Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_138_21
Siti Nuraihan, J. Lee, Zacharias Dwi Pramano, K. Leong
{"title":"Clouston syndrome: A complete genotype–Phenotype correlation after four decades and six generations","authors":"Siti Nuraihan, J. Lee, Zacharias Dwi Pramano, K. Leong","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_138_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_138_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"325 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70759020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_125_21
Anita Marak, Ellis Khawbung, Shakeel Jabbar, B. Shakthi
Congenital anonychia is a relatively rare abnormality of nail development affecting all or some of the finger and toe nails, characterized by either complete absence of nails or hypoplasia of nails. We report a rare case of congenital anonychia with brachydactyly with unique congenital abnormalities of heart-shaped tongue, congenital hypoglossal nerve palsy, and staghorn calculus. To our knowledge, these associations have never been described before and do not fall under any known syndromic entity.
{"title":"Congenital anonychia with brachydactyly with novel, unilateral congenital hypoglossal nerve palsy and staghorn renal calculus","authors":"Anita Marak, Ellis Khawbung, Shakeel Jabbar, B. Shakthi","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_125_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_125_21","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital anonychia is a relatively rare abnormality of nail development affecting all or some of the finger and toe nails, characterized by either complete absence of nails or hypoplasia of nails. We report a rare case of congenital anonychia with brachydactyly with unique congenital abnormalities of heart-shaped tongue, congenital hypoglossal nerve palsy, and staghorn calculus. To our knowledge, these associations have never been described before and do not fall under any known syndromic entity.","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"314 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43221267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Choudhary, P. Agarwal, S. Kulkarni, Bhushan Madke
Type 2 inflammatory diseases are characterized by the dysregulation of the T helper (Th) 2 pathway, the prototype being atopic dermatitis (AD). The common inflammatory pathways, genetic risk factors, epidermal barrier dysfunction, parental atopy, and environmental factors are all associated with the codevelopment of type 2 inflammatory diseases in patients with AD. Acute skin barrier disruption leads to the production of both alarmin and dopamine, both of which promote Th2 skewing and mast cell activation, which then finally leads to inflammation, pruritus, and initiation of type 2 immune responses. Since AD is considered “starting point” for various other allergic diseases, its judicious management can help in decreasing the comorbidity posed by respiratory allergy and allergic rhinitis. This review discusses our current understanding of the type 2 inflammation in AD and highlights the nuances between the various type 2 inflammatory disorders. The article tends to focus on the fact that type 2 inflammatory diseases have a significant burden in patients with AD and it is far beyond the cutaneous manifestations and the “Atopic March.” There is an emphasis on early identification and an integrative approach in the treatment of AD in order to alleviate the overall disease morbidity. Type 2 immunity will be reviewed in the light of the prevailing as well as forthcoming targeted treatment options for AD and other related type 2 inflammatory disorders.
{"title":"Type 2 inflammatory diseases in atopic dermatitis: A short review","authors":"A. Choudhary, P. Agarwal, S. Kulkarni, Bhushan Madke","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_58_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_58_22","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 inflammatory diseases are characterized by the dysregulation of the T helper (Th) 2 pathway, the prototype being atopic dermatitis (AD). The common inflammatory pathways, genetic risk factors, epidermal barrier dysfunction, parental atopy, and environmental factors are all associated with the codevelopment of type 2 inflammatory diseases in patients with AD. Acute skin barrier disruption leads to the production of both alarmin and dopamine, both of which promote Th2 skewing and mast cell activation, which then finally leads to inflammation, pruritus, and initiation of type 2 immune responses. Since AD is considered “starting point” for various other allergic diseases, its judicious management can help in decreasing the comorbidity posed by respiratory allergy and allergic rhinitis. This review discusses our current understanding of the type 2 inflammation in AD and highlights the nuances between the various type 2 inflammatory disorders. The article tends to focus on the fact that type 2 inflammatory diseases have a significant burden in patients with AD and it is far beyond the cutaneous manifestations and the “Atopic March.” There is an emphasis on early identification and an integrative approach in the treatment of AD in order to alleviate the overall disease morbidity. Type 2 immunity will be reviewed in the light of the prevailing as well as forthcoming targeted treatment options for AD and other related type 2 inflammatory disorders.","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"275 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47399035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical photography in pediatric dermatology","authors":"K. Ashique, F. Kaliyadan, P. Jayasree","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_62_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_62_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"335 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46593390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_170_21
Atul Vijay, S. Saini, Shail Agarwal
{"title":"Giant melanocytic nevus with multiple hemangiomas of the scalp and recurrent lobular capillary hemangioma","authors":"Atul Vijay, S. Saini, Shail Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_170_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_170_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"330 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47045024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CLOVES syndrome is a rare disorder that falls under the spectrum of clinically and etiologically heterogenous “vascular malformation with limb overgrowth syndromes.” An 8-year-old male child presented with overgrowth of limbs, multiple vascular malformations, epidermal nevus, skeletal anomalies, and undescended testis, based on which a diagnosis of CLOVES syndrome was made. This publication serves to discuss the classical features of this rare syndrome and to report undescended testis, which is an unusual feature. Identifying this variable constellation of features is essential to differentiate the condition from other similar disorders for purposes of academics, research, and patient care.
{"title":"CLOVES syndrome: An unusual presentation of a rare entity","authors":"Pallavi Hegde, V. Choubey, B. Sahoo","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_60_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_60_21","url":null,"abstract":"CLOVES syndrome is a rare disorder that falls under the spectrum of clinically and etiologically heterogenous “vascular malformation with limb overgrowth syndromes.” An 8-year-old male child presented with overgrowth of limbs, multiple vascular malformations, epidermal nevus, skeletal anomalies, and undescended testis, based on which a diagnosis of CLOVES syndrome was made. This publication serves to discuss the classical features of this rare syndrome and to report undescended testis, which is an unusual feature. Identifying this variable constellation of features is essential to differentiate the condition from other similar disorders for purposes of academics, research, and patient care.","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"306 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_113_21
D. Satheesh, R. Bhat, M. Madhumita, J. Jayaraman
Background: Dermatophytosis is a common dermatological condition in children. Recent trends indicate increasing occurrence of dermatophytic infection in the paediatric age group and with growing anti-fungal resistance; however, more studies describing clinic-epidemiological and mycological pattern in paediatric population are needed. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical pattern and mycological isolates from the lesions of dermatophytosis involving the glabrous skin and to assess the association of fixed dose combinations creams with clinical and mycological pattern of cutaneous dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: Paediatric patients (ages 1 -14) with suspected tinea infections presenting in the Department of Dermatology at a tertiary care medical college hospital in South India for a duration of four months, in 2020, were included in this study. Samples were collected and tested for potassium hydroxide (KOH) positivity. Additionally, the scales were also sent for fungal culture. Results: Out of 45 patients, 29 (64.4%) were male and 16 (35.6%) were female. The groin was the most common site affected in 89.65% patients. Around 57% of the study participants (21/45) have used corticosteroid-containing creams. Out of the 45 study participants, KOH mount was positive in 39(86.7%). Fungal Culture revealed Trichophyton mentagrophytes (55.6%) as the most common species isolated. Conclusion: Our study illustrates a major epidemiological shift of dermatophytosis causing species from Trichophyton rubrum to Trichophyton mentagrophytes among paediatric patients akin to that observed in adults. It is also observed that there is an increase in an atypical presentation owing to topical steroid use. The present study provides evidence that a high index of suspicion in needed to effectively curb the rising incidence of dermatophytosis in paediatric patients.
{"title":"Emerging trends in dermatophytosis among pediatric age group - A view from the south","authors":"D. Satheesh, R. Bhat, M. Madhumita, J. Jayaraman","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_113_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_113_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dermatophytosis is a common dermatological condition in children. Recent trends indicate increasing occurrence of dermatophytic infection in the paediatric age group and with growing anti-fungal resistance; however, more studies describing clinic-epidemiological and mycological pattern in paediatric population are needed. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical pattern and mycological isolates from the lesions of dermatophytosis involving the glabrous skin and to assess the association of fixed dose combinations creams with clinical and mycological pattern of cutaneous dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: Paediatric patients (ages 1 -14) with suspected tinea infections presenting in the Department of Dermatology at a tertiary care medical college hospital in South India for a duration of four months, in 2020, were included in this study. Samples were collected and tested for potassium hydroxide (KOH) positivity. Additionally, the scales were also sent for fungal culture. Results: Out of 45 patients, 29 (64.4%) were male and 16 (35.6%) were female. The groin was the most common site affected in 89.65% patients. Around 57% of the study participants (21/45) have used corticosteroid-containing creams. Out of the 45 study participants, KOH mount was positive in 39(86.7%). Fungal Culture revealed Trichophyton mentagrophytes (55.6%) as the most common species isolated. Conclusion: Our study illustrates a major epidemiological shift of dermatophytosis causing species from Trichophyton rubrum to Trichophyton mentagrophytes among paediatric patients akin to that observed in adults. It is also observed that there is an increase in an atypical presentation owing to topical steroid use. The present study provides evidence that a high index of suspicion in needed to effectively curb the rising incidence of dermatophytosis in paediatric patients.","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"302 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47949624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skin biopsy has a crucial place in arriving at a definitive diagnosis in many pediatric dermatologic conditions. The need to perform a skin biopsy on a child may provoke apprehension in the parents/caregivers, which can be alleviated by establishing a good rapport with them. The details of the procedure, including benefits and risks involved, and the expected result should be communicated to the parents in an easy-to-understand language to have an informed decision. In this review, literature search was done across the PubMed database from January 1992 to January 2022 using the following keywords “skin biopsy in children,” “skin biopsy in pediatric age group,” “pediatric dermatopathology,” “dermatologic surgery in children,” “dermatologic surgery in pediatric age group,” “pediatric dermatologic surgery,” and “procedures in pediatric dermatology.” Articles not written in the English language were excluded.
{"title":"Skin biopsy in the pediatric age group","authors":"G. Khullar, C. Desai","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_28_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_28_22","url":null,"abstract":"Skin biopsy has a crucial place in arriving at a definitive diagnosis in many pediatric dermatologic conditions. The need to perform a skin biopsy on a child may provoke apprehension in the parents/caregivers, which can be alleviated by establishing a good rapport with them. The details of the procedure, including benefits and risks involved, and the expected result should be communicated to the parents in an easy-to-understand language to have an informed decision. In this review, literature search was done across the PubMed database from January 1992 to January 2022 using the following keywords “skin biopsy in children,” “skin biopsy in pediatric age group,” “pediatric dermatopathology,” “dermatologic surgery in children,” “dermatologic surgery in pediatric age group,” “pediatric dermatologic surgery,” and “procedures in pediatric dermatology.” Articles not written in the English language were excluded.","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"271 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45165645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_153_21
D. Yadav, R. Chander, V. Mendiratta, E. Debnath, Kavita Bisherwal, Suparna Das
Background: Premature canities refer to the loss of hair pigment, at an earlier age than normal. Vitamins and minerals are involved in the various steps of melanogenesis. There is a paucity in the current literature on possible correlation between the serum levels of micronutrients and premature graying of hair. Materials and Methods: A case − control study was conducted on 56 patients of premature canities and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls between 12 and 18 years of age. After taking detailed history and physical examination, serum was analyzed for copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, Vitamin B12, folic acid, and Vitamin D levels in both cases and controls, and the results were compared. Results: Mean serum levels of zinc, magnesium, and Vitamin B12 were significantly lower in cases (P < 0.01). No significant difference between mean serum copper, iron, Vitamin D, and folic acid levels between cases and controls was found. Patients having deficiency of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, and Vitamin B12 were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.05). No significant association between the serum levels of micronutrients with severity of canities was found. Conclusion: On basis of our study, we conclude that patients of premature graying can have micronutrient deficiencies such as copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, and Vitamin B12. These micronutrients should be analyzed in patients of premature canities if facilities are available and if patients are found deficient, they should be supplemented for the same. However, further studies on a larger population and effect of supplementation of these micronutrients on premature graying are required.
{"title":"A study of micronutrient levels in premature canities in children","authors":"D. Yadav, R. Chander, V. Mendiratta, E. Debnath, Kavita Bisherwal, Suparna Das","doi":"10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_153_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_153_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Premature canities refer to the loss of hair pigment, at an earlier age than normal. Vitamins and minerals are involved in the various steps of melanogenesis. There is a paucity in the current literature on possible correlation between the serum levels of micronutrients and premature graying of hair. Materials and Methods: A case − control study was conducted on 56 patients of premature canities and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls between 12 and 18 years of age. After taking detailed history and physical examination, serum was analyzed for copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, Vitamin B12, folic acid, and Vitamin D levels in both cases and controls, and the results were compared. Results: Mean serum levels of zinc, magnesium, and Vitamin B12 were significantly lower in cases (P < 0.01). No significant difference between mean serum copper, iron, Vitamin D, and folic acid levels between cases and controls was found. Patients having deficiency of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, and Vitamin B12 were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.05). No significant association between the serum levels of micronutrients with severity of canities was found. Conclusion: On basis of our study, we conclude that patients of premature graying can have micronutrient deficiencies such as copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, and Vitamin B12. These micronutrients should be analyzed in patients of premature canities if facilities are available and if patients are found deficient, they should be supplemented for the same. However, further studies on a larger population and effect of supplementation of these micronutrients on premature graying are required.","PeriodicalId":13275,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology","volume":"23 1","pages":"297 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70759366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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