Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3581543
Lei Zhang;Di Yu;Deyue Tang;Zhousheng Zhang
In this article, a new method for surface charge measurement of the dc GIL insulator is proposed, that is, the ring-shaped multipoint potential (RMP) method. The basic principle of the RMP method is introduced in detail. Meanwhile, a corresponding experimental platform is built, and the surface charge distribution results obtained by the RMP method are compared with those obtained by the traditional multipoint measurement (TMM) method. The results show that for the ring-shaped measuring points’ set in this article, the RMP method can detect the surface charge accumulation on about 1/3 area of the insulator surface, and the surface charge density value obtained by the RMP method is approximately equal to the sum of the surface charge density contribution value on the subelement in this region (which is equal to the surface charge density multiplied by the contribution coefficient ratio). In addition, the square root of peak mean square error (PMSE) for the RMP method performed best at 24 measuring points, with a mean error of 11.7%. This study can provide a reference for the surface charge measurement technology of dc GIL insulators.
{"title":"A New Method for Surface Charge Measurement of HVDC GIL: Ring-Shaped Multipoint Potential Method","authors":"Lei Zhang;Di Yu;Deyue Tang;Zhousheng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3581543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3581543","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a new method for surface charge measurement of the dc GIL insulator is proposed, that is, the ring-shaped multipoint potential (RMP) method. The basic principle of the RMP method is introduced in detail. Meanwhile, a corresponding experimental platform is built, and the surface charge distribution results obtained by the RMP method are compared with those obtained by the traditional multipoint measurement (TMM) method. The results show that for the ring-shaped measuring points’ set in this article, the RMP method can detect the surface charge accumulation on about 1/3 area of the insulator surface, and the surface charge density value obtained by the RMP method is approximately equal to the sum of the surface charge density contribution value on the subelement in this region (which is equal to the surface charge density multiplied by the contribution coefficient ratio). In addition, the square root of peak mean square error (PMSE) for the RMP method performed best at 24 measuring points, with a mean error of 11.7%. This study can provide a reference for the surface charge measurement technology of dc GIL insulators.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 4","pages":"2134-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, for the first time, we present a proper comparison of radiation effects on the dielectric/ferroelectric (FE) stacked negative capacitance (NC) FinFETs and nanosheet (NS) FETs at the sub-3-nm technology node, providing a performance benchmark in device and CMOS inverter cell. The impact of heavy ion particle strikes is analyzed for various directions (top, channel, and lateral strikes), 30 locations, and 5 inclined angles to identify the most critical strike scenarios causing performance degradation. The NC-NSFET demonstrates superior radiation resilience across all strike conditions compared to the NC-FinFET. A detailed circuit-level evaluation of a CMOS inverter layout shows that NC-NSFETs can tolerate total ionizing dosages (TID) up to $25~text {MeV}cdot text {cm}^{{2}}$ /mg, whereas NC-FinFETs fail at $20~text {MeV}cdot text {cm}^{{2}}$ /mg indicating that the NC-NSFETs sustain nearly double the dosage compared to NC-FinFETs. These findings highlight the robustness of NC-NSFETs, making them a preferred choice for applications in radiation-rich environments such as spacecraft electronics, high-altitude avionics, nuclear reactors, and medical devices.
{"title":"Radiation Hardness on Dielectric/Ferroelectric Stacked Negative Capacitance Multigate Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor FETs at Sub-3-nm Technology Node: Device to CMOS Inverter Layout","authors":"Sresta Valasa;Venkata Ramakrishna Kotha;Narendar Vadthiya","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3582236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3582236","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, for the first time, we present a proper comparison of radiation effects on the dielectric/ferroelectric (FE) stacked negative capacitance (NC) FinFETs and nanosheet (NS) FETs at the sub-3-nm technology node, providing a performance benchmark in device and CMOS inverter cell. The impact of heavy ion particle strikes is analyzed for various directions (top, channel, and lateral strikes), 30 locations, and 5 inclined angles to identify the most critical strike scenarios causing performance degradation. The NC-NSFET demonstrates superior radiation resilience across all strike conditions compared to the NC-FinFET. A detailed circuit-level evaluation of a CMOS inverter layout shows that NC-NSFETs can tolerate total ionizing dosages (TID) up to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~text {MeV}cdot text {cm}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/mg, whereas NC-FinFETs fail at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~text {MeV}cdot text {cm}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/mg indicating that the NC-NSFETs sustain nearly double the dosage compared to NC-FinFETs. These findings highlight the robustness of NC-NSFETs, making them a preferred choice for applications in radiation-rich environments such as spacecraft electronics, high-altitude avionics, nuclear reactors, and medical devices.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"3089-3096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3580076
S. K. Paul;B. Chakraborty;S. Maur;A. K. Pradhan
In this study, aging impact analysis on dielectric behavior of mineral oil (MO), natural and synthetic ester (SE) is performed and their aging status is estimated using the hump phenomenon obtained from dielectric modulus spectrum. For this purpose, equivalent aging of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of each oil is emulated by mixing formic, acetic, and levulinic acid with mineral and ester oils. Thereafter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS) are conducted on the prepared aged samples to assess the impact of aging on physicochemical alteration and low-frequency interfacial polarization characteristics at different temperatures, respectively. Based on the FDS results, dielectric modulus spectrum is obtained, from which hump phenomenon is identified. Besides, another important factor, i.e., conduction dominance factor (CDF), is introduced to quantitatively investigate the dominance of conduction mechanism over relaxation polarization. Based on the experimental results, a correlation with the aging status of liquid insulation with the three aging sensitive parameters (hump frequency, hump peak, and CDF) is established, which can reliably be used for estimation of their aging status.
{"title":"Hump Phenomenon-Based Aging Estimation of Liquid Insulation Used in HV Transformer","authors":"S. K. Paul;B. Chakraborty;S. Maur;A. K. Pradhan","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3580076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3580076","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, aging impact analysis on dielectric behavior of mineral oil (MO), natural and synthetic ester (SE) is performed and their aging status is estimated using the hump phenomenon obtained from dielectric modulus spectrum. For this purpose, equivalent aging of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of each oil is emulated by mixing formic, acetic, and levulinic acid with mineral and ester oils. Thereafter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS) are conducted on the prepared aged samples to assess the impact of aging on physicochemical alteration and low-frequency interfacial polarization characteristics at different temperatures, respectively. Based on the FDS results, dielectric modulus spectrum is obtained, from which hump phenomenon is identified. Besides, another important factor, i.e., conduction dominance factor (CDF), is introduced to quantitatively investigate the dominance of conduction mechanism over relaxation polarization. Based on the experimental results, a correlation with the aging status of liquid insulation with the three aging sensitive parameters (hump frequency, hump peak, and CDF) is established, which can reliably be used for estimation of their aging status.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"3004-3011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579739
Claire Rochefort;Pascal Venet;Guy Clerc;Ali Sari;Radoslava Mitova;Miao-Xin Wang
Metallized film capacitors are often responsible for failures in electronic systems. Predicting their lifetime to anticipate such failures is vital for assessing the reliability of these systems. This study presents accelerated aging tests involving voltage and temperature on 27 capacitors. The aim is to enhance the existing database and analyze the behavior of the resulting curves. A postmortem analysis is carried out to evaluate the failure mechanisms. Based on this analysis, a new model is introduced. This model is evaluated against the data and compared with current laws in the literature and functions describing the experimental curves. The results confirm the model’s effectiveness, and its predictive capability is discussed.
{"title":"Forecasting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of Metallized Film Capacitors Affected by the Self-Healing Phenomenon","authors":"Claire Rochefort;Pascal Venet;Guy Clerc;Ali Sari;Radoslava Mitova;Miao-Xin Wang","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579739","url":null,"abstract":"Metallized film capacitors are often responsible for failures in electronic systems. Predicting their lifetime to anticipate such failures is vital for assessing the reliability of these systems. This study presents accelerated aging tests involving voltage and temperature on 27 capacitors. The aim is to enhance the existing database and analyze the behavior of the resulting curves. A postmortem analysis is carried out to evaluate the failure mechanisms. Based on this analysis, a new model is introduced. This model is evaluated against the data and compared with current laws in the literature and functions describing the experimental curves. The results confirm the model’s effectiveness, and its predictive capability is discussed.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 1","pages":"690-697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579447
M. Hemalatha;N. B. Balamurugan;M. Suguna;D. Sriram Kumar
In this study, we present a comprehensive analytical model for triangular gate (TG) fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs) that fully incorporate quantum effects. Our model extends the traditional analytical solution to the Schrödinger-Poisson equation using a variational technique. Specifically, we derive an analytical expression for the inversion charge distribution function (ICDF), often referred to as the wave function, specifically tailored for TG FinFETs. Utilizing this ICDF, we calculate key device parameters such as the inversion charge centroid, subthreshold swing (SS), drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), threshold voltage, inversion charge, and drain current. Our methodology is versatile, accommodating various device geometries and operational biases. To validate our model, we performed a comparative analysis with results from TCAD simulations, demonstrating strong agreement and substantiating the accuracy of our approach.
{"title":"A New Precise Analytical Modeling for Triangular Gate FinFETs With Quantum Effects","authors":"M. Hemalatha;N. B. Balamurugan;M. Suguna;D. Sriram Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579447","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present a comprehensive analytical model for triangular gate (TG) fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs) that fully incorporate quantum effects. Our model extends the traditional analytical solution to the Schrödinger-Poisson equation using a variational technique. Specifically, we derive an analytical expression for the inversion charge distribution function (ICDF), often referred to as the wave function, specifically tailored for TG FinFETs. Utilizing this ICDF, we calculate key device parameters such as the inversion charge centroid, subthreshold swing (SS), drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), threshold voltage, inversion charge, and drain current. Our methodology is versatile, accommodating various device geometries and operational biases. To validate our model, we performed a comparative analysis with results from TCAD simulations, demonstrating strong agreement and substantiating the accuracy of our approach.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 5","pages":"2683-2692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579451
Shusheng Zheng;Ju Kong;Chengzhi Song;Minting Dai;Ning Luo;Chang Ye
The partial discharge (PD) signals of bush-type electrical tree defects in epoxy resin are weak, intermittent, and challenging to detect, posing serious threats to insulation performance of power equipment. In response, a PD test method is suggested with X-ray irradiation. To verify its effectiveness, the discharge characteristics of bush-type electrical tree samples at different degradation stages were systematically measured under X-ray irradiation. Experimental results demonstrate that X-ray irradiation exhibits an excitation effect on electrical tree PD at all stages except the first stage (S1). Specifically, during the second stage (S2), X-ray irradiation amplified the maximum discharge magnitude (${Q}_{max }$ ) by 17.17 times, and the maximum pulse repetition rate (PRRmax) by 2.6 times. For the third stage (S3), X-ray irradiation increases ${Q}_{max }$ by 4.1 times and PRRmax by 2.5 times. For stage 4.1 (S4.1), X-ray irradiation increased ${Q}_{max }$ by 3.1 times, and PRRmax was greatly increased. For stage 4.2 (S4.2), X-ray irradiation can excite the stopped discharge. X-ray provides initial electrons for PD by ionizing gas in electrical trees to maintain the streamer propagation and reduce the statistical delay of PD. This research can provide a new method for PD detection of epoxy resin electrical tree defects.
{"title":"The Excitation Effect of X-Ray on Partial Discharge of Bush-Type Electrical Tree in Epoxy Resin","authors":"Shusheng Zheng;Ju Kong;Chengzhi Song;Minting Dai;Ning Luo;Chang Ye","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579451","url":null,"abstract":"The partial discharge (PD) signals of bush-type electrical tree defects in epoxy resin are weak, intermittent, and challenging to detect, posing serious threats to insulation performance of power equipment. In response, a PD test method is suggested with X-ray irradiation. To verify its effectiveness, the discharge characteristics of bush-type electrical tree samples at different degradation stages were systematically measured under X-ray irradiation. Experimental results demonstrate that X-ray irradiation exhibits an excitation effect on electrical tree PD at all stages except the first stage (S1). Specifically, during the second stage (S2), X-ray irradiation amplified the maximum discharge magnitude (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${Q}_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) by 17.17 times, and the maximum pulse repetition rate (PRRmax) by 2.6 times. For the third stage (S3), X-ray irradiation increases <inline-formula> <tex-math>${Q}_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by 4.1 times and PRRmax by 2.5 times. For stage 4.1 (S4.1), X-ray irradiation increased <inline-formula> <tex-math>${Q}_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by 3.1 times, and PRRmax was greatly increased. For stage 4.2 (S4.2), X-ray irradiation can excite the stopped discharge. X-ray provides initial electrons for PD by ionizing gas in electrical trees to maintain the streamer propagation and reduce the statistical delay of PD. This research can provide a new method for PD detection of epoxy resin electrical tree defects.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 4","pages":"2122-2133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Underwater high-voltage electrical connectors (UHECs) are mainly used to connect nodes for subsea projects to ensure the stability and reliability of power transmission. Repeated connections and disconnections of UHEC result in its solid-solid interface being under extremely adverse conditions of wear and moisture intrusion. In this article, a scale model is employed to get the dc flashover properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) interface under different interface wear-induced roughness and degrees of moisture intrusion, and the effect of interface coating with silicone grease and the coating on moisture were studied. The results show that the interface dc flashover field strength (${E}_{text {f}}text {)}$ decreases from 6.7 to 3.8 kV/mm as the equivalent roughness increases from 0.53 to $2.95~mu $ m. Interface flashover is predominantly governed by the size of the interface cavity, and the concentration of the electric field in the cavity leads to interface flashover. The invasion of moisture at the interface will cause a decrease in the PEEK-FSR interface ${E}_{text {f}}$ , and when the interface microwater content reaches $0.625~mu $ L/cm2, the interface ${E}_{text {f}}$ significantly decreases. When the equivalent roughness of the interface is $0.53~mu $ m, the interface ${E}_{text {f}}$ decreases by 11.1% until the interface is exposed to a humid environment for 20 days, and coating silicone grease on the interface significantly increases ${E}_{text {f}}$ from 6.7 to 16.3 kV/mm. Even if the silicone grease layer is severely affected by moisture, ${E}_{text {f}}$ only decreases by 18.6%, which is 49.3% higher than before coating. Coating silicone grease on the interface is an effective interface treatment method for improving the insulation performance and environmental adaptability of the PEEK-FSR interface. The research results provide some useful guidance for the insulation development and design of UHEC.
{"title":"The Influence of Wear and Moisture on Flashover Properties of PEEK-FSR Interface in Underwater HV Electrical Connector","authors":"Xiaoang Li;Simiao Chen;Haihui Wang;Haitao Xu;Zhenpeng Zhang;Yanjie Le;Qiaogen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579473","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater high-voltage electrical connectors (UHECs) are mainly used to connect nodes for subsea projects to ensure the stability and reliability of power transmission. Repeated connections and disconnections of UHEC result in its solid-solid interface being under extremely adverse conditions of wear and moisture intrusion. In this article, a scale model is employed to get the dc flashover properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) interface under different interface wear-induced roughness and degrees of moisture intrusion, and the effect of interface coating with silicone grease and the coating on moisture were studied. The results show that the interface dc flashover field strength (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${E}_{text {f}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> decreases from 6.7 to 3.8 kV/mm as the equivalent roughness increases from 0.53 to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.95~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. Interface flashover is predominantly governed by the size of the interface cavity, and the concentration of the electric field in the cavity leads to interface flashover. The invasion of moisture at the interface will cause a decrease in the PEEK-FSR interface <inline-formula> <tex-math>${E}_{text {f}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and when the interface microwater content reaches <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.625~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>L/cm2, the interface <inline-formula> <tex-math>${E}_{text {f}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> significantly decreases. When the equivalent roughness of the interface is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.53~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, the interface <inline-formula> <tex-math>${E}_{text {f}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> decreases by 11.1% until the interface is exposed to a humid environment for 20 days, and coating silicone grease on the interface significantly increases <inline-formula> <tex-math>${E}_{text {f}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from 6.7 to 16.3 kV/mm. Even if the silicone grease layer is severely affected by moisture, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${E}_{text {f}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> only decreases by 18.6%, which is 49.3% higher than before coating. Coating silicone grease on the interface is an effective interface treatment method for improving the insulation performance and environmental adaptability of the PEEK-FSR interface. The research results provide some useful guidance for the insulation development and design of UHEC.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 1","pages":"682-689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Partial discharge (PD) detection plays a critical role in assessing the insulation condition of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), a critical component in modern high-voltage power systems. While recent advancements in machine learning have facilitated the development of various models for phase-resolved PD (PRPD)-based PD recognition in GIS, conventional approaches predominantly utilize datasets collected under identical experimental conditions. This methodology induces similar spatial characteristics, such as discharge density and sampling rate, between training and testing sets, resulting in high accuracy metrics with limited generalization capabilities. To address this issue, this article proposes domain adversarial convolutional architecture (DACNeXt), a domain-adaptive convolutional network designed for PRPD pattern recognition in GIS. The proposed model enhances conventional convolutional networks through three critical modifications: optimized feature extraction layers for PRPD characteristics, large-kernel attention mechanisms for discharge pattern recognition, and adversarial training through domain discriminators. The experimental framework employs a 252-kV GIS platform to generate multicondition datasets, with preprocessing procedures ensuring domain shift simulation between source and target distributions. Compared to previously proposed models for PRPD pattern recognition, including GrabCut-GoogleNet, convolutional neural network (CNN), LBP-support vector machine (SVM), and residual network (RNet), DACNeXt achieves average accuracy improvements of 13.5%, 5.4%, 11.5%, and 16.2%, respectively. The network effectively identifies critical defect types, including floating potential discharge, corona discharge, and surface discharge. These advancements contribute to improved GIS PD pattern recognition and early fault detection, enhancing the reliability and safety of high-voltage power systems.
{"title":"Enhancement of GIS Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition Accuracy Based on Domain Adversarial ConvNeXt","authors":"Yan-Qi Liu;Xiao-Chang Hua;Wen-Dong Li;Ze-Kai Lai;Guan-Jun Zhang;Xiao-Xin Chen;Xian-Jun Shao","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3579444","url":null,"abstract":"Partial discharge (PD) detection plays a critical role in assessing the insulation condition of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), a critical component in modern high-voltage power systems. While recent advancements in machine learning have facilitated the development of various models for phase-resolved PD (PRPD)-based PD recognition in GIS, conventional approaches predominantly utilize datasets collected under identical experimental conditions. This methodology induces similar spatial characteristics, such as discharge density and sampling rate, between training and testing sets, resulting in high accuracy metrics with limited generalization capabilities. To address this issue, this article proposes domain adversarial convolutional architecture (DACNeXt), a domain-adaptive convolutional network designed for PRPD pattern recognition in GIS. The proposed model enhances conventional convolutional networks through three critical modifications: optimized feature extraction layers for PRPD characteristics, large-kernel attention mechanisms for discharge pattern recognition, and adversarial training through domain discriminators. The experimental framework employs a 252-kV GIS platform to generate multicondition datasets, with preprocessing procedures ensuring domain shift simulation between source and target distributions. Compared to previously proposed models for PRPD pattern recognition, including GrabCut-GoogleNet, convolutional neural network (CNN), LBP-support vector machine (SVM), and residual network (RNet), DACNeXt achieves average accuracy improvements of 13.5%, 5.4%, 11.5%, and 16.2%, respectively. The network effectively identifies critical defect types, including floating potential discharge, corona discharge, and surface discharge. These advancements contribute to improved GIS PD pattern recognition and early fault detection, enhancing the reliability and safety of high-voltage power systems.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 1","pages":"742-751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3578578
S. S. Kumaresh;R. Madavan;Abderrahmane Beroual
This study focuses on the restoration of aged FR3 transformer fluid by optimizing antioxidant formulations to enhance its dielectric and physicochemical properties. A composite antioxidant approach, incorporating tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha tocopherol, and citric acid, is employed to improve fluid performance. The efficacy of various antioxidant combinations is evaluated based on the key parameters, including breakdown voltage, acidity, flash point, fire point, and dielectric dissipation factor. Response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to optimize the antioxidant blend, while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) assesses the statistical significance of the developed models. The optimized antioxidant combination improved breakdown voltage by 45.18% (${R} ^{{2}} =0.9529$ ), reduced acidity by 59.09% ${R} ^{{2}} =0.9763$ ), and enhanced flash by (37.17%) and fire points by 30.85% (${R} ^{{2}} =0.9454$ and 0.8022, respectively). Dielectric dissipation factor also showed strong improvement (24.32%) (${R} ^{{2}} =0.9534$ ). The high ${R} ^{{2}}$ , adjusted ${R} ^{{2}}$ , and adequate precision values indicate robust model reliability and predictive capability. While breakdown voltage exhibited acceptable lack of fit (${p}=0.0255$ ), other responses showed nonsignificant lack of fit, confirming model adequacy. These findings highlight the method’s effectiveness, synergistic antioxidant effects, and potential for sustainable transformer maintenance.
{"title":"Optimizing Antioxidant Synergy for the Restoration of Aged FR3 Transformer Fluid","authors":"S. S. Kumaresh;R. Madavan;Abderrahmane Beroual","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3578578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3578578","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the restoration of aged FR3 transformer fluid by optimizing antioxidant formulations to enhance its dielectric and physicochemical properties. A composite antioxidant approach, incorporating tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha tocopherol, and citric acid, is employed to improve fluid performance. The efficacy of various antioxidant combinations is evaluated based on the key parameters, including breakdown voltage, acidity, flash point, fire point, and dielectric dissipation factor. Response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to optimize the antioxidant blend, while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) assesses the statistical significance of the developed models. The optimized antioxidant combination improved breakdown voltage by 45.18% (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}} =0.9529$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), reduced acidity by 59.09% <inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}} =0.9763$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and enhanced flash by (37.17%) and fire points by 30.85% (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}} =0.9454$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 0.8022, respectively). Dielectric dissipation factor also showed strong improvement (24.32%) (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}} =0.9534$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The high <inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, adjusted <inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and adequate precision values indicate robust model reliability and predictive capability. While breakdown voltage exhibited acceptable lack of fit (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}=0.0255$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), other responses showed nonsignificant lack of fit, confirming model adequacy. These findings highlight the method’s effectiveness, synergistic antioxidant effects, and potential for sustainable transformer maintenance.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 1","pages":"761-768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3577146
Guangjun Yin
The accelerating transition to electric vehicles (EVs) demands enhanced battery safety and performance, with insulation technologies being a critical factor. This review comprehensively examines the evolution of insulation technologies for EV battery cells, a critical component in ensuring battery safety and performance. It not only reviews traditional materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based blue films but also explores innovative solutions like powder insulation coatings and ultraviolet (UV)-curable insulation coatings. The review assesses the challenges faced by conventional materials, including issues with impact resistance, adhesive bonding, and compatibility with high-voltage systems. It further discusses the formulation and application techniques for advanced materials, emphasizing their unique properties and potential to meet the stringent safety and performance standards of the EV industry. Specifically, this review highlights the latest advancements in UV-curable and powder coatings, which offer superior insulation properties and environmental sustainability. It also provides insights into the future direction of insulation technologies for EV batteries, emphasizing the importance of material innovation for the continued growth and sustainability of the EV market.
{"title":"Advancements in Insulation Technologies for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells: A Review","authors":"Guangjun Yin","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3577146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3577146","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerating transition to electric vehicles (EVs) demands enhanced battery safety and performance, with insulation technologies being a critical factor. This review comprehensively examines the evolution of insulation technologies for EV battery cells, a critical component in ensuring battery safety and performance. It not only reviews traditional materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based blue films but also explores innovative solutions like powder insulation coatings and ultraviolet (UV)-curable insulation coatings. The review assesses the challenges faced by conventional materials, including issues with impact resistance, adhesive bonding, and compatibility with high-voltage systems. It further discusses the formulation and application techniques for advanced materials, emphasizing their unique properties and potential to meet the stringent safety and performance standards of the EV industry. Specifically, this review highlights the latest advancements in UV-curable and powder coatings, which offer superior insulation properties and environmental sustainability. It also provides insights into the future direction of insulation technologies for EV batteries, emphasizing the importance of material innovation for the continued growth and sustainability of the EV market.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 4","pages":"2153-2161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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