation of RF sidelinks under the constraint of limited total system power. Since the formulated optimization problem is non-convex, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA) methods are applied to solve it. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other baseline schemes in terms of user fairness, i.e., the minimum achievable rate in different scenarios and demonstrates robustness against blockages.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"552-556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529531
Yibo Chen;Zhijin Zhao;Xueyi Ye;Shilian Zheng;Xiaoniu Yang
In order to intelligently select the frequency points of each subnet in the asynchronous dynamic orthogonal networking (ADON), we propose the QMIX algorithm based on dataset aggregation and options architecture (DO-QMIX). Joint reward is maximized to mitigate the problem of partially observable environment. Specifically, we first pre-train the network by dataset aggregation (DAgger) to improve the sample utilization. Then, we fine-tune the policy via experiences generated by options architecture (OA) to avoid getting trapped in local optima. Numerical results show that the proposed DO-QMIX outperforms the comparison algorithms in the three complex electromagnetic environments.
{"title":"Intelligent Decision-Making for Asynchronous Dynamic Orthogonal Networking Based on DO-QMIX Algorithm","authors":"Yibo Chen;Zhijin Zhao;Xueyi Ye;Shilian Zheng;Xiaoniu Yang","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529531","url":null,"abstract":"In order to intelligently select the frequency points of each subnet in the asynchronous dynamic orthogonal networking (ADON), we propose the QMIX algorithm based on dataset aggregation and options architecture (DO-QMIX). Joint reward is maximized to mitigate the problem of partially observable environment. Specifically, we first pre-train the network by dataset aggregation (DAgger) to improve the sample utilization. Then, we fine-tune the policy via experiences generated by options architecture (OA) to avoid getting trapped in local optima. Numerical results show that the proposed DO-QMIX outperforms the comparison algorithms in the three complex electromagnetic environments.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"537-541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pointing error has a significant impact on the performance of millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) communications due to directional transmission. Currently existing pointing error models are lacking in capturing the mmWave/THz radiation characteristics and/or the impact of antenna design and array design. Therefore, in this letter, a simple analytical pointing error model for highly directional mmWave/THz transmission is proposed. By utilizing the Gaussian beam approximation for both the array element radiation pattern and the array factor, the presented model incorporates antenna design parameters (maximum gain and 3 dB beamwidth) and array design parameters (number of array elements, element spacing, and 3 dB beamwidth). This approximation is validated via electromagnetic simulations in CST Microwave Studio. Afterwards, the statistics of the pointing error are derived according to the Gaussian beam approximation, and it is demonstrated that the pointing error follows a special case of the negative log-Gamma distribution with the shape parameter of 2 and the scale parameter depending on antenna/array design and jitter variance. It is shown that the proposed model aligns perfectly with the simulation results. Moreover, the outage performance of an aerial communication scenario is analyzed to examine the impact of pointing errors. The results have revealed that the antenna and array design parameters are as influential as the jitter variance, and they cannot be neglected.
{"title":"An Improved Pointing Error Model for mmWave and THz Links: Antenna and Array Design Impact","authors":"Evla Safahan Ahrazoglu;Ahmet Caner Gul;Mehmet Nuri Akinci;Ibrahim Altunbas;Eylem Erdogan","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529519","url":null,"abstract":"Pointing error has a significant impact on the performance of millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) communications due to directional transmission. Currently existing pointing error models are lacking in capturing the mmWave/THz radiation characteristics and/or the impact of antenna design and array design. Therefore, in this letter, a simple analytical pointing error model for highly directional mmWave/THz transmission is proposed. By utilizing the Gaussian beam approximation for both the array element radiation pattern and the array factor, the presented model incorporates antenna design parameters (maximum gain and 3 dB beamwidth) and array design parameters (number of array elements, element spacing, and 3 dB beamwidth). This approximation is validated via electromagnetic simulations in CST Microwave Studio. Afterwards, the statistics of the pointing error are derived according to the Gaussian beam approximation, and it is demonstrated that the pointing error follows a special case of the negative log-Gamma distribution with the shape parameter of 2 and the scale parameter depending on antenna/array design and jitter variance. It is shown that the proposed model aligns perfectly with the simulation results. Moreover, the outage performance of an aerial communication scenario is analyzed to examine the impact of pointing errors. The results have revealed that the antenna and array design parameters are as influential as the jitter variance, and they cannot be neglected.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"532-536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529729
Ngoc M. Ngo;Trung T. Nguyen;Phuc H. Nguyen;Van-Dinh Nguyen
Low harvested energy poses a significant challenge to sustaining continuous communication in energy harvesting (EH)-powered wireless sensor networks. This is mainly due to intermittent and limited power availability from radio frequency signals. In this letter, we introduce a novel energy-aware resource allocation problem aimed at enabling the asynchronous accumulate-then-transmit protocol, offering an alternative to the extensively studied harvest-then-transmit approach. Specifically, we jointly optimize power allocation and time fraction dedicated to EH to maximize the average long-term system throughput, accounting for both data and energy queue lengths. By leveraging inner approximation and network utility maximization techniques, we develop a simple yet efficient iterative algorithm that guarantees at least a local optimum and achieves long-term utility improvement. Numerical results highlight the proposed approach’s effectiveness in terms of both queue length and sustained system throughput.
{"title":"Energy-Aware Resource Allocation for Energy Harvesting Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes","authors":"Ngoc M. Ngo;Trung T. Nguyen;Phuc H. Nguyen;Van-Dinh Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529729","url":null,"abstract":"Low harvested energy poses a significant challenge to sustaining continuous communication in energy harvesting (EH)-powered wireless sensor networks. This is mainly due to intermittent and limited power availability from radio frequency signals. In this letter, we introduce a novel energy-aware resource allocation problem aimed at enabling the asynchronous accumulate-then-transmit protocol, offering an alternative to the extensively studied harvest-then-transmit approach. Specifically, we jointly optimize power allocation and time fraction dedicated to EH to maximize the average long-term system throughput, accounting for both data and energy queue lengths. By leveraging inner approximation and network utility maximization techniques, we develop a simple yet efficient iterative algorithm that guarantees at least a local optimum and achieves long-term utility improvement. Numerical results highlight the proposed approach’s effectiveness in terms of both queue length and sustained system throughput.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"542-546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529310
Yu Liang;Xiangjun Li;Pingzhi Fan
Orthogonal time frequency Space (OTFS) modulation was developed to mitigate the adverse effects of Doppler shifts. However, accurately estimating phase noise within the delay-Doppler (DD) domain remains a formidable challenge. This letter delves into the compensation of carrier phase error (CPE) and its impact on OTFS modulation performance. To achieve this, a time-frequency (TF) domain-aided phase noise estimation scheme is proposed. First, a superimposed pilot scheme is introduced, in which the superimposed phase-tapped reference symbols (PTRS) are employed in the TF domain for estimating the CPE. Subsequently, a method that utilizes pilots in the DD domain to estimate the DD domain channel, and PTRSs in the TF domain to estimate the CPE is proposed. Through an iterative algorithm bridging these domains, the proposed scheme adeptly compensates for CPE in the DD domain. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance in terms of normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and bit error rate (BER), particularly in scenarios involving oscillator phase noise in both 28 GHz and 70 GHz systems.
{"title":"Time-Frequency Domain PTRS Aided OTFS Phase Noise Compensation","authors":"Yu Liang;Xiangjun Li;Pingzhi Fan","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529310","url":null,"abstract":"Orthogonal time frequency Space (OTFS) modulation was developed to mitigate the adverse effects of Doppler shifts. However, accurately estimating phase noise within the delay-Doppler (DD) domain remains a formidable challenge. This letter delves into the compensation of carrier phase error (CPE) and its impact on OTFS modulation performance. To achieve this, a time-frequency (TF) domain-aided phase noise estimation scheme is proposed. First, a superimposed pilot scheme is introduced, in which the superimposed phase-tapped reference symbols (PTRS) are employed in the TF domain for estimating the CPE. Subsequently, a method that utilizes pilots in the DD domain to estimate the DD domain channel, and PTRSs in the TF domain to estimate the CPE is proposed. Through an iterative algorithm bridging these domains, the proposed scheme adeptly compensates for CPE in the DD domain. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance in terms of normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and bit error rate (BER), particularly in scenarios involving oscillator phase noise in both 28 GHz and 70 GHz systems.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"527-531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529214
Yebo Gu;Haozhen Qu;Tao Shen
This letter investigates the use of pilot-based codebook artificial noise (PCAN) in Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems to enhance physical layer security. ISAC technology integrates communication and sensing through shared resources, emphasizing the need for secure strategies. PCAN allows the receiver to extract information from the pilot codebook, effectively removing interference and increasing secrecy capacity. The non-convex secrecy capacity optimization problem is addressed by decomposing it into simpler subproblems. A semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize secrecy capacity while maintaining sensing accuracy. Simulation results show significant improvements, particularly at low and moderate Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), with consistent gains at high SNRs. This work underscores the role of optimization techniques in enhancing secure communication and balancing secrecy with sensing performance in ISAC systems.
{"title":"Enhancing Secrecy Capacity in Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems Using Pilot-Based Codebook Artificial Noise","authors":"Yebo Gu;Haozhen Qu;Tao Shen","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3529214","url":null,"abstract":"This letter investigates the use of pilot-based codebook artificial noise (PCAN) in Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems to enhance physical layer security. ISAC technology integrates communication and sensing through shared resources, emphasizing the need for secure strategies. PCAN allows the receiver to extract information from the pilot codebook, effectively removing interference and increasing secrecy capacity. The non-convex secrecy capacity optimization problem is addressed by decomposing it into simpler subproblems. A semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize secrecy capacity while maintaining sensing accuracy. Simulation results show significant improvements, particularly at low and moderate Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), with consistent gains at high SNRs. This work underscores the role of optimization techniques in enhancing secure communication and balancing secrecy with sensing performance in ISAC systems.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"522-526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3528968
Xiaohua Zhou;Tianyu Fang;Yijie Mao
Benefiting from its capability to generalize existing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures and provide additional design flexibility via interactions between RIS elements, beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has attracted considerable research interests recently. However, due to the symmetric and unitary passive beamforming constraint imposed on BD-RIS, existing joint active and passive beamforming optimization algorithms for BD-RIS either exhibit high computational complexity to achieve near optimal solutions or rely on heuristic algorithms with substantial performance loss. In this letter, we address this issue by proposing an efficient optimization framework for BD-RIS assisted multi-user multi-antenna communication networks. Specifically, we solve the weighted sum rate maximization problem by introducing a novel beamforming optimization algorithm that alternately optimizes active and passive beamforming matrices using iterative closed-form solutions. Numerical results demonstrate that our algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity while ensuring a sub-optimal solution.
{"title":"Joint Active and Passive Beamforming Optimization for Beyond Diagonal RIS-Aided Multi-User Communications","authors":"Xiaohua Zhou;Tianyu Fang;Yijie Mao","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3528968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3528968","url":null,"abstract":"Benefiting from its capability to generalize existing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures and provide additional design flexibility via interactions between RIS elements, beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has attracted considerable research interests recently. However, due to the symmetric and unitary passive beamforming constraint imposed on BD-RIS, existing joint active and passive beamforming optimization algorithms for BD-RIS either exhibit high computational complexity to achieve near optimal solutions or rely on heuristic algorithms with substantial performance loss. In this letter, we address this issue by proposing an efficient optimization framework for BD-RIS assisted multi-user multi-antenna communication networks. Specifically, we solve the weighted sum rate maximization problem by introducing a novel beamforming optimization algorithm that alternately optimizes active and passive beamforming matrices using iterative closed-form solutions. Numerical results demonstrate that our algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity while ensuring a sub-optimal solution.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":"517-521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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