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Neural correlates of response to joint attention in 2-to-5-year-olds in relation to ASD and social-communicative abilities: An fNIRS and behavioral study 2-5岁儿童对共同注意的反应与自闭症和社会交流能力的神经相关性:一项 fNIRS 和行为研究。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3149
Alessandra Piatti, Sara Van der Paelt, Petra Warreyn, Herbert Roeyers

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with life-long challenges with social cognition, and one of its earliest and most common manifestations is atypical joint attention, which is a pivotal skill in social-cognitive and linguistic development. Early interventions for ASD children often focus on training initiation of joint attention (IJA) and response to joint attention bids (RJA), which are important for social communication and cognition. Here, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy and behavioral measures to test typically developing (TD, n = 17) and ASD children (n = 18), to address the relationship between the neural correlates of RJA and social-communicative behavior. Group-level differences were present for RJA-specific activation over right temporal sites, where TD children showed higher levels of activation during RJA than ASD children, whereas the two groups did not differ in the control condition. Correlations between neural activation and behavioral traits suggest that, in ASD children, neural activation during RJA is related to the frequency of RJA behavior when the former is measured over left temporal sites, and to social affect symptoms when considered for right temporal sites. Possible implications of the evidenced correlations are discussed.

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)与社交认知方面的终生挑战有关,其最早和最常见的表现之一是不典型的联合注意,而联合注意是社交认知和语言发展中的一项关键技能。对 ASD 儿童的早期干预通常侧重于训练联合注意的启动(IJA)和对联合注意竞标的反应(RJA),这对社会交流和认知非常重要。在这里,我们使用功能性近红外光谱和行为测量方法对典型发育中儿童(TD,n = 17)和 ASD 儿童(n = 18)进行了测试,以探讨 RJA 的神经相关性与社会交流行为之间的关系。右侧颞叶部位的RJA特异性激活存在组间差异,TD儿童在RJA过程中显示出比ASD儿童更高的激活水平,而两组儿童在对照条件下没有差异。神经激活与行为特征之间的相关性表明,在 ASD 儿童中,RJA 期间的神经激活与 RJA 行为的频率有关(如果前者是在左颞侧部位测量的),而与社会情感症状有关(如果是在右颞侧部位测量的)。本文讨论了所证实的相关性可能产生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Child and caregiver predictors of primary caregiver participation in families of school-aged Autistic children 学龄自闭症儿童家庭中主要照顾者参与的儿童和照顾者预测因素。
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3166
Gemma Davy, Josephine Barbaro, Katy Unwin, Megan Clark, Rachel Jellett, Perrin Date, Melanie Muniandy, Cheryl Dissanayake

Engaging in meaningful activities (e.g., leisure, spiritual, fitness) significantly affects caregivers' quality of life (QoL), yet the determinants of participation in caregivers of Autistic children remain largely unknown. The current study examined child and caregiver correlates of primary caregiver participation in meaningful activities. One hundred and six primary caregivers of Autistic children (7–12 years) were recruited from three unique cohorts of Autistic children in this cross-sectional study. Primary caregivers completed online questionnaires measuring occupational gaps (i.e., desired activities caregivers are not participating in), QoL, parenting stress, perceived family outcomes, and social support. In addition to undertaking direct assessments of children's cognition and language, primary caregivers also reported on their child's adaptive behavior, social–emotional skills, and participation. Caregivers reporting fewer occupational gaps (i.e., ≤2 desired activities) were more likely to have Autistic children with no co-occurring conditions, who were older, and with better adaptive behaviors, social–emotional skills, and more frequent home and school participation, compared to caregivers reporting many gaps (i.e., ≥3 desired activities). Caregivers with fewer occupational gaps also reported improved QoL, parenting stress, social support, perceived community inclusiveness, and family outcomes. Logistic regression analysis identified child age, child adaptive behavior, social–emotional skills, home participation, and the caregivers' perceived family outcomes and QoL as important predictors of their occupational gaps. The findings demonstrate that caregiver participation in desired activities was associated with increased functional ability and independence of the child, as well as their perceived capacity to meet their child's needs. Supporting parents' sense of efficacy in meeting their children's needs and building their skills and knowledge will serve to improve both caregiver and child outcomes.

参与有意义的活动(如休闲、精神和健身)会极大地影响照顾者的生活质量(QoL),但自闭症儿童照顾者参与活动的决定因素在很大程度上仍不为人所知。本研究探讨了儿童和照顾者参与有意义活动的相关因素。这项横断面研究从三个独特的自闭症儿童队列中招募了 16 名自闭症儿童(7-12 岁)的主要照顾者。主要照护者填写了在线问卷,测量职业差距(即照护者未参与的理想活动)、QoL、养育压力、感知的家庭成果和社会支持。除了对孩子的认知和语言进行直接评估外,主要照顾者还报告了孩子的适应行为、社会情感技能和参与情况。与报告有较多空白(即≥3 项预期活动)的照护者相比,报告有较少空白(即≤2 项预期活动)的照护者更有可能照护无并发症、年龄较大、适应行为和社会情感技能较好、更经常参与家庭和学校活动的自闭症儿童。职业差距较小的照护者还报告说,他们的生活质量、养育压力、社会支持、社区包容性感知以及家庭成果都有所改善。逻辑回归分析表明,儿童年龄、儿童适应行为、社会情感技能、家庭参与以及照顾者感知到的家庭成果和 QoL 是预测其职业差距的重要因素。研究结果表明,照顾者参与所期望的活动与孩子功能能力和独立性的提高以及他们所认为的满足孩子需求的能力有关。支持父母在满足孩子需求方面的效能感,并培养他们的技能和知识,将有助于改善照顾者和孩子的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Specialization of anterior and posterior hippocampal functional connectivity differs in autism 自闭症患者海马前部和后部功能连接的特化程度不同。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3170
J. Kember, P. Patenaude, H. Sweatman, L. Van Schaik, Z. Tabuenca, X. J. Chai

Structural and functional differences in the hippocampus have been related to the episodic memory and social impairments observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In neurotypical individuals, hippocampal–cortical functional connectivity systematically varies between anterior and posterior hippocampus, with changes observed during typical development. It remains unknown whether this specialization of anterior–posterior hippocampal connectivity is disrupted in ASD, and whether age-related differences in this specialization exist in ASD. We examined connectivity of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in an ASD (N = 139) and non-autistic comparison group (N = 133) aged 5–21 using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN). Consistent with previous results, we observed lower connectivity between the whole hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in ASD. Moreover, preferential connectivity of the posterior relative to the anterior hippocampus for memory-sensitive regions in posterior parietal cortex was reduced in ASD, demonstrating a weaker anterior–posterior specialization of hippocampal–cortical connectivity. Finally, connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and precuneus negatively correlated with age in the ASD group but remained stable in the comparison group, suggesting an altered developmental specialization. Together, these differences in hippocampal–cortical connectivity may help us understand the neurobiological basis of the memory and social impairments found in ASD.

海马的结构和功能差异与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)中观察到的发作性记忆和社交障碍有关。在神经畸形的个体中,海马-皮层功能连接在海马前部和后部之间存在系统性差异,并在典型发育过程中观察到变化。在 ASD 中,海马前后连接的这种特化是否会被破坏,以及这种特化在 ASD 中是否存在与年龄相关的差异,这些仍是未知数。我们利用健康脑网络(HBN)的静息态功能磁共振成像(MRI)数据,研究了5-21岁的ASD患者(139人)和非自闭症对比组(133人)的海马前后连接性。与之前的研究结果一致,我们观察到 ASD 患者整个海马体与内侧前额叶皮层之间的连接性较低。此外,在ASD患者中,海马后部与顶叶后部皮层记忆敏感区域的连接性相对于前部有所降低,这表明海马-皮层连接的前后特化作用较弱。最后,在ASD组中,海马后部与楔前皮层之间的连接与年龄呈负相关,而在对比组中则保持稳定,这表明发育特化发生了改变。总之,海马-皮层连接的这些差异可能有助于我们理解 ASD 患者记忆和社交障碍的神经生物学基础。
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引用次数: 0
Categorizing and identifying preferred interests in autistic toddlers 对自闭症幼儿的偏好兴趣进行分类和识别。
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3169
MaryKate Frisch, Kirsty L. Coulter, Rebecca P. Thomas, Marianne L. Barton, Diana L. Robins, Deborah A. Fein

Preferred interests are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder and are reported by parents starting at an early age. However, limited research has explored the presentation of preferred interests in toddlerhood. Previous literature suggests that both the intensity and type of preferred interests held by autistic individuals differ from those held by peers with developmental delay and no diagnosis and that autistic interests are more unusual in nature. While preferred interests are seen in typical child development, previous research suggests that the presence of preferred interests in children with no diagnosis declines with age. Literature also indicates that the sex and cognitive ability of autistic children influences preferred interests. Identification of early preferred interests commonly held by autistic toddlers could serve as a useful clinical indicator of future diagnosis. This article explored whether diagnostic group, age, sex, and cognitive ability predict the likelihood that parents reported preferred interests in children aged 12–36 months with diagnoses of autism, developmental delay, and those with no diagnosis. Additionally, we explored potential diagnostic group differences in interest type. Results suggest that diagnostic group, but not age, sex, or cognitive ability, predicts the likelihood that parents report preferred interests. No differences in the type of interests among diagnostic groups were identified. These results support the use of preferred interests as an early sign of autism but suggest that interest type may not be a helpful clinical indicator of autism in toddlerhood.

偏好兴趣是自闭症谱系障碍的特征,家长在孩子很小的时候就会报告他们的偏好兴趣。然而,对幼儿期偏好兴趣表现形式的研究却很有限。以往的文献表明,自闭症患者所持有的偏好兴趣在强度和类型上都与发育迟缓或未被诊断的同龄人不同,而且自闭症患者的兴趣在本质上更加不寻常。虽然在典型的儿童发展过程中会出现偏好兴趣,但以往的研究表明,未确诊儿童的偏好兴趣会随着年龄的增长而减少。文献还表明,自闭症儿童的性别和认知能力也会影响其偏好兴趣。识别自闭症幼儿早期普遍持有的偏好兴趣可作为未来诊断的有用临床指标。本文探讨了诊断组别、年龄、性别和认知能力是否能预测父母报告 12-36 个月自闭症、发育迟缓和无诊断儿童偏好兴趣的可能性。此外,我们还探讨了兴趣类型的潜在诊断组别差异。结果表明,诊断组别(而非年龄、性别或认知能力)可以预测家长报告偏好兴趣的可能性。诊断组别之间的兴趣类型没有差异。这些结果支持将偏好兴趣作为自闭症的早期征兆,但表明兴趣类型可能不是幼儿期自闭症的有用临床指标。
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引用次数: 0
Objective measurement of movement variability using wearable sensors predicts ASD outcomes in infants at high likelihood for ASD and ADHD 使用可穿戴传感器客观测量运动变异性,预测 ASD 和 ADHD 高危婴儿的结果。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3150
Rujuta B. Wilson, Sitaram Vangala, Rachel Reetzke, Antonia Piergies, Sally Ozonoff, Meghan Miller

Early motor delays and differences are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet, little work has shown whether there are early atypical motor signs that differentiate these groups. Quantitative measures of movement variability hold promise for improving the identification of subtle and specific differences in motor function among infants and toddlers at high likelihood for ASD and ADHD. To this end, we created a novel quantitative measure of movement variability (movement curvature) and conducted a preliminary investigation as to whether this measure improves outcome predictions. We used a wearable triaxial accelerometer to evaluate continuous motion-based activity in infants at high and low likelihood for ASD and ADHD at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. At 36 months, participants were categorized into three outcome groups: ASD (n = 19), ADHD concerns (n = 17), and a comparison group (n = 82). We examined group differences in movement curvature and whether movement curvature is predictive of a later ASD or ADHD concerns classification. We found that movement curvature was significantly lower in infants with later ASD diagnosis at 18, 24, and 36 months of age compared to infants with either ADHD concerns or those in the comparison group. Movement curvature was also a significant predictor of ASD at 18, 24, and 36 months (AUC 0.66–0.71; p = 0.005–0.039) and when adjusting for high ASD likelihood at 18 and 24 months (AUC 0.90, p = 0.05–0.019). These results indicate that lower movement curvature may be a feature of early motor differences in infants with later ASD diagnosis as early as 18 months of age.

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和注意力缺陷/多动症(ADHD)儿童的早期运动迟缓和差异很常见。然而,很少有研究表明这些群体是否存在早期非典型运动症状。运动变异性的定量测量有望改善对极易患 ASD 和 ADHD 的婴幼儿在运动功能方面的细微和特定差异的识别。为此,我们创建了一种新的运动变异性定量测量方法(运动曲率),并对该方法是否能改善结果预测进行了初步调查。我们使用可穿戴三轴加速度计来评估 ASD 和 ADHD 高风险和低风险婴儿在 12、18、24 和 36 个月时的连续运动活动。36 个月大时,参与者被分为三个结果组:ASD(19 人)、ADHD(17 人)和对比组(82 人)。我们研究了各组在运动弯曲度方面的差异,以及运动弯曲度是否对后来的 ASD 或注意力缺陷障碍分类具有预测作用。我们发现,在 18、24 和 36 个月大时被诊断出患有 ASD 的婴儿的运动弯曲度明显低于患有 ADHD 的婴儿或对比组婴儿。在 18、24 和 36 个月时,运动曲度也是 ASD 的重要预测指标(AUC 0.66-0.71;p = 0.005-0.039),在调整 18 和 24 个月时 ASD 的高可能性时也是如此(AUC 0.90,p = 0.05-0.019)。这些结果表明,较低的运动弯曲度可能是早在 18 个月大就被诊断为 ASD 的婴儿早期运动差异的一个特征。
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引用次数: 0
Is she still angry? Intact learning but no updating of facial expressions priors in autism 她还在生气吗?自闭症患者面部表情先验学习完整但无更新
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3145
Renana Twito, Bat-Sheva Hadad, Sarit Szpiro

Autistic people exhibit atypical use of prior information when processing simple perceptual stimuli; yet, it remains unclear whether and how these difficulties in using priors extend to complex social stimuli. Here, we compared autistic people without accompanying intellectual disability and nonautistic people in their ability to acquire an “emotional prior” of a facial expression and update this prior to a different facial expression of the same identity. Participants performed a two-interval same/different discrimination task between two facial expressions. To study the acquisition of the prior, we examined how discrimination was modified by the contraction of the perceived facial expressions toward the average of presented stimuli (i.e., regression to the mean). At first, facial expressions surrounded one average emotional prior (mostly sad or angry), and then the average switched (to mostly angry or sad, accordingly). Autistic people exhibited challenges in facial discrimination, and yet acquired the first prior, demonstrating typical regression-to-the-mean effects. However, unlike nonautistic people, autistic people did not update their perception to the second prior, suggesting they are less flexible in updating an acquired prior of emotional expressions. Our findings shed light on the perception of emotional expressions, one of the most pressing challenges in autism.

自闭症患者在处理简单的感知刺激时,会表现出对先验信息的非典型使用;然而,这些使用先验信息的困难是否以及如何扩展到复杂的社会刺激上,目前仍不清楚。在这里,我们比较了无智力障碍的自闭症患者和非自闭症患者获得面部表情 "情绪先验 "的能力,以及在看到相同身份的不同面部表情时更新先验的能力。受试者在两种面部表情之间进行了两次相同/不同辨别任务。为了研究先验的获得,我们考察了感知到的面部表情向呈现刺激的平均值收缩(即向平均值回归)对辨别力的影响。起初,面部表情围绕着一个平均情绪先验(主要是悲伤或愤怒),然后平均情绪先验发生转换(相应地主要是愤怒或悲伤)。自闭症患者在面部辨别方面面临挑战,但他们还是获得了第一个先验,表现出典型的向平均值回归效应。然而,与非自闭症患者不同的是,自闭症患者并没有将他们的感知更新为第二个先验,这表明他们在更新已获得的情绪表达先验时灵活性较差。我们的研究结果揭示了自闭症患者面临的最紧迫挑战之一--对情绪表达的感知。
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引用次数: 0
Visual social attention in SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability 与 SYNGAP1 相关的智力障碍中的视觉社交注意力
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3148
Damien Wright, Aisling Kenny, Sarah Eley, Andrew G. McKechanie, Andrew C. Stanfield

SYNGAP1-ID is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation of the SYNGAP1 gene. Characterized by moderate to severe developmental delay, it is associated with several physical and behavioral issues as well as additional diagnoses, including autism. However, it is not known whether social cognitive differences seen in SYNGAP1-ID are similar to those previously identified in idiopathic or other forms of autism. This study therefore investigated visual social attention in SYNGAP1-ID. Eye movements were recorded across three passive viewing tasks (face scanning, pop-out, and social preference) of differing social complexity in 24 individuals with SYNGAP1-ID and 12 typically developing controls. We found that SYNGAP1-ID participants looked at faces less than the controls, and when they did look at faces, they had less time looking at and fewer fixations to the eyes. For the pop-out task, where social and nonsocial objects (Phone, car, face, bird, and face-noise) were presented in an array, those with SYNGAP1-ID spent significantly less time looking at the phone stimulus as well as fewer fixations to the face compared with the typically developing controls. When looking at two naturalistic scenes side by side, one social in nature (e.g., with children present) and the other not, there were no differences between the SYNGAP1-ID group and typically developing controls on any of the examined eye tracking measures. This study provides novel findings on the social attention of those with SYNGAP1-ID and helps to provide further evidence for using eye tracking as an objective measure of the social phenotype in this population in future clinical trials.

SYNGAP1-ID 是一种由 SYNGAP1 基因突变引起的神经发育障碍。其特征是中度至重度发育迟缓,与一些身体和行为问题以及包括自闭症在内的其他诊断相关。然而,SYNGAP1-ID 的社会认知差异是否与之前在特发性自闭症或其他形式的自闭症中发现的差异相似,目前尚不清楚。因此,本研究对 SYNGAP1-ID 的视觉社交注意力进行了调查。我们记录了 24 名 SYNGAP1-ID 患者和 12 名发育正常的对照组患者在三项社交复杂性不同的被动观看任务(脸部扫描、弹出和社交偏好)中的眼球运动。我们发现,与对照组相比,SYNGAP1-ID 患者看人脸的次数较少,而且当他们看人脸时,他们看眼睛的时间和眼睛的固定次数也较少。在 "弹出 "任务中,社会性和非社会性物体(电话、汽车、脸、鸟和脸部噪音)以阵列形式出现,与发育正常的对照组相比,SYNGAP1-ID 患儿看手机刺激物的时间明显较少,看脸的定点时间也较少。当并排观察两个自然场景时,一个是社会性场景(如有儿童在场),另一个是非社会性场景,SYNGAP1-ID 患儿组和发育正常对照组在任何眼动追踪测量上都没有差异。这项研究提供了有关SYNGAP1-ID患者社交注意力的新发现,有助于为在未来的临床试验中使用眼动追踪作为该人群社交表型的客观测量方法提供进一步的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of comorbidity of autism and ADHD and associated characteristics in school population: EPINED study 自闭症和多动症合并症的患病率及相关特征:EPINED 研究
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3146
Josefa Canals, Paula Morales-Hidalgo, Núria Voltas, Carmen Hernández-Martínez

Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity in the school population have been understudied. This study estimates its prevalence considering both parents' and teachers' reports and clinical diagnosis. Sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive data were compared by diagnostic groups: autism, ADHD, autism and ADHD, subthreshold autism spectrum disorder (ASD), subthreshold ADHD, and children without neurodevelopmental conditions. Following a two-phase design, 3727 parents and teachers (1802 preschoolers, 1925 school-age children) participated in the first phase. Subsequently, 781 participants underwent individual assessment for DSM-5 diagnoses. The estimated prevalence of the comorbid diagnosis was 0.51% (0.28%–0.74%), with significant sex differences (0.16% girls, 0.89% boys). The cooccurrence of symptoms of autism and ADHD reported by parents or teachers was 3.2% and 2.6%, respectively. ADHD comorbidity was observed in 32.8% of autistic children and 31.4% of those with subthreshold ASD. ASD comorbidity was observed in 9.8% of children with ADHD and 5.7% of those with subthreshold ADHD. Comorbidity was reported by at least one informant in 95% of children. Only 15.8% of children with autism and ADHD had been previously diagnosed with both conditions. Early detection and accurate comorbidity diagnosis are crucial to address the clinical and socio-educational needs of these children.

自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在学校人群中的合并症研究不足。本研究根据家长和教师的报告以及临床诊断来估算其发病率。研究人员按照自闭症、多动症、自闭症和多动症、亚阈值自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)、亚阈值多动症以及无神经发育障碍儿童等诊断组别,对社会人口学、临床和认知数据进行了比较。按照两阶段设计,3727 名家长和教师(1802 名学龄前儿童和 1925 名学龄儿童)参加了第一阶段。随后,781 名参与者接受了 DSM-5 诊断的个人评估。合并诊断的患病率估计为 0.51%(0.28%-0.74%),性别差异显著(女孩 0.16%,男孩 0.89%)。家长或教师报告的自闭症和多动症同时出现的比例分别为 3.2% 和 2.6%。32.8%的自闭症儿童和31.4%的亚阈值自闭症儿童合并有多动症。9.8%的多动症儿童和5.7%的亚阈值多动症儿童合并有自闭症。在 95% 的儿童中,至少有一名信息提供者报告了合并症。只有15.8%的自闭症和多动症儿童曾被诊断同时患有这两种疾病。早期发现和准确诊断合并症对于满足这些儿童的临床和社会教育需求至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Are minimally verbal autistic children's modality and form of communication associated with parent responsivity? 极少言语的自闭症儿童的交流方式和形式与父母的反应能力有关吗?
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3131
Chelsea La Valle, Lue Shen, Lindsay K. Butler, Helen Tager-Flusberg

Prior work examined how minimally verbal (MV) children with autism used their gestural communication during social interactions. However, interactions are exchanges between social partners. Examining parent–child social interactions is critically important given the influence of parent responsivity on children's communicative development. Specifically, parent responses that are semantically contingent to the child's communication plays an important role in further shaping children's language learning. This study examines whether MV autistic children's (N = 47; 48–95 months; 10 females) modality and form of communication are associated with parent responsivity during an in-home parent–child interaction (PCI). The PCI was collected using natural language sampling methods and coded for child modality and form of communication and parent responses. Findings from Kruskal-Wallis H tests revealed that there was no significant difference in parent semantically contingent responses based on child communication modality (spoken language, gesture, gesture-speech combinations, and AAC) and form of communication (precise vs. imprecise). Findings highlight the importance of examining multiple modalities and forms of communication in MV children with autism to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of their communication abilities; and underscore the inclusion of interactionist models of communication to examine children's input on parent responses in further shaping language learning experiences.

之前的研究考察了自闭症儿童在社交互动过程中如何使用手势交流。然而,互动是社会伙伴之间的交流。鉴于父母的反应对儿童交流发展的影响,研究亲子社交互动至关重要。具体来说,父母对儿童交流语义的反应对进一步塑造儿童的语言学习起着重要作用。本研究探讨了 MV 自闭症儿童(人数=47;48-95 个月;10 名女性)的交流方式和形式是否与家庭亲子互动(PCI)中父母的反应相关。PCI 采用自然语言抽样方法收集,并对儿童的交流方式和形式以及父母的反应进行编码。Kruskal-Wallis H 检验结果表明,根据儿童交流方式(有声语言、手势、手势-语言组合和 AAC)和交流形式(精确与不精确),父母的语义或然反应没有显著差异。研究结果凸显了对 MV 自闭症儿童的多种交流模式和形式进行研究的重要性,以便更全面地了解他们的交流能力;研究结果还强调,在进一步塑造语言学习经验的过程中,应纳入交流互动模式,以研究儿童对家长反应的意见。
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引用次数: 0
Autonomic and hedonic response to affective touch in autism spectrum disorder 自闭症谱系障碍患者对情感触觉的自律反应和享乐反应
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3143
Francesca Capiotto, Giulia Romano Cappi, Ilaria Mirlisenna, Alessandro Mazza, Giovanni Cicinelli, Chiara Lauritano, Roberto Keller, Olga Dal Monte

Interpersonal touch plays a crucial role in shaping relationships and encouraging social connections. Failure in processing tactile input or abnormal tactile sensitivity may hamper social behaviors and have severe consequences in individuals' relational lives. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by both sensory disruptions and social impairments, making affective touch an ideal meeting point for understanding these features in ASD individuals. By integrating behavioral and physiological measures, we investigated the effects of affective touch on adult individuals with ASD from both an implicit and explicit perspective. Specifically, at an implicit level, we investigated whether and how receiving an affective touch influenced participants' skin conductance tonic and phasic components. At the explicit level, we delved into the affective and unpleasant features of affective touch. Overall, we observed lower skin conductance level in ASD compared to TD subjects. Interestingly, the typically developing (TD) group showed an increased autonomic response for affective touch compared to a control touch, while ASD subjects' autonomic response did not differ between the two conditions. Furthermore, ASD participants provided higher ratings for both the affective and unpleasant components of the touch, compared to TD subjects. Our results reveal a noteworthy discrepancy in ASD population between the subjective experience, characterized by amplified hedonic but also unpleasant responses, and the physiological response, marked by a lack of autonomic activation related to affective touch. This insightful dissociation seems crucial for a deeper understanding of the distinctive challenges characterizing people with ASD and may have implications for diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.

人际触觉在塑造人际关系和促进社会联系方面起着至关重要的作用。触觉输入处理失败或触觉敏感度异常可能会阻碍社交行为,并对个人的关系生活造成严重后果。自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的特征是感官障碍和社交障碍,因此情感触觉是了解自闭症谱系障碍患者这些特征的理想结合点。通过整合行为和生理测量,我们从内隐和外显的角度研究了情感接触对成年自闭症患者的影响。具体来说,在内隐层面上,我们研究了接受情感抚摸是否以及如何影响参与者的皮肤电导强直和相位成分。在显性层面,我们深入研究了情感性触摸的情感特征和不愉快特征。总体而言,我们观察到 ASD 受试者的皮肤电导水平低于 TD 受试者。有趣的是,与对照组相比,典型发育(TD)组对情感接触的自律神经反应增强,而 ASD 受试者的自律神经反应在两种情况下没有差异。此外,与 TD 受试者相比,ASD 受试者对触摸的情感成分和不愉快成分的评分都更高。我们的研究结果揭示了 ASD 患者的主观体验与生理反应之间存在着值得注意的差异,主观体验的特点是享乐性反应被放大,但也有不愉快的反应,而生理反应的特点是缺乏与情感性触摸相关的自律神经激活。这种富有洞察力的差异对于深入了解 ASD 患者所面临的独特挑战似乎至关重要,并可能对诊断和治疗方法产生影响。
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Autism Research
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