Interfacial pressure is a critical operational parameter for cable accessories, requiring accurate evaluation throughout service life. However, the nonhomogeneous degradation induced by radially gradient-distributed mechanical stress significantly complicates this evaluation. This study investigates the influence of stretching ratio on the stress relaxation behavior of silicone rubber (SR). A nonhomogeneous operational model for cable accessories is established to accurately evaluate interfacial pressure evolution. Comparative analysis with traditional homogeneous models reveals that although both systems exhibit comparable long-term interfacial pressure reduction patterns, their degradation rates differ substantially. Crucially, a characteristic point is identified, where interfacial pressure behavior converges in both systems, enabling simplified prediction of pressure variation in actual nonhomogeneous degradation conditions using homogeneous approximations.
{"title":"Accurate Evaluation of Interfacial Pressure in Cable Accessories Subject to Nonhomogeneous Degradation","authors":"Hao Hu;Wen Xu;Weinan Fan;Yunxiao Zhang;Yuhao Liu;Zhidong Jia","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3620766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3620766","url":null,"abstract":"Interfacial pressure is a critical operational parameter for cable accessories, requiring accurate evaluation throughout service life. However, the nonhomogeneous degradation induced by radially gradient-distributed mechanical stress significantly complicates this evaluation. This study investigates the influence of stretching ratio on the stress relaxation behavior of silicone rubber (SR). A nonhomogeneous operational model for cable accessories is established to accurately evaluate interfacial pressure evolution. Comparative analysis with traditional homogeneous models reveals that although both systems exhibit comparable long-term interfacial pressure reduction patterns, their degradation rates differ substantially. Crucially, a characteristic point is identified, where interfacial pressure behavior converges in both systems, enabling simplified prediction of pressure variation in actual nonhomogeneous degradation conditions using homogeneous approximations.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 6","pages":"3764-3767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3612607
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3612607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3612607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11185763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3612605
{"title":"IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3612605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3612605","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11185360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3610445
Manish Singh;Meenakshi Rawat;Manoj Singh Parihar
This article presents a 3D-printed dielectric conical horn cavity (3D-PDCH)-backed antenna, fabricated using additive manufacturing technology. The inner wall of the horn cavity is coated with copper tape as a cost-effective solution to achieve high-gain antenna at the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) band (26–32 GHz) for 5G applications. The horn cavity is fed by a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA)-based MIMO system, which consists of four orthogonally placed cylindrical DRA circular arrays excited by an aperture-coupled feed line. To enhance isolation, metallic vias are introduced into the dielectric arms of the circular arrays. These vias interact with the electromagnetic fields to control their distribution and improve inter-element isolation (>20 dB). Moreover, the gain is improved by using a low-cost 3D-PDCH, which shapes the phase front of the radiated wave, minimizing phase errors and side lobes for a highly directive beam. With 3D-PDCH loading, the gain is enhanced by more than 200% in the desired band, with a realized peak gain of 22.3 dB at 27.5 GHz. The achieved 3-dB gain bandwidth (GBW) and fractional bandwidth (FBW) are 35.6% and 20.6%, respectively. The total efficiency is more than 80% with MIMO performance parameters (ECC <0.02> $approx ~0.5$ dB) in the desired band ensures its application in the mm-Wave band. To demonstrate the idea, the antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured at the mm-Wave band.
{"title":"High-Gain Dielectric Conical Horn-Backed Dielectric Resonator MIMO Antenna With High Isolation for Millimeter-Wave Band Applications","authors":"Manish Singh;Meenakshi Rawat;Manoj Singh Parihar","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3610445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3610445","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a 3D-printed dielectric conical horn cavity (3D-PDCH)-backed antenna, fabricated using additive manufacturing technology. The inner wall of the horn cavity is coated with copper tape as a cost-effective solution to achieve high-gain antenna at the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) band (26–32 GHz) for 5G applications. The horn cavity is fed by a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA)-based MIMO system, which consists of four orthogonally placed cylindrical DRA circular arrays excited by an aperture-coupled feed line. To enhance isolation, metallic vias are introduced into the dielectric arms of the circular arrays. These vias interact with the electromagnetic fields to control their distribution and improve inter-element isolation (>20 dB). Moreover, the gain is improved by using a low-cost 3D-PDCH, which shapes the phase front of the radiated wave, minimizing phase errors and side lobes for a highly directive beam. With 3D-PDCH loading, the gain is enhanced by more than 200% in the desired band, with a realized peak gain of 22.3 dB at 27.5 GHz. The achieved 3-dB gain bandwidth (GBW) and fractional bandwidth (FBW) are 35.6% and 20.6%, respectively. The total efficiency is more than 80% with MIMO performance parameters (ECC <0.02> <tex-math>$approx ~0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) in the desired band ensures its application in the mm-Wave band. To demonstrate the idea, the antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured at the mm-Wave band.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 1","pages":"752-760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
XY equivalent structure model plays a crucial role in characterizing insulation states of oil-paper insulation system (OPIS) in power transformers based on frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS). However, the conventional modeling method of OPIS only considers simplified calculation of complex permittivity for insulating mineral oil (IMO) under low field. This could cause large deviations and cannot meet high-field reality. Therefore, this article develops a new XY equivalent structure model to characterize the insulation dielectric performance of OPIS, including IMO and oil-impregnated paperboard (OIP), based on high-field FDS. First, the modeling processes of the XY model of OPIS are investigated as a function of the electric field. Then, the complex permittivity behaviors of IMO, OIP, and OPIS subject to diverse electric fields are discussed, respectively. Subsequently, according to high-field dielectric behaviors, a new calculation approach of complex permittivity of IMO is proposed, introducing two field-related parameters and an electric field enhancement factor $tau $ (E). Finally, the effectiveness of the new field-dependent XY model for OPIS is validated using the high-field complex permittivity of IMO. Compared with the traditional model, this work can accurately characterize field-dependent dielectric behaviors of OPIS in power transformers. This article will provide a solid foundation for health management and prognostics of OPIS in power transformers.
{"title":"Electric Field-Dependent XY Equivalent Structure Modeling of Oil-Paper Insulation Systems in Power Transformers: Improvement and Verification","authors":"Guochao Qian;Xize Dai;Shilin Shi;Qian Zeng;Weiju Dai;Jian Hao","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3600558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3600558","url":null,"abstract":"XY equivalent structure model plays a crucial role in characterizing insulation states of oil-paper insulation system (OPIS) in power transformers based on frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS). However, the conventional modeling method of OPIS only considers simplified calculation of complex permittivity for insulating mineral oil (IMO) under low field. This could cause large deviations and cannot meet high-field reality. Therefore, this article develops a new XY equivalent structure model to characterize the insulation dielectric performance of OPIS, including IMO and oil-impregnated paperboard (OIP), based on high-field FDS. First, the modeling processes of the XY model of OPIS are investigated as a function of the electric field. Then, the complex permittivity behaviors of IMO, OIP, and OPIS subject to diverse electric fields are discussed, respectively. Subsequently, according to high-field dielectric behaviors, a new calculation approach of complex permittivity of IMO is proposed, introducing two field-related parameters and an electric field enhancement factor <inline-formula> <tex-math>$tau $ </tex-math></inline-formula>(E). Finally, the effectiveness of the new field-dependent XY model for OPIS is validated using the high-field complex permittivity of IMO. Compared with the traditional model, this work can accurately characterize field-dependent dielectric behaviors of OPIS in power transformers. This article will provide a solid foundation for health management and prognostics of OPIS in power transformers.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"2986-2994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3596950
M-Ramez Halloum;B. Subba Reddy
Polymeric outdoor insulators in HVdc systems encounter additional challenges beyond the typical environmental and electrical stresses seen in HVac systems, such as increased pollution accumulation, surface charge accumulation, more severe discharges, and a higher failure rate. This study presents the development of a superhydrophobic coating made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophobic nano silica (SiO2) for polymeric outdoor insulators, achieving excellent water-repellency and self-cleaning properties. Experimental evaluations under various conditions—dry, clean fog, clean rain, salt fog, and salt rain—demonstrated significant performance improvements: for example, under salt rain conditions, the flashover voltage increased by 97.3% (from 22.16 to 43.72 kV), while the leakage current (LC) reduced from 32.2 mA to 193 $mu $ A. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the superhydrophobic insulators, ensuring more stable and reliable operation of composite insulators in HVdc systems.
{"title":"Superhydrophobic Coating for Performance Enhancement of Polymeric Outdoor Insulators Used in HVDC Systems","authors":"M-Ramez Halloum;B. Subba Reddy","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3596950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3596950","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric outdoor insulators in HVdc systems encounter additional challenges beyond the typical environmental and electrical stresses seen in HVac systems, such as increased pollution accumulation, surface charge accumulation, more severe discharges, and a higher failure rate. This study presents the development of a superhydrophobic coating made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophobic nano silica (SiO2) for polymeric outdoor insulators, achieving excellent water-repellency and self-cleaning properties. Experimental evaluations under various conditions—dry, clean fog, clean rain, salt fog, and salt rain—demonstrated significant performance improvements: for example, under salt rain conditions, the flashover voltage increased by 97.3% (from 22.16 to 43.72 kV), while the leakage current (LC) reduced from 32.2 mA to 193 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>A. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the superhydrophobic insulators, ensuring more stable and reliable operation of composite insulators in HVdc systems.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"2551-2558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3550102
Thomas Montano;Carolyn Chun;Kathryn Sturge;Noah Hoppis;Ariana Shearin;Timothy Koeth
Electrical treeing is a principal degradation mechanism in polymeric dielectric material bombarded with charged particles. Such bombardment occurs when the material is exposed to space radiation environments. Treeing occurs during the rapid evacuation of charges that are embedded in the material and often culminates in catastrophic equipment failure. This article outlines the development and validation of a novel simulation model to depict electrical tree discharge within a dielectric polymethyl methacrylate block, but this model provides predictive power for any similar dielectric material. Dielectric materials have advantageous insulating properties and are crucial for aerospace applications, but the possibility of discharge failure due to electrical treeing poses a substantial risk to in-flight equipment. It jeopardizes expensive equipment, mission objectives, and the safety of any on-board crew. This article utilizes insights from novel imaging techniques that reveal characteristics of electrical treeing, such as the speed and development of the erosion wavefront and the speed at which the detrapped charge evacuates the material. A geometric model and an RLC model are proposed to model this observed behavior, and a stochastic model for the development of the Lichtenberg figure (LF) that incorporates these insights is presented and compared with the experimental results, validating the model with an ${R}^{{2}}$ value of 0.93 and highlighting areas for future development.
{"title":"Simulation and Modeling of Prompt Electrical Tree Formation During Dielectric Breakdown in Space-Charged Dielectrics","authors":"Thomas Montano;Carolyn Chun;Kathryn Sturge;Noah Hoppis;Ariana Shearin;Timothy Koeth","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3550102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3550102","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical treeing is a principal degradation mechanism in polymeric dielectric material bombarded with charged particles. Such bombardment occurs when the material is exposed to space radiation environments. Treeing occurs during the rapid evacuation of charges that are embedded in the material and often culminates in catastrophic equipment failure. This article outlines the development and validation of a novel simulation model to depict electrical tree discharge within a dielectric polymethyl methacrylate block, but this model provides predictive power for any similar dielectric material. Dielectric materials have advantageous insulating properties and are crucial for aerospace applications, but the possibility of discharge failure due to electrical treeing poses a substantial risk to in-flight equipment. It jeopardizes expensive equipment, mission objectives, and the safety of any on-board crew. This article utilizes insights from novel imaging techniques that reveal characteristics of electrical treeing, such as the speed and development of the erosion wavefront and the speed at which the detrapped charge evacuates the material. A geometric model and an RLC model are proposed to model this observed behavior, and a stochastic model for the development of the Lichtenberg figure (LF) that incorporates these insights is presented and compared with the experimental results, validating the model with an <inline-formula> <tex-math>${R}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of 0.93 and highlighting areas for future development.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"2577-2585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3588636
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3588636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3588636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 4","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11104954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3589035
{"title":"Call for Papers: Special Issue on Electrets and Related Phenomena","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3589035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3589035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 4","pages":"2493-2493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11104952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3589036
{"title":"Call for Papers: Special Issue on Liquid Dielectrics","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3589036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3589036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 4","pages":"2494-2494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11104943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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