The Hoopoe Starling Fregilupus varius is an extinct species of the Sturnidae that was endemic to Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean. The species rapidly disappeared in the middle of the 19th century, primarily because of overexploitation by humans. We generated an approximately 11× coverage genome to reconstruct the demographic history of the Hoopoe Starling and compared these results with the demographic histories of other starlings and myna species. Our analyses confirmed the close affinities of the Hoopoe Starling with the genera Sturnia, Leucopsar and Sturnornis, and revealed that it went through a strong population bottleneck during its evolutionary history, but that its effective population size was not particularly low when compared with other extinct or critically endangered species of birds.
{"title":"Genomic insights into the evolutionary and demographic histories of the extinct Hoopoe Starling (Fregilupus varius)","authors":"Jérôme Fuchs, Per G. P. Ericson, Martin Irestedt","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hoopoe Starling <i>Fregilupus varius</i> is an extinct species of the Sturnidae that was endemic to Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean. The species rapidly disappeared in the middle of the 19th century, primarily because of overexploitation by humans. We generated an approximately 11× coverage genome to reconstruct the demographic history of the Hoopoe Starling and compared these results with the demographic histories of other starlings and myna species. Our analyses confirmed the close affinities of the Hoopoe Starling with the genera <i>Sturnia</i>, <i>Leucopsar</i> and <i>Sturnornis</i>, and revealed that it went through a strong population bottleneck during its evolutionary history, but that its effective population size was not particularly low when compared with other extinct or critically endangered species of birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139096513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report covers the period October 2022 to September 2023. The 55th Report appeared in Ibis 165: 360–363.
The following changes have been made to the British List.
The following subspecies are added to the British List in accordance with earlier iterations of the IOC World Bird List (https://www.worldbirdnames.org):
The Eider subspecies Somateria mollissima faeroeensis is recognized as a valid taxon by the IOC, with birds breeding in Shetland, Orkney and the Outer Hebrides apparently pertaining to this taxon, with the new annotation being:
The release of versions 13.1 and 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List results in a number of changes to the British List. These include:
Tibetan Sand Plover Charadrius atrifrons is split from Lesser Sand Plover C. mongolus (re-named Siberian Sand Plover) based on phenotypic differences and phylogenetic analysis. The new annotation is:
Historically, bird taxonomy was largely based on morphology, but in recent decades molecular genetic and bioacoustic data have been used to refine species limits, resulting in the recognition of many new species-level taxa, both through the elevation of subspecies to species status and through the identification and designation of new taxonomic units. Many of these new species are difficult to identify in the field and necessitate a pragmatic approach from rarities committees. For example, if systematic revisions result in a split leaving a restricted range resident species with limited or no long-distance vagrancy potential and a highly-migratory sister species with high vagrancy potential then the burden of assessment proof need not consider elimination of the resident taxon if this is difficult or impossible under field conditions (and if the escape potential of this taxon is also negligible) e.g. the recent splits of Himalayan Bluetail Tarsiger rufilatus from Red-flanked Bluetail T. cyanurus and Salim Ali's Swift Apus salimalii, Blyth's Swift A. leuconyx, and Cook's Swift A. cooki from Pacific Swift A. pacificus. Obviously, if identification is possible by obtaining a DNA sample or through acoustic recordings then confirmation is desirable, but the absence of these need not be a barrier to formal acceptance to the British List. Therefore, BOURC will take a pragmatic approach to any such species pairing or groups on a case-by-case basis, where it is overwhelmingly likely that a record pertains to one cryptic species and not others; when this is not the case, the species group will be added to Appendix 4 (Ibis 164: 909–910).
Traditionally, records of vagrants considered by rarities committees will have been found and identified in the field by human observers supplemented by field notes; historically often the specimen of the bird would have been provided too. In recent decades submissions have usually also included supporting ‘rich media’ in the
{"title":"British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee (BOURC): 56th Report (January 2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13279","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This report covers the period October 2022 to September 2023. The 55th Report appeared in <i>Ibis</i> 165: 360–363.</p><p>The following changes have been made to the British List.</p><p>The following subspecies are added to the British List in accordance with earlier iterations of the <i>IOC World Bird List</i> (https://www.worldbirdnames.org):</p><p>The Eider subspecies <i>Somateria mollissima faeroeensis</i> is recognized as a valid taxon by the IOC, with birds breeding in Shetland, Orkney and the Outer Hebrides apparently pertaining to this taxon, with the new annotation being:</p><p>The release of versions 13.1 and 13.2 of the <i>IOC World Bird List</i> results in a number of changes to the British List. These include:</p><p>Tibetan Sand Plover <i>Charadrius atrifrons</i> is split from Lesser Sand Plover <i>C. mongolus</i> (re-named Siberian Sand Plover) based on phenotypic differences and phylogenetic analysis. The new annotation is:</p><p>Historically, bird taxonomy was largely based on morphology, but in recent decades molecular genetic and bioacoustic data have been used to refine species limits, resulting in the recognition of many new species-level taxa, both through the elevation of subspecies to species status and through the identification and designation of new taxonomic units. Many of these new species are difficult to identify in the field and necessitate a pragmatic approach from rarities committees. For example, if systematic revisions result in a split leaving a restricted range resident species with limited or no long-distance vagrancy potential and a highly-migratory sister species with high vagrancy potential then the burden of assessment proof need not consider elimination of the resident taxon if this is difficult or impossible under field conditions (and if the escape potential of this taxon is also negligible) e.g. the recent splits of Himalayan Bluetail <i>Tarsiger rufilatus</i> from Red-flanked Bluetail <i>T. cyanurus</i> and Salim Ali's Swift <i>Apus salimalii</i>, Blyth's Swift <i>A. leuconyx</i>, and Cook's Swift <i>A. cooki</i> from Pacific Swift <i>A. pacificus</i>. Obviously, if identification is possible by obtaining a DNA sample or through acoustic recordings then confirmation is desirable, but the absence of these need not be a barrier to formal acceptance to the British List. Therefore, BOURC will take a pragmatic approach to any such species pairing or groups on a case-by-case basis, where it is overwhelmingly likely that a record pertains to one cryptic species and not others; when this is not the case, the species group will be added to Appendix 4 (<i>Ibis</i> 164: 909–910).</p><p>Traditionally, records of vagrants considered by rarities committees will have been found and identified in the field by human observers supplemented by field notes; historically often the specimen of the bird would have been provided too. In recent decades submissions have usually also included supporting ‘rich media’ in the ","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naman Goyal, Ashwin Warudkar, Vishnupriya Kolipakam, Bhawana Pant, Sivakumar Kuppusamy, Pratap Singh, Qamar Qureshi, Manoj V. Nair
The Nicobar Bulbul Ixos nicobariensis is an endemic species found across the central Nicobar Islands whose systematic position has been debated for many decades. Its current placement in the genus Ixos is tentative and is based on morphological similarities and geographical affinities to other members of the genus. We used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to examine its phylogenetic relationship to other members of Ixos and Hypsipetes. Our results indicate that the Nicobar Bulbul is sister to members of the genus Hypsipetes, and not Ixos. We further discuss the origin of this species based on the results of our study.
{"title":"Revisiting the systematic position of the enigmatic Nicobar Bulbul (Ixos nicobariensis)","authors":"Naman Goyal, Ashwin Warudkar, Vishnupriya Kolipakam, Bhawana Pant, Sivakumar Kuppusamy, Pratap Singh, Qamar Qureshi, Manoj V. Nair","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Nicobar Bulbul <i>Ixos nicobariensis</i> is an endemic species found across the central Nicobar Islands whose systematic position has been debated for many decades. Its current placement in the genus <i>Ixos</i> is tentative and is based on morphological similarities and geographical affinities to other members of the genus. We used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to examine its phylogenetic relationship to other members of <i>Ixos</i> and <i>Hypsipetes</i>. Our results indicate that the Nicobar Bulbul is sister to members of the genus <i>Hypsipetes</i>, and not <i>Ixos</i>. We further discuss the origin of this species based on the results of our study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A robust understanding of the mechanisms driving demographic change in wild animal populations is fundamental to the delivery of effective conservation interventions. Demographic change can be driven by variation in adult survival, recruitment of juveniles into the breeding population or breeding productivity – the number of fledglings produced per breeding pair. Across Europe, low breeding productivity in wader populations has been a significant driver of population decline, increasing the importance of gathering accurate data on breeding productivity. Monitoring wader breeding productivity is challenging because finding nests can be time-consuming and requires experienced fieldworkers; wader chicks are nidifugous and difficult to count due to their cryptic behaviour; and waders often have high re-laying rates following nest failure, meaning that hatching or fledging can be highly asynchronous. This paper reviews approaches to estimating breeding productivity where fieldworkers either record the agitation or alarm-calling behaviour of adults with dependent young, make direct observations of broods on survey visits, or both. Using a systematic literature search (restricted to Europe where most of these studies have taken place) we identified 38 peer-reviewed papers which used this approach. The productivity metrics produced can be divided into the following categories: (i) ‘Hatching Success’ (HS), (ii) ‘Fledging Success’ (FS) and (iii) ‘Young Fledged Per Pair’ (YFP), from the coarsest to the most precise. The first two metrics are most often used when direct observations of broods are not possible due to the behaviour of broods or vegetation structure; YFP is preferred if brood counts are possible. Design of an appropriate metric depends on (i) whether accurate brood counts are possible; (ii) whether adults exhibit diagnostic agitation behaviour when young are present; (iii) whether individual breeding territories are separable; (iv) whether re-nesting rates are assumed to be high; and (v) the availability of experienced surveyors (particularly where behavioural observations are required). Globally there are many wader species for which the methods described here could provide valuable information and we hope this review encourages further development or adoption of these methods.
{"title":"Monitoring wader breeding productivity","authors":"David Jarrett, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Steve Willis","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13298","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A robust understanding of the mechanisms driving demographic change in wild animal populations is fundamental to the delivery of effective conservation interventions. Demographic change can be driven by variation in adult survival, recruitment of juveniles into the breeding population or breeding productivity – the number of fledglings produced per breeding pair. Across Europe, low breeding productivity in wader populations has been a significant driver of population decline, increasing the importance of gathering accurate data on breeding productivity. Monitoring wader breeding productivity is challenging because finding nests can be time-consuming and requires experienced fieldworkers; wader chicks are nidifugous and difficult to count due to their cryptic behaviour; and waders often have high re-laying rates following nest failure, meaning that hatching or fledging can be highly asynchronous. This paper reviews approaches to estimating breeding productivity where fieldworkers either record the agitation or alarm-calling behaviour of adults with dependent young, make direct observations of broods on survey visits, or both. Using a systematic literature search (restricted to Europe where most of these studies have taken place) we identified 38 peer-reviewed papers which used this approach. The productivity metrics produced can be divided into the following categories: (i) ‘Hatching Success’ (HS), (ii) ‘Fledging Success’ (FS) and (iii) ‘Young Fledged Per Pair’ (YFP), from the coarsest to the most precise. The first two metrics are most often used when direct observations of broods are not possible due to the behaviour of broods or vegetation structure; YFP is preferred if brood counts are possible. Design of an appropriate metric depends on (i) whether accurate brood counts are possible; (ii) whether adults exhibit diagnostic agitation behaviour when young are present; (iii) whether individual breeding territories are separable; (iv) whether re-nesting rates are assumed to be high; and (v) the availability of experienced surveyors (particularly where behavioural observations are required). Globally there are many wader species for which the methods described here could provide valuable information and we hope this review encourages further development or adoption of these methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrián Barrero, Julia Gómez-Catasús, Cristian Pérez-Granados, Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa, Juan Traba
Territorial defence depends on highly interrelated factors such as food abundance and conspecific density. We used Dupont's Lark Chersophilus duponti as a model species to evaluate the response of a territorial bird to a foreign male playback, examining how conspecific density, habitat quality and male body condition impact responses. The study was conducted in central Spain with variable male density. Response (yes/no), latency time, distance to the playback speaker, and the number of songs and other vocalizations were monitored for 5 min. Habitat quality was estimated using BlueNDVI vegetation index extracted from high-resolution drone imagery, which is a proxy for arthropod prey biomass. Conspecific density (Kernel Density Estimator) and male body condition were calculated to assess their effect on response and intensity. We applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to determine which factors predicted the response and its intensity. There was a greater response probability in areas with a higher density of conspecifics and in areas of poorer habitat quality (i.e. lower BlueNDVI values). In contrast, latency time was longer in areas with lower conspecific density. Intrasexual communication (singing and calling rates) increased with habitat quality. Intraspecific communication (other vocalizations) increased in poorer quality habitats and at a higher density of conspecifics. Body condition was not related to any variables. Our results suggest that male density, sometimes used as an indicator of an area being well conserved for the species, may reflect areas of poorer habitat quality occupied by unpaired floater males, whereas paired territorial males would occupy and defend higher quality areas, leading to lower density.
{"title":"Conspecific density and habitat quality drive the defence and vocal behaviour of a territorial passerine","authors":"Adrián Barrero, Julia Gómez-Catasús, Cristian Pérez-Granados, Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa, Juan Traba","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13295","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Territorial defence depends on highly interrelated factors such as food abundance and conspecific density. We used Dupont's Lark <i>Chersophilus duponti</i> as a model species to evaluate the response of a territorial bird to a foreign male playback, examining how conspecific density, habitat quality and male body condition impact responses. The study was conducted in central Spain with variable male density. Response (yes/no), latency time, distance to the playback speaker, and the number of songs and other vocalizations were monitored for 5 min. Habitat quality was estimated using BlueNDVI vegetation index extracted from high-resolution drone imagery, which is a proxy for arthropod prey biomass. Conspecific density (Kernel Density Estimator) and male body condition were calculated to assess their effect on response and intensity. We applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to determine which factors predicted the response and its intensity. There was a greater response probability in areas with a higher density of conspecifics and in areas of poorer habitat quality (i.e. lower BlueNDVI values). In contrast, latency time was longer in areas with lower conspecific density. Intrasexual communication (singing and calling rates) increased with habitat quality. Intraspecific communication (other vocalizations) increased in poorer quality habitats and at a higher density of conspecifics. Body condition was not related to any variables. Our results suggest that male density, sometimes used as an indicator of an area being well conserved for the species, may reflect areas of poorer habitat quality occupied by unpaired floater males, whereas paired territorial males would occupy and defend higher quality areas, leading to lower density.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura X. L. Tan, Han M. Gan, Wouter F. D. van Dongen, Peter Dann, Duncan R. Sutherland, Michael A. Weston
Establishing methods that allow for more focused management of wildlife under predator pressure may increase the efficiency of managing problematic predators. Non-invasive dietary analysis and identification of conservation-sensitive prey in the diet of ‘culprit’ predator individuals could help to facilitate this and is worthy of exploration. Recently on Phillip Island, Australia, Little Ravens Corvus mellori have emerged as a prominent predator on the clutches of burrow-nesting Little Penguins Eudyptula minor. We tested the feasibility of using non-invasive PCR approaches targeting the penguin mitochondrial 16S rRNA marker gene to establish whether penguin DNA could be detected in raven faecal samples, potentially enabling the identification of culprit ravens missed by extensive field observation. Using a metabarcoding approach, we examined the feasibility of non-invasively establishing other dietary items via high-throughput amplicon sequencing. We documented components of raven diet using the universal mitochondrial 16S rRNA, insect-specific ‘Chiar’ 16S rRNA and plant ITS2. The assemblage of dietary items did not differ with raven culprit status (i.e. a raven previously observed preying upon penguin), sex or date. Penguin was detected in the diet of some individuals classified observationally as non-culprits. Although some cases may conceivably have been false detections, other explanations include missed depredation events, consumption via scavenging or through secondary consumption (e.g. eating invertebrates that have consumed penguin). While this study found metabarcoding unreliable for unambiguous assigning of raven culprit status, at least as we implemented it, it may hold promise complementing observations if consumption via scavenging can be distinguished from direct depredation.
{"title":"DNA metabarcoding complements but does not replace direct observations of penguin predation by corvids","authors":"Laura X. L. Tan, Han M. Gan, Wouter F. D. van Dongen, Peter Dann, Duncan R. Sutherland, Michael A. Weston","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Establishing methods that allow for more focused management of wildlife under predator pressure may increase the efficiency of managing problematic predators. Non-invasive dietary analysis and identification of conservation-sensitive prey in the diet of ‘culprit’ predator individuals could help to facilitate this and is worthy of exploration. Recently on Phillip Island, Australia, Little Ravens <i>Corvus mellori</i> have emerged as a prominent predator on the clutches of burrow-nesting Little Penguins <i>Eudyptula minor</i>. We tested the feasibility of using non-invasive PCR approaches targeting the penguin mitochondrial 16S rRNA marker gene to establish whether penguin DNA could be detected in raven faecal samples, potentially enabling the identification of culprit ravens missed by extensive field observation. Using a metabarcoding approach, we examined the feasibility of non-invasively establishing other dietary items via high-throughput amplicon sequencing. We documented components of raven diet using the universal mitochondrial 16S rRNA, insect-specific ‘Chiar’ 16S rRNA and plant ITS2. The assemblage of dietary items did not differ with raven culprit status (i.e. a raven previously observed preying upon penguin), sex or date. Penguin was detected in the diet of some individuals classified observationally as non-culprits. Although some cases may conceivably have been false detections, other explanations include missed depredation events, consumption via scavenging or through secondary consumption (e.g. eating invertebrates that have consumed penguin). While this study found metabarcoding unreliable for unambiguous assigning of raven culprit status, at least as we implemented it, it may hold promise complementing observations if consumption via scavenging can be distinguished from direct depredation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Alexander Hopping, Christopher J. Sayers II, Noe Roger Huaraca-Charca, Holger Klinck
The vocal activity and detectability of tropical birds are subject to high levels of temporal heterogeneity, but quantifying patterns of diel and day-to-day variation in complex systems is challenging with traditional point count methods. As a result, research concerning stochastic temporal effects on tropical bird assemblages is limited, typically offering only broad conclusions, such as that overall activity is highest in the first few hours of the morning and some species are active at different times of the day. Passive acoustic monitoring introduces several advantages for studying temporal variation, particularly by enabling simultaneous and continuous data collection across adjacent sites. Here, we employed autonomous recording units to quantify temporal variation in bird vocal activity and observed species richness at an Amazonian reserve in Madre de Dios, Peru, a region featuring some of Earth's richest, most complex bird assemblages. We manually annotated 18 dawn hour recordings, collected simultaneously from three separate days at the same six sites, which represent various microhabitats and bird community compositions. We documented significant and consistent temporal variation in avian vocal activity levels and observed species richness within the dawn hour and across days. We found that temporal effects were stronger for vocal activity than for observed species richness and that vocal activity patterns over the course of the dawn hour varied between species. Our results indicate that overlooked temporal variation in Amazonian soundscapes may obfuscate the results of surveys that do not sufficiently account for temporal variables with simultaneous monitoring. While manual analysis of large volumes of soundscape data remains challenging, such data should be collected to supplement traditional surveys whenever possible. Rapid advances in the automated processing of acoustic data could lead to more efficient methods for reducing temporal bias and improving the calibration and accuracy of tropical bird surveys.
热带鸟类的发声活动和可探测性具有高度的时间异质性,但用传统的点计数方法来量化复杂系统中的日间变化模式具有挑战性。因此,有关热带鸟类群落的随机时间效应的研究非常有限,通常只能得出一些笼统的结论,例如总体活动在早晨的前几个小时最为活跃,某些物种在一天中的不同时间段都很活跃。被动声学监测为研究时间变化带来了一些优势,特别是可以在相邻地点同时连续收集数据。在秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯(Madre de Dios)的亚马逊保护区,我们使用自主记录装置来量化鸟类发声活动的时间变化和观察到的物种丰富度,该保护区拥有地球上最丰富、最复杂的鸟类群落。我们对 18 个黎明时分的录音进行了人工注释,这些录音是在同一六个地点的三个不同的日子里同时采集的,代表了不同的微生境和鸟类群落组成。我们发现,在黎明时分和不同的日子里,鸟类的声音活动水平和观察到的物种丰富度都存在着明显而一致的时间差异。我们发现,发声活动的时间效应比观察到的物种丰富度更强,而且不同物种在黎明一小时内的发声活动模式也各不相同。我们的研究结果表明,亚马逊河流域声音景观中被忽视的时间变化可能会掩盖调查的结果,因为没有通过同步监测充分考虑时间变量。虽然对大量声景数据进行人工分析仍具有挑战性,但在可能的情况下,应收集此类数据作为传统调查的补充。声学数据自动处理技术的快速发展可以带来更有效的方法,减少时间偏差,提高热带鸟类调查的校准和准确性。
{"title":"Simultaneous passive acoustic monitoring uncovers evidence of potentially overlooked temporal variation in an Amazonian bird community","authors":"W. Alexander Hopping, Christopher J. Sayers II, Noe Roger Huaraca-Charca, Holger Klinck","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13293","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vocal activity and detectability of tropical birds are subject to high levels of temporal heterogeneity, but quantifying patterns of diel and day-to-day variation in complex systems is challenging with traditional point count methods. As a result, research concerning stochastic temporal effects on tropical bird assemblages is limited, typically offering only broad conclusions, such as that overall activity is highest in the first few hours of the morning and some species are active at different times of the day. Passive acoustic monitoring introduces several advantages for studying temporal variation, particularly by enabling simultaneous and continuous data collection across adjacent sites. Here, we employed autonomous recording units to quantify temporal variation in bird vocal activity and observed species richness at an Amazonian reserve in Madre de Dios, Peru, a region featuring some of Earth's richest, most complex bird assemblages. We manually annotated 18 dawn hour recordings, collected simultaneously from three separate days at the same six sites, which represent various microhabitats and bird community compositions. We documented significant and consistent temporal variation in avian vocal activity levels and observed species richness within the dawn hour and across days. We found that temporal effects were stronger for vocal activity than for observed species richness and that vocal activity patterns over the course of the dawn hour varied between species. Our results indicate that overlooked temporal variation in Amazonian soundscapes may obfuscate the results of surveys that do not sufficiently account for temporal variables with simultaneous monitoring. While manual analysis of large volumes of soundscape data remains challenging, such data should be collected to supplement traditional surveys whenever possible. Rapid advances in the automated processing of acoustic data could lead to more efficient methods for reducing temporal bias and improving the calibration and accuracy of tropical bird surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela K. Jarman, Michelle E. Shaw, Catherine E. Grueber
As biodiversity declines, wildlife conservation focuses on in situ and ex situ management strategies. Zoo-based breeding programmes are often designed to contribute to the conservation of species that are threatened in the wild. Diet contributes to the reproductive success, disease status and longevity of all animals. It is near-impossible to replicate a species' diet in captivity using only the species they consume in the wild, but the nutritional composition of a wild diet, if known, can be closely matched using commercially available foods for which the nutritional composition has been calculated. Ecological research has identified food items of importance in the diet of many species. However, the nutritional composition of these food items is rarely evaluated, even though the composition of wild food items is important in understanding the dietary adaptations and requirements of wildlife. In contrast, the nutritional requirements of domestic species are well researched and can be used to predict a range of plausible nutrient requirements of some wild species, especially those with similar life histories. Access to wild populations provides further opportunities for nutritional science to determine the requirements of individual species. Small-scale dietary experimentation undertaken at conservation institutions may show positive effects on health and welfare but is rarely published in the scientific literature. This review describes current standards in nutritional management of birds and recommends pathways for filling knowledge gaps. Research on mammals has dominated the nutrition literature, so there is a relative lack of nutritional management information for birds. We combine concepts of domestic animal nutrition with recent findings on the nutritional requirements of birds to provide a foundation for further studies of avian nutrition. We call for the broader zoological community to share data and collaborate on nutritional research to support conservation institutions in nutritional management of wild birds.
{"title":"Current perspectives in avian nutrition: domestic animal models and their role in conservation management","authors":"Angela K. Jarman, Michelle E. Shaw, Catherine E. Grueber","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13289","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As biodiversity declines, wildlife conservation focuses on <i>in situ</i> and <i>ex situ</i> management strategies. Zoo-based breeding programmes are often designed to contribute to the conservation of species that are threatened in the wild. Diet contributes to the reproductive success, disease status and longevity of all animals. It is near-impossible to replicate a species' diet in captivity using only the species they consume in the wild, but the nutritional composition of a wild diet, if known, can be closely matched using commercially available foods for which the nutritional composition has been calculated. Ecological research has identified food items of importance in the diet of many species. However, the nutritional composition of these food items is rarely evaluated, even though the composition of wild food items is important in understanding the dietary adaptations and requirements of wildlife. In contrast, the nutritional requirements of domestic species are well researched and can be used to predict a range of plausible nutrient requirements of some wild species, especially those with similar life histories. Access to wild populations provides further opportunities for nutritional science to determine the requirements of individual species. Small-scale dietary experimentation undertaken at conservation institutions may show positive effects on health and welfare but is rarely published in the scientific literature. This review describes current standards in nutritional management of birds and recommends pathways for filling knowledge gaps. Research on mammals has dominated the nutrition literature, so there is a relative lack of nutritional management information for birds. We combine concepts of domestic animal nutrition with recent findings on the nutritional requirements of birds to provide a foundation for further studies of avian nutrition. We call for the broader zoological community to share data and collaborate on nutritional research to support conservation institutions in nutritional management of wild birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Letizia Campioni, Sofia Bolumar Roda, Hany Alonso, Paulo Catry, José Pedro Granadeiro
Migratory birds must fit three costly life-history events within the annual cycle, reproduction, moult and migration, to minimize their overlap and maximize survival and breeding success. However, some seabirds, such as Cory's Shearwater Calonectris borealis, overlap body moult and breeding, with flight feather renewal occurring in late chick-rearing. In contrast, the moult patterns of non-breeding adult (sabbatical) and immature Cory's Shearwaters, which also attend the colony during the breeding season, remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the potential implications of life-stage and breeding status trade-offs on moult status and colony attendance in non-breeders has rarely been investigated. Surveying different areas within one colony between June and September 2013 and 2014, we studied the age and breeding status composition of birds attending the breeding colony and scored moult of their body (breast and upper-neck), wing and tail feathers. We found that in addition to breeders (n = 165), 57.6% of the birds (n = 389) attending the colony were 4- to 10-year-old immatures (n = 132) and adult sabbatical shearwaters (n = 92). Sabbaticals and 8- to 10-year-old immatures (n = 28) were present at the colony during incubation, whereas only three sabbatical birds and no 8- to 10-year-old immatures were captured in late chick-rearing. Conversely, 4- to 7-year-old immatures arrived later in the season but were still present in late chick-rearing. Sabbatical and 8- to 10-year-old immatures were moulting body feathers at the same time as adult breeders, whereas, among 4- to 7-year-old immatures, older birds moulted earlier than younger birds. A larger proportion of sabbatical birds were replacing tail feathers compared with adult breeders. However, there was no evidence that sabbaticals or 8- to 10-year-old immatures differed in wing moult from adult breeders until August. Overall, our study shows that colony attendance by non-breeding adults and immatures is widespread in this population. The synchronous moult schedule of flight and body feathers across age groups at different life-history stages may suggest that this aspect of moult is controlled by environmental conditions.
{"title":"Colony attendance and moult pattern of Cory's Shearwaters (Calonectris borealis) differing in breeding status and age","authors":"Letizia Campioni, Sofia Bolumar Roda, Hany Alonso, Paulo Catry, José Pedro Granadeiro","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13291","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory birds must fit three costly life-history events within the annual cycle, reproduction, moult and migration, to minimize their overlap and maximize survival and breeding success. However, some seabirds, such as Cory's Shearwater <i>Calonectris borealis</i>, overlap body moult and breeding, with flight feather renewal occurring in late chick-rearing. In contrast, the moult patterns of non-breeding adult (sabbatical) and immature Cory's Shearwaters, which also attend the colony during the breeding season, remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the potential implications of life-stage and breeding status trade-offs on moult status and colony attendance in non-breeders has rarely been investigated. Surveying different areas within one colony between June and September 2013 and 2014, we studied the age and breeding status composition of birds attending the breeding colony and scored moult of their body (breast and upper-neck), wing and tail feathers. We found that in addition to breeders (<i>n</i> = 165), 57.6% of the birds (<i>n</i> = 389) attending the colony were 4- to 10-year-old immatures (<i>n</i> = 132) and adult sabbatical shearwaters (<i>n</i> = 92). Sabbaticals and 8- to 10-year-old immatures (<i>n</i> = 28) were present at the colony during incubation, whereas only three sabbatical birds and no 8- to 10-year-old immatures were captured in late chick-rearing. Conversely, 4- to 7-year-old immatures arrived later in the season but were still present in late chick-rearing. Sabbatical and 8- to 10-year-old immatures were moulting body feathers at the same time as adult breeders, whereas, among 4- to 7-year-old immatures, older birds moulted earlier than younger birds. A larger proportion of sabbatical birds were replacing tail feathers compared with adult breeders. However, there was no evidence that sabbaticals or 8- to 10-year-old immatures differed in wing moult from adult breeders until August. Overall, our study shows that colony attendance by non-breeding adults and immatures is widespread in this population. The synchronous moult schedule of flight and body feathers across age groups at different life-history stages may suggest that this aspect of moult is controlled by environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aimée Gray, Susan Doyle, Caoimhe Doyle, Juliette C. Young, Barry J. McMahon
Biodiversity, ecosystem services and human health are becoming increasingly integrated in the ‘One Health’ concept, including recognition of the impacts of biodiversity loss on human health. Birds have considerable potential to benefit human health through their contributions to ecosystem functioning, recreation, and provision of pest control and pollination services, commonly referred to as ecosystem services. To synthesize the pathways through which birds facilitate human health, a scoping review methodology was employed to search the primary literature for relevant information. Of the 125 articles containing empirical evidence that were categorized, reported benefits included tangible materials (e.g. food, income) and resiliency (e.g. supportive ecosystem services; 80%), aesthetic, cultural, recreational, socio-economic and spiritual benefits (65%), psychological benefits (25%), regulation of transmission and prevalence of infectious diseases (11%), and physiological benefits (10%). Direct and indirect health benefits provided by birds are discussed in this review, facilitating the proposal of a new pathway categorization. The health contributions of any taxon must be given greater attention with the aim of supporting conservation and to support the sustainable use of wild species.
{"title":"Birds and human health: Pathways for a positive relationship and improved integration","authors":"Aimée Gray, Susan Doyle, Caoimhe Doyle, Juliette C. Young, Barry J. McMahon","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13290","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13290","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity, ecosystem services and human health are becoming increasingly integrated in the ‘One Health’ concept, including recognition of the impacts of biodiversity loss on human health. Birds have considerable potential to benefit human health through their contributions to ecosystem functioning, recreation, and provision of pest control and pollination services, commonly referred to as ecosystem services. To synthesize the pathways through which birds facilitate human health, a scoping review methodology was employed to search the primary literature for relevant information. Of the 125 articles containing empirical evidence that were categorized, reported benefits included tangible materials (e.g. food, income) and resiliency (e.g. supportive ecosystem services; 80%), aesthetic, cultural, recreational, socio-economic and spiritual benefits (65%), psychological benefits (25%), regulation of transmission and prevalence of infectious diseases (11%), and physiological benefits (10%). Direct and indirect health benefits provided by birds are discussed in this review, facilitating the proposal of a new pathway categorization. The health contributions of any taxon must be given greater attention with the aim of supporting conservation and to support the sustainable use of wild species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}